Unit URBAN HYDRAULICS
- Course
- Building engineering and architecture
- Study-unit Code
- 70CU8610
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Renato Morbidelli
- CFU
- 10
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2020
- Offered
- 2022/23
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa integrata
HYDRAULICS
| Code | 70016005 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 5 |
| Teacher | Caterina Capponi |
| Teachers |
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| Hours |
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| Learning activities | Affine/integrativa |
| Area | Attività formative affini o integrative |
| Academic discipline | ICAR/01 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | Basic differential equations for fluids Fluid Statics Inviscid fluids Finite control volume analysis Viscous liquids Short pipes: analysis of functioning conditions Long pipes in uniform flow Open channel flow in steady-state conditions Flow through porous media (basics) |
| Reference texts | As often happens in Italy, the used textbooks are in Italian. Foreign students should contact the teaching staff about the most suitable textbooks in English. |
| Educational objectives | The course of IDRAULICA is the first one concerning water resources. Its main aim is to provide students with the basic analytical tools to analyze quantitatively flow processes. In such a context, both the local (by means of differential equations) and global approach will be followed. Particularly, the continuity equation and the momentum equations will be derived from the fundamental eqautions of Physics, as relaible tools for engineers. Moreover, attention will be paid to empirical relationships that are used for solving practical problems of the hydraulic engineering. For each empirical relationship, the range of validity will be pointed out. Great attention will be devoted to 1-D models which are the hearh of IDRAULICA with respect to Fluid Mechanics. The main competence will be: - to use the proper approach (local, global, 1-D modeling); - to analyze the given problem selecting data and unknowns properly; - to solve implicit equations (e.g. the friction formulas) reliably; - to use EPANET code and make practice with AQUALIBRIUM. |
| Prerequisites | In order to be able to understand and apply most of the topics explained during the course, you must have successfully passed the Meccanica Razionale and Analisi II courses. Particularly you should be familiar with continuous functions, limits, derivatives, and simple and double integrals. |
| Teaching methods | The course is organized as follows: - lectures on all the topics of the course; - exercises about all the practical topics discussed during the course; - laboratory tets at the Water Engineering Laboratory of the Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale (http://www.ing1.unipg.it/laboratori/sede-principale/laboratorio-di-ingegneria-delle-acque) about open channel flow and pressure pipe systems; - EPANET short course (http://epanet.de/) and AQUALIBRIUM competition (http://www.aqualibriumcompetition.net/joomla/) coupled. For all topics, the strong links between theory and practical engineering problems are pointed out. |
| Other information | Tests wil be executed at the Water Engineering Laboratory of the Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale. |
| Learning verification modality | With regard to the modality of the exam, you have the following two options: two-steps exam: within such a modality, the exams consists in two phases. The first phase happens immediately during the lessons’ break in November and the second phase is at the end of the course (in December or in January): they are written exams (usually three questions and available time: 1.5 hours for each exam). The first exam concerns the topics explained during the first part (from basic differential equations for fluids to short pipes) with an exercise on fluid statics or on short pipes; the second exam concerns the topics explained during the second part of the course (from long pipes to flow through porous media). unique-step exam: within such a modality, the exam consists in an oral test, with a duration of about 1 hour, which includes four questions about all the topics explained during the course and an exercise about one of the practical topics discussed during the whole course. Within both the modalities, your communication skill and autonomy in the organization and exposure of the topics will be tested. A problem concerning hydrostatics, steady-state flow in pressurized pipes, and steady-state flow in open channels has to be solved numerically to be admitted to the oral exam. |
| Extended program | Basic differential equations for fluids Some characteristics and properties of fluids and liquids. Stresses. Cauchy's theorem. Newton's law and Newtonian fluids. State equation. Kinematics of fluids. Lagrangian and Eulerian approach. Flow field description. Continuity equation. Newton's second law and fluid dynamics equation. Fluid Statics Basic equation for pressure field. Stevin's law. Hydrostatic pressure behavior. Hydrostatic force on a plane surface. Mariotte's formula. Problems. Inviscid fluids Euler's equation. Bernoulli theorem. Gradually varied flows. Venturi principle. Bernoulli theorem for a gradually varied flow. Finite control volume analysis Continuity equation. Continuity equation for a flow. Momentum equation. The energy equation and the Bernoulli equation. Problems. Viscous liquids Bernoulli equation for viscous liquid flows. Reynolds pipe flow experiments: laminar and turbulent flows. Darcy - Weisbach equation and friction losses (Moody chart, Poiseuille equation, Blasius equation, Colebrook-White equation. Swamee-Jain equation). Short pipes: analysis of functioning conditions Sudden expansion of a pressurised flow: the Borda equation. Minor losses (inlets, valves, bends, outlets,...). Hydraulic grade line. Short and long pipes. Problems. Long pipes in uniform flow Design and analysis of functioning conditions (branched and looped systems). Pumping stations. EPANET. Problems. Open channel flow Characteristics of open channel flow with respect to pressurised flow. Uniform depth channel flow. Gradually varied flow. Hydraulic jump. Problems. Flow through porous media The Darcy law. Well in artesian and phreatic aquifer. Pumping tests. |
