Unit SEISMIC EXPRESSION OF GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES
- Course
- Geology for energy resources
- Study-unit Code
- A002310
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Giorgio Minelli
- CFU
- 12
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2021
- Offered
- 2021/22
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa integrata
SEISMIC INTERPRETATION
| Code | 55A00019 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 6 |
| Teacher | Giorgio Minelli |
| Teachers |
|
| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Caratterizzante |
| Area | Discipline geologiche e paleontologiche |
| Academic discipline | GEO/03 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | English |
| Contents | The method of seismic reflection in the context of procedures for exploration for and development of oil and gas reserves, the qualitative and quantitative analysis at different scales. Fundamentals of seismic reflection method. Flow procedure of 2D seismic interpretation. Display of the seismic interpretation results. |
| Reference texts | A petroleum Geologist's Guide to seismic reflection by William Ashcroft, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011 Seismic reflection interpretation by M.K.Jemyon and A.A.Fitch, Gebruder Borntraeger, 2nd ed. 1985 AAPG Studies in Geology #27, vol.2, Seismic expression of structural styles. A.E. BALLY, 1987 AAPG Studies in Geology #27, vol.1: Atlas of Seismic Stratigraphy, A. W. Bally, 1987. AAPG Studies in Geology #27, vol.1: Atlas of Seismic Stratigraphy, A. W. Bally, 1987. https://seismicinterpretation.weebly.com/index.html |
| Educational objectives | The course aims to provide students with the basic principles of the interpretation of seismic reflection profiles. The main knowledge gained will be: draw the the most significant seismic horizons, identify seismic sequences (seismic stratigraphy) and characterize the seismic facies (seismic facies), identify possible relationships between the tecto-sedimentary environments and their evolution over time. The main skills (ie the ability to apply their knowledge) will be: interpret the 2D seismic data to reconstruct the geological evolution of an area. Identify possible prospects. Reconstruct maps of the underground in times and depths from seismic data and well. Calibrate the seismic lines with synthetic seismograms. |
| Prerequisites | In order to understand and be able to profitably apply the techniques described in the teaching it is very important students know the basic concepts of sedimentology, structural geology and applied geophysics, of the latter, in particular, methods of seismic reflection and potential methods (gravimetry and magnetometry). |
| Teaching methods | The course is organized in lectures and at the end of each topic are carried out practical lessons in which they apply and, if necessary, repeat the concepts developed in the lectures. All classes are conducted on a real case. In lectures it makes extensive use of audiovisual media. |
| Other information | For meeting and requests please use the following email GIORGIO.MINELLI@UNIPG.IT |
| Learning verification modality | The final tests are written and are organized as scheduled examinations. All the written test consists in the solution of problems of seismic interpretation offered in 3 groups with coefficients from 1 to 3. The test has a maximum duration of 120 minutes and is designed to test the ability to correctly apply the theoretical knowledge and understanding issues proposals. The measurement of the final test is performed by calculating the sum of the results of individual questions multiplied by the coefficients 1,2,3. |
| Extended program | 1) The method of seismic reflection in the context of procedures for exploration for and development of oil and gas reserves, qualitative and quantitative analysis, different targets at different scales 2) Fundamentals of seismic reflection: Raypath (Snell's law), the characters of the waveform, speed of seismic waves in the rocks in liquids and gases, static and dynamic corrections, migration, noise, vertical resolution, horizontal resolution, the signal to noise ratio, reflection coefficient. 3) Seismic 2D, 3D, 4D, acquisition on land, acquisition offshore, receivers and geometries, costs 4) Data processing of seismic reflection: general noise suppression and image enhancement techniques seismic, DHI, AVO and seismic attributes. 5) Flow of the 2D seismic interpretation procedure: anatomy of the seismic line (how to get informations from the seismic line), base map, procedure of piking reflector, seismic facies, seismic stratigraphy, remaind concepts of sequence stratigraphy, pittfals and artifacts, synthetic seismograms, conversion in depth, quantitative characterization of the reservoir and trap. 6) Results seismic interpretation: map generation of contours (time and depth) |
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
| Code | GP001060 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 6 |
| Teacher | Giorgio Minelli |
| Teachers |
|
| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Caratterizzante |
| Area | Discipline geologiche e paleontologiche |
| Academic discipline | GEO/03 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | English |
| Contents | 1. Introduction; 2) Strain; 3) Stress; 4) Rock Mechanics; 5) rocks and fault zones; 6) structural associations of extensional tectonics. 7) structural associations of compressional tectonics. 8) structural associations of wrench tectonics. 9) structural associations of inversion tectonics. 10) stereonet, reading geological maps, geological sections balanced restoration. |
| Reference texts | Structural Geology by Haakon Fossen Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions, 2nd Edition by George H. Davis, Stephen J. Reynolds, C. Kluth; Structural Geology, by Robert J. Twiss, Eldridge M. Moores; |
| Educational objectives | The course aims is to provide students with the basic principles of structural geology applied to oil exploration and development of deposits of oil and gas: the course deals with the problems of structural geology through three basic steps: a) quantitative study and analysis of geometry, b) qualitative and quantitative study and analysis of the kinematics, c) quantitative study and anlysis of mechanics and dynamics. All these topics applied to the problems of HI exploration. It will be also address the study of fractured reservoirs and fault seal / migration . The course explains the basic principles of the main balancing software / restoring (3DMove) applied to real cases. |
| Prerequisites | In order to understand and be able to profitably apply the techniques described in the teaching it is very important students know the basic concepts of geology, of the sedimentology and of geological mapping. |
| Teaching methods | The course is organized in lectures and at the end of each topic are carried out practical sessions in which the students apply the concepts developed in the lectures. All classes are conducted on a real case with particular reference to the petroleum geology. In lectures it makes extensive use of audiovisual media. |
| Other information | For meeting and request use the following email GIORGIO.MINELLI@UNIPG.IT |
| Learning verification modality | The final tests are written and are organized as scheduled examinations during the course will be carried out at least two written verification tests to ascertain the level of knowledge and understanding reached by the student. All the written test consists in the solution of problems of seismic interpretation offered in 3 groups with coefficients from 1 to 3. The test has a maximum duration of 120 minutes and is designed to test the ability to correctly apply the theoretical knowledge and understanding issues proposals. The measurement of the final test is performed by calculating the sum of the results of individual questions multiplied by the coefficients 1,2,3.multiple choise answers exams |
| Extended program | Stress and strain in rocks; the relationship between stress and strain; the real and ideal behavior of the rocks; the theory of fracturing; the Mohr circle; shear zones and structural asscoiations; the faults and the stress field; the brittle and semi-brittle shear zones; relations between folds and fractures; s; relations between folds and faults and the migration of HI; kinematic indicators; tectonic structures in the different geodynamic environments, stereographic projections; balanced geological sections and retrodeformatione. Structural associations in different geodynamic environments and at different scales. |