Unit PATHOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HEALT EDUCATION

MEDICAL GENETICS

Code	GP003922
CFU	1
Teacher	Emilio Donti
Teachers	Emilio Donti
Hours	12 ore - Emilio Donti
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	MED/03
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Reference texts	GENETICA UMANA E MEDICA Fourth edition 2017 Authors: Neri G., Genuardi M. Edito: ESRA MASSON
Educational objectives	Conoscere le basi biologiche dei caratteri ereditari nella specie umana. Conoscere le modalità di trasmissione dei caratteri ereditari, mendeliani e non mendeliani. Essere a conoscenza delle possibili cause di patologia genetica e dei meccanismi che intervengono nella determinazione del rapporto genotipo-fenotipo. Conoscere gli ambiti e gli obiettivi dell'intervento del genetista nella pratica medica, ivi compresa la consulenza genetica ed i test diagnostici applicabili in epoca pre- e post-natale.
Learning verification modality	Written test with open and multiple-choise questions
Extended program	PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF GENETIC MATERIAL IN MAN Part one: Structural aspects • Cytogenetics: Chromosome number and morphology in the human normal karyotype • Numerical and structural chromosome anomalies • Meiotic behaviour and gamete segregation of reciprocal translocation • Chromosome analysis beyond the microscopy resolution: the Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) technique • The Human Genome after sequencing • Different types of germinal mutation, parent sex and age: a possible correlation with male and female gametogenesis • Molecular bases of structural chromosome rearrangements and of copy number variants (CNV) • Epigenetic clues: chromosome X inactivation and genomic imprinting • Uniparental disomy and disorders of imprinting • Mode of transmission of Mendelian traits in man • Main features of mitochondrial DNA and its relevance in matrilinear inheritance Part two: Functional aspects • Phenotypic effects of mutations: molecular explanation of Mendel’s laws • Main principles of medical genetics: pleiotropy, penetrance and genetic heterogeneity • Interaction among genes: epistasis, digenic and polygenic diseases • Environmental effect on gene expression: the multifactorial inheritance Part three: Applications to the medical practice • Genetic counselling and testing • Deafness of genetic origin • Hints of prenatal diagnosis

GENERAL AND APPLIED HYGIEN

Code	GP003919
CFU	1
Teacher	Manuela Chiavarini
Teachers	Manuela Chiavarini
Hours	12 ore - Manuela Chiavarini
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Scienze della prevenzione dei servizi sanitari
Academic discipline	MED/42
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	italian
Contents	Hygiene and Public Health Determinants of health and disease Health promotion and disease prevention. Epidemiology and Health surveillance The nosologic framework of disease within the population Epidemiology and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. Epidemiology and prophylaxis of chronic diseases.Health surveillance.
Reference texts	Barbuti S. et al.: Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, vol. I, Monduzzi Editore, Bologna.
Educational objectives	Provide students with the basic concepts for the correct analysis of the health needs of people, placed in their social context. Recognizing the determinants of health / disease, promote health, starting from primary and secondary prevention.
Teaching methods	face to face
Learning verification modality	test and oral exam
Extended program	Hygiene and public health Determinants of health and illness Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (Primary Prevention, Secondary Prevention, Specific Prevention) The nosological picture of diseases in the populations The Frequency of Diseases: Indicators and Measures The epidemiological methodology: - descriptive epidemiology (mortality, incidence and prevalence studies) - analytical epidemiology (case-control studies, cohort studies) - experimental epidemiology (randomized and controlled experimental studies) Epidemiology and prophylaxis of infectious diseases and chronic-degenerative diseases

