Unit BIOLOGY-PHYSIC AND STATISTICS

Course
Speech and language therapy
Study-unit Code
GP003908
Curriculum
In all curricula
Teacher
Lara Macchioni
CFU
7
Course Regulation
Coorte 2021
Offered
2021/22
Type of study-unit
Obbligatorio (Required)
Type of learning activities
Attività formativa integrata

BIOCHEMISTRY

Code GP003916
CFU 1
Teacher Lara Macchioni
Teachers
  • Lara Macchioni
Hours
  • 12 ore - Lara Macchioni
Learning activities Base
Area Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline BIO/10
Type of study-unit Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction Italian
Contents Chemical bonds. Solutions. Functional groups of organic molecules. Molecules of biological interest. Metabolic pathways. Krebs cycle. Respiratory chain. Oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and aminoacids: the hormonal control of metabolism
Reference texts Biochimica e Biologia per le Professioni Sanitarie - Rita Roberti, Giovanni Alunni Bistocchi, Cinzia Antognelli e Vincenzo Nicola Talesa - Mcgraw-hill Editor
Educational objectives The main aim of this course is to provide students with the knowledge of basic properties of biological systems and of the mechanisms controlling cellular homeostasis.
The main competence will be:
-to evaluate the nature and properties of reagents and solutions usually employed in professional practice;
- to understand the general metabolic behavior in physiopathological conditions.
Prerequisites For an effective understanding of the topics of this integrated course, composed of Biochemistry, Applied biology, Physics and Medical Statistics, the basic knowledge at high school level of Chemistry, Biology, Physics and Statistics is required. In particular, general knowledge of cell structure, atomic structure, simple inorganic and organic molecules structure, and basic concepts of classical physics and statistics, are mandatory.
Teaching methods The course is organized in lectures on all the subjects. Students are stimulated to interact with the teacher during the lectures.
Other information See web site http://www.med.unipg.it/logopedia/
Learning verification modality he exam consists of a written test and/or an oral examination relative to the four modules of the integrated course. The written test, comprising basic questions covering all the topics, aims to assess the minimum basic preparation to face the oral examination. The oral exam aims to assess the level of knowledge of the subjects of the integrated course, and the ability to make connections and to integrate knowledge. The oral exam will also test the student communication skills. The final evaluation takes into account mainly the oral exam.
Extended program PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY. Hints on tomic structure and periodic table of the elements. The chemical bond: omopolar and eteropolar covalent bond, donor-acceptor bond, electrostatic bonds, hydrogen bond. Solutions: concentration units. Osmotic pressure and osmolarity. Physiologic solution. Strong and weak electrolytes, the chemical equilibrium. Acids and bases. The ionic product of water, pH. pH of acid, base, and salt solutions; buffer solutions. Oxidation state of carbon in the organic compounds.
ELEMENTS OF GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY. Carbohydrates. Structure and properties of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The glycosidic bond. Carbohydrates of physiologic significance: glucose, fructose, ribose, saccharose, lactose, starch, cellulose, glycogen.
Lipids. Structure and properties of fatty acids, acylglycerols, phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol. Aminoacids. Proteins: structural organization, classification, functions. Denaturation of proteins. Structure and functions of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Oxygen transport.
ELEMENTS OF DYNAMIC BIOCHEMISTRY. Overview of metabolic pathways: anabolism, catabolism, linear and cyclic pathways. ATP: structure and role in the metabolism. The Krebs cycle. The respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
The metabolism of carbohydrates. Digestion and absorption of sugars. Glycolysis and metabolism of glycogen. The hormonal control of blood glucose (insulin and glucagon).
The metabolism of fats. Digestion, absorption, and storage of dietary lipids. Lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Biosynthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerols. Hormonal control of lipolysis and lipogenesis (insulin and glucagon). The ketone bodies.
The metabolism of proteins and aminoacids. Protein digestion and aminoacid absorption. Transamination and deamination reactions. Ureogenesis. The metabolic fate of aminoacid carbon skeleton.

APPLIED BIOLOGY

Code GP003915
CFU 2
Teacher Cinzia Antognelli
Teachers
  • Cinzia Antognelli
Hours
  • 24 ore - Cinzia Antognelli
Learning activities Base
Area Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline BIO/13
Type of study-unit Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction Italian
Contents Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Flow of genetic information within a biological system and its regulation. Cell cycle and its control. Mutations: types and causes. Reproduction of multicellular living organisms: meiosis and gametogenesis.
Reference texts R. Roberti, G. Alunni Bistocchi, C: Antognelli, VN Talesa. - Biochimica e Biologia per le professioni sanitarie McGrawHill