URBAN HYDRAULIC CONSTRUCTION
| Code | 70CU8605 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 5 |
| Teacher | Renato Morbidelli |
| Teachers |
|
| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Affine/integrativa |
| Area | Attività formative affini o integrative |
| Academic discipline | ICAR/02 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | 1. HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE AND BASIC HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES 2.WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 3. SEWER SYSTEMS |
| Reference texts | •G. BECCIU, A. PAOLETTI, Esercitazioni di costruzioni idrauliche, CEDAM, Padova, 1999; •L. DA DEPPO, C. DATEI, Fognature, Cortina, Padova, 2004; •G. IPPOLITO, Appunti di costruzioni idrauliche, Liguori Editore, Napoli, 2000 ; •R. K. LINSLEY, J. B. FRANZINI, D. L. FREYBERG, G. TCHOBANOGLOUS, Water resources engineering, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1992; •L. MAYS, Y. K. TOUNG, Hydrosystems engineering and management, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1992; •Didactic material available in APE-LEARNING or UNISTUDIUM website |
| Educational objectives | The course examines the main hydrological processes as the rainfall formation, the effective rainfall and the direct runoff generation, and provides means to measure and estimate the quantities of most interest in the design of hydraulic infrastructures. The course examines also water distribution systems and sewer systems. The main expected learning results will be: •knowledge and understanding of hydrological cycle and key hydrological processes, measurement techniques of the main involved variables, basic methods for estimating effective rainfall (SCS-CN method) and direct hydrograph (lumped and semi-distributed approaches), direct and indirect stochastic methods to estimate design discharge, water distribution systems, sewer systems. •skill to select and apply measurement techniques of the main hydrological quantities, proper basic modeling in order to represent the main components of the hydrological cycle as infiltration process and runoff generation, appropriate approach in estimating flood frequency and design variables, skill to select and design water distribution systems and sewer systems. |
| Prerequisites | In order to understand and to apply the most important concepts discussed in the course is: -necessary that the student has already passed the end of course exams of Mathematical Analysis 2 and Rational Mechanics and Statics; - appropriate that the student knows topics involved in Geometry and General Physics courses. In particular, it is necessary that the student is familiar with: the concepts of continuous function, limit, derivative and integral (simple, surface and volume)-not only from the mathematics point of view, but especially from that of mechanics-exponential and trigonometric functions, fundamental equations of mechanics (principle of conservation of mass, Newton's equation and theorem of momentum). With reference to numerical applications, which constitute an important part of the course, the student must be able to solve equations numerically using the most basic techniques of numerical analysis. |
| Teaching methods | The course is organized in: •Face-to-face lessons; •Practical training. |
| Other information | Sample constituted by 395 students. Average grade: 26.51/30; standard deviation: 3.01/30. Percentage of students who obtained an exam mark included in the range 18 - 21 7.6% 22 - 24 13.7 % 25 - 27 37.4 % 28 - 30 34.7 % 30 cum laude 6.6 % |
| Learning verification modality | The exam of the course consists of an oral discussion The oral exam is directed to check out the knowledge level over the course contents related to Municipal Water Systems, the ability to apply the studied models and techniques and the ability to select the proper methodology by self-judgement. Furthermore, the oral exam has also the objective to evaluate communication skills and the usage of an appropriate language about the theoretical and practical subjects of the course. The grade of the exam is certified with the local grade system, which is a number on a scale from 18 to 30. |
| Extended program | The course deals with the basic hydrological processes as the rainfall formation, the effective rainfall and the direct runoff generation, and describes measurement techniques of the main hydrological variables and methods for estimating hydrological variables and to design hydraulic infrastructures. The course is organized in different units as follows: Hydrological cycle. Water distribution systems: urban demand of water; water supply sources; calibration and test of water distribution systems and hydraulic networks; pipes characteristics; valves, tees, bends and reducers; tanks, siphons; pumps and pumping stations, transient control (air chamber); technical norms of water distribution systems. Sewer systems: hydraulic design of storm sewers and of wastewater sewers; side-overflow weirs, pumping stations. |