GENERAL PATHOLOGY

Code	GP003920
CFU	2
Teacher	Lucia Scaringi
Teachers	Lucia Scaringi
Hours	24 ore - Lucia Scaringi
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	MED/04
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Principles of Immunology. Blood: composition and hematopoiesis.Intrinsic and Extrinsic Causes of Disease. Regressive and Progressive processes. Oncology. Classification of the tumors. Carcinogenesis. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes. Invasive cancer and metastasis. Acute and Chronic inflammation. Physiopathology of: the blood; of the heart and the blood vessel; of respiratory apparatus; of the liver; of the kidney; of endocrine system; Alteration of the thermoregulation.
Reference texts	G.M. Pontieri - Elementi di Patologia Generale - Per i corsi di laurea in professioni sanitarie-(Casa Editrice Piccin, terza edizione)
Educational objectives	The course of General Pathology includes the study of the structural changes which come about in the organism and cause diseases and the changes at molecular, cellular, tissues and organs. In particular the teaching course is aimed at the comprehension by the student: a) the causes (etiology) exogenic, endogenic which result in structural and functional alterations in the organs; b) the molecular and cellular mechanisms (pathogenesis) by which the etiologic agents induce the damage; c) the processes by which the organism responds to the damage, in order to reestablish the previous integral conditions (or a new condition of equilibrium).
Prerequisites	To understand and follow the contents of the teaching course, the knowledge of Biology, Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology is necessary
Teaching methods	Lecture on subjects of the course.
Learning verification modality	Oral examination: is a discussion (of 30 minutes on average), aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge, the property of language, the understanding reached by the student and the ability to integrate and connect the content of the course followed.
Extended program	Principles of immunology -Immune cells and organs. -Functions of immune system cells. -Ipersensitivity diseases (I, II, III, IV type). The blood - Composition, hemopoiesis. Intrinsic Causes of Disease Genetic Pathology -Monogenic autosomic and heterochromosomic diseases. -DNA mutation, mechanisms of DNA repair. -Blood genetic diseases: Thalassemia, Spherocytosis, Depranocytosis, Hemophilia. -Muscular Dystrophya. -Chromosomal Alteration. Numerical and structural alteration of the chromosomes (Down, Turner and Klinefelter syndromes). Extrinsic Causes of Disease -Physical agents. Non ionizing and ionizing radiation. Low and high temperature: freezing and burn. Low and high pressure. Cellular Pathology -The cell: structure and principal functions. -Elementary injury of the cell. Pathology of nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, peroxisome, Golgi apparatus and cell membrane. Regressive processes -Physiological and pathological Atrophy. -Cell death. Necrosis. Gangrene. Outcome of necrotic process. Autolysis post-mortem. Apoptosis. Progressive processes. -Physiological and pathological hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Regenerative process in labile, stable and perennial cells. Molecular Oncology -Classification of the tumors. Characteristics of normal and transformed cell. Metaplasia, Dysplasia, Anaplasia. Benignant and Malignant tumors. Histological classification and morphological features of human tumors. -"In situ" carcinoma. -Carcinogenesis. Epidemiology of tumor. Carcinogenesis: chemical, physical (U.V. and ionizing radiations), viral, environmental. -Molecular basis of the transformed cell. Pathogenetic mechanisms. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes. Control of DNA replication. Mutations. Hereditary tumor diseases. -Angiogenesis in cancer. -Concept of invasive cancer. Metastasis and stage of the cancer. Molecular mechanisms of the metastasis. Metastasis routes. Inflammation -General characteristic and definition of inflammation. Recognition mechanisms of pathogens. Distinctive characters between acute and chronic phlogosis. -Acute exudative phlogosis (Angiophlogosis). The inflammation phases. Plasmatic and tissutal mediators of inflammation. The exudation: different types of exudate. Acute phase proteins. Acute phase cells. The diapedesis, the chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Different types of acute inflammation: serous, serous-fibrinous, fibrinous, catarrhal, purulent, hemorrhagic, necrotic- hemorrhagic and allergic. -Chronic phlogosis. The cells of chronic inflammation. -Chronic inflammation: granulomatosis and interstitial. Structure of granuloma: tuberculoma, rheumatic nodule and foreign body granuloma. -Outcome of inflammatory process. The repair processes and granulation tissue.

GENERAL, CLINICAL AND PEDIATRIC NURSING

Code	GP003921
CFU	1
Teacher	Marco Zucconi
Teachers	Marco Zucconi
Hours	12 ore - Marco Zucconi
Learning activities	Base
Area	Primo soccorso
Academic discipline	MED/45
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Asepsis principles; vital signs and their measurement; first aid elements
Reference texts	Lecture notes from the teacher
Educational objectives	The student must acquire some acquaintances and practical abilities to the basical nursing
Prerequisites	Nobody
Teaching methods	Theoretical lessons and practical training
Learning verification modality	Written test
Extended program	Asepsis principles and safety of health worker; vital signs and their measurement: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, pain; first aid and basic life support