P. Bonaldo, S. Suga, R. Pierantoni, P. Riva, M.G Romanelli- Biology and Genetics – EdiSES
Educational objectives The aim of the course is the integrated study of the cell and living organisms, with emphasis on the mechanisms involved in: organelles biogenesis and cellular structures, cell-cell interactions, cell-extracellular matrix interactions, DNA duplication, transmission of the genetic information, gene expression, cell proliferation. The ability to learn, relate and integrate one concept to another will be considered fundamental issues in order to facilitate the understanding of the disciplines provided in the subsequent years of the Degree Course.
Prerequisites Basic elements of chemistry
Teaching methods Face-to-face
Other information Site of the teacher:
Nuova sede dei Dipartimenti di Medicina, Edificio B, 4° piano, P.le L Severi 1, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia
Learning verification modality Written and oral examination
Extended program The characteristics of living organisms. Biomolecules: proteins, lipids and glucids (general characteristics). Models of cellular organization: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Viruses: general characteristics. Animal eukaryotic cell. Plasma membrane: structure and functions. The main mechanisms of membrane transport and cellular communication; cytoplasm; ribosomes; rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus; lysosomes; peroxisomes; mitochondria and the energy problem; cytoskeleton (general characteristics), nucleus and nucleolus. DNA and RNA: structure and function. Organization of chromatin, chromosomes. The eukaryotic gene. Gene expression: transcription, maturation of primary transcripts, genetic code, translation. Regulation of gene expression: general characteristics. Cell cycle: interphase, DNA replication, mitosis. Cell cycle control: check-point and CdK-cyclines. Proto-oncogenes, oncogenes and tumor suppressor. Gene mutations (point mutations, missense, nonsense, neutral mutations), genomic mutations (aneuploidy and polyploidy mutations) and chromosomal mutations (deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation). Human normal and pathological karyotype. Heterochromatinization of the X chromosome. Reproduction of multicellular organisms; meiosis and its biological meaning, gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis).

APPLIED PHYSICS

Code GP003918
CFU 2
Teacher Alessandro Paciaroni
Teachers
  • Alessandro Paciaroni
Hours
  • 20 ore - Alessandro Paciaroni
Learning activities Base
Area Scienze propedeutiche
Academic discipline FIS/07
Type of study-unit Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction Italian
Contents Mechanics. Fluids. Heat and basic of thermodynamics. Basic of electromagnetism.
Transmission of signals in the nervous system.
Waves and introduction to acoustics
Reference texts Lectures are available on the Unistudium platform

Davidovits- Fisica per le professioni sanitarie, UTET Università, 2015
Educational objectives To give the basic knowledge of the principles of Physics necessary for understanding the functioning of the main systems that make up the human body.
Prerequisites Basic knowledge of algebra and trigonometry. Basic knowledge in mathematics. Basic notions of biology and basic physics.
Teaching methods Classroom Lectures
Other information Lectures given at Edificio B – Polo Didattico Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia
Learning verification modality Written exam
Extended program The translational movement of bodies
The rotational movement of extended bodies
Relationship between angular and linear motion
Analogies and differences between bikes
translational and rotational
The concepts of work and energy
Forms of energy.

First law of thermodynamics
Difference between heat and other forms of
power
The second principle of
thermodynamics

Basal metabolism.
Heat production: energy from
food

Heat exchanges with
the outside

Circulation physics
Force and pressure in a fluid.
Hydrostatic pressure in the body
human
Pascal's principle
The principle of Archimedes
Surface tension and surfactants

The inviscid fluids and the equation of
Bernoulli
The viscous fluids and the law of Poiseuille
The turbulent flow
Blood circulation
Arterial pressure
Blood flow control
Power produced by the heart ed
energy flow
Measurement of arterial pressure

The diffusion

Basic concepts of electricity

Transmission of signals in the nervous system- cellular potentials and ionic diffusion - generation of rest potential and Nerst's law - cell membrane model for ion exchanges - generation and characteristics of the potential and ipropagation. Extracellular registration of potentials (notes on EMG, EEG and cardiotocography) - physical principles in the detection of ECG - overview of electroprotection.

Waves and introduction to acoustics-waves and their properties: descriptive parameters, propagation in the homogeneous means at the interface -reversion, refraction and diffusion-sound and hearing: hearing and structure of the ear- intensity, sound sensation and their measurement - ranges of perception and audibility curve - notes on phonation and musical acoustics.- light, vision and optical instruments simple geometric optics

MEDICAL STATISTICS

Code GP003917
CFU 2
Teacher Fabrizio Stracci
Teachers
  • Fabrizio Stracci
Hours
  • 20 ore - Fabrizio Stracci
Learning activities Base
Area Scienze propedeutiche
Academic discipline MED/01
Type of study-unit Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction Italian
Contents The basis of scientific investigation
The role of statistic methods in biomedical research
Descriptive statistics
Inferential statistics
Regression models to analyze relationships between variables
Reference texts Primer of biostatistics by Stanton A. Glantz

or

Principles of Biostatistics by Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau
Educational objectives Basic data analysis
Understanding of the role of statistics in medicine
Critical reading of methods and results in published biomedical research
Prerequisites none
Teaching methods Lesson
Practical exercises
Learning verification modality Oral test
Extended program 1. Introduction
1.1 Statistics definitions and scope
1.2 Statistical methods in medical research

2. Data
2.1 Types of variables
2.2 Tabulation and processing of data
2.3 Diagrams
2.4 Descriptive statistics
2.5 Measures of central tendency
2.6 Measures of variability

3. Probability
3.1 Frequentist definition of probability
3.2 Probability distributions
3.3 The normal or Gaussian distribution
3.4 Probability distributions and applications

4. Populations and samples
4.1 Parameters and their estimation
4.2 Sampling

5. Statistical inference
5.1 Point and interval estimation
5.2 Confidence interval for the sample mean
5.3 Significance testing
5.4 Parametric Hypothesis Tests: Student’s t test and Analysis of Variance
5.5 Confidence interval for the difference between two means
5.6 Non-Parametric Hypothesis Tests: chi-squared test
5.7 rank test
6. Regression and correlation
6.1 Regression models
6.2 Linear regression
6.2.1 Linear regression equation: parameters estimation using the ordinary least squares method
6.2.2 Tests of significance in regression
6.2.3 Confidence interval for the linear regression coefficient b
6.3 Correlation
6.4 Critical reading of results from multivariable regression models
6.5 Multivariable modeling, an introduction
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