Unit PHYSICS II
- Course
- Industrial engineering
- Study-unit Code
- 70081206
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Francesco Cottone
- Teachers
-
- Francesco Cottone
- Hours
- 54 ore - Francesco Cottone
- CFU
- 6
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2022
- Offered
- 2022/23
- Learning activities
- Base
- Area
- Fisica e chimica
- Academic discipline
- FIS/01
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
- The course of Physics 2 collects the fundamental laws of electro-magnetism and it’s divided in two main parts.
In the first part, it includes the main concepts of electrical charge, Coulomb interaction, Electric field and simple circuits.
In the second part, the course regards the charges in motion as source of magnetic field, le laws of electromagnetic induction, le interaction forces between electrical currents up to the synthesis of Maxwell equations in integral form. - Reference texts
- D. Halliday, R.Resnick, J. Walker. Fondamenti di Fisica. Electromagnetism, Optics - Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.
Tipler, Mosca - Corso di Fisica 2 - Electricity Magnetism, Optics - Zanichelli;
Any other basic University textbook on General Physics on Electromagnetism.
Lecture notes of the teacher on Unistudium website and personal website: https://sites.google.com/site/cottonefra/teaching - Educational objectives
- Acquisition of basic knowledge of the concepts of electric charge, electrostatic interaction, electric field and potential, currents, magnetic fields, induction laws and Maxwell equations.
Ability in connecting physical laws to real-world scientific and technological applications.
Ability to understand the main physical phenomena and to know how to interpret them with the fundamental laws.
Ability to solve basic exercises and problems. - Prerequisites
- For a better understanding of the topics covered and their application to concrete examples, students must be familiar with:
- Algebra, Trigonometry,
- differential and integral calculus
- vector calculation
- fundamentals of General Physics I. Kinematics and dynamics of the material point, conservative forces and potential energy. - Teaching methods
- Lectures, classroom exercises, in-depth seminars, small table-top experiments if possible otherwise experiments in virtual laboratories and / or online videos of experiments.
- Other information
- Although not mandatory, the frequency of lessons and exercises is strongly recommended.
In the case of online lessons and exams on the MS Teams platform, refer to the university guide - Learning verification modality
- Only written test and subsequent oral test at the end of the course.
Written test:
1) duration: 2 hours, at the end of the course.
2) typology: it consists in carrying out 3 physical exercises, each exercise is assigned a score of 10 points which contributes to the final evaluation out of a total of 30 points. The oral exam is entered with a score of at least 15/30.
3) objectives: aims to assess the ability to apply the main concepts of the course in order to solve basic problems.
Oral exam
1) duration: maximum 1 hour.
2) typology: it consists first of all in the discussion of the written document with particular attention to the exercises not carried out and / or with errors. A topic of the course is then asked to be described and detailed with demonstrations and applications to phenomena.
3) objectives: aims to ascertain the degree of knowledge and mastery of the fundamental concepts and in the application of the same in physics problems.
For information on support services for students with disabilities and / or DSA visit the page http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa - Extended program
- 1. Introduction.
Introduction to electromagnetism, historical notes. The quantized electric charge, conservation of the charge.
2. Electrical properties of materials.
Coulomb's law, parallel with the law of Universal Gravitation. Classification of materials for electrical properties. Insulators, conductors and semiconductors. Introduction to semiconductor applications (examples: LED diode, transistor).
3. Electric fields.
The electric field generated by a point charge. Electric field from a charge distribution. Electric dipole. Field generated by a ring and a uniformly loaded disk.
4. Gauss theorem and electric dipole.
Dipole in an electric field. Torque. Vector field flow. Gauss theorem. Applications of the Gauss law. Gauss's law and Coulomb's law. Insulated load conductor, field generated by: an infinite flat conductor, two conductive plates, spherical symmetry conductor.
5. Potential energy and electrical potential.
Faraday cage. Electric potential energy. Electrical potential. Potential difference. Engine work and hard work. Radial electric field. Potential in a uniform electric field between two conductive plates. Electric field of N point charges, superposition principle. Electric dipole potential. Electric capacity. Potential due to a point charge and a discrete set of point charges. Electric dipole potential. Torque and potential energy of a dipole immersed in a field. Electrical capacity of a charged conductor.
6. Capacitors.
Flat face condenser, cylindrical condenser, spherical condenser. Series and parallel capacitors. Electrostatic energy. Energy stored in an electric field. Energy density. Capacitor in the presence of dielectric. Examples of polar (water) and non-polar dielectrics.
7. Electric current and resistance.
Definition of electric current. Microscopic interpretation of current in a conductor. Drift speed and current density. Electrical resistance and resistivity. Brief reference to semiconductor and superconducting materials.
8. The electrical circuits.
First and second Ohm's law. Microscopic aspects. Electrical circuits, definition of branches, knots and meshes. Solving methods of electrical circuits. Kirchhoff's first and second law. Applications of Kirchhoff's laws. Voltage and current divider. Real and ideal voltage generator. Work and electrical power. The Joule effect. Charge and discharge of a capacitor.
9. The magnetic field and interactions with electric charges.
Magnetic field sources. The Lorentz force. Motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field. Thomson experiment and measurement of the mass ratio on charge. Motion of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field. Motion of a charged particle with oblique velocity with respect to the magnetic field. Helical motion. The Hall Effect. The cyclotron. Wire run by electric current in a magnetic field, Laplace's law. Coil with current immersed in a magnetic field.
10. Magnetic dipole moment.
Torque and potential energy of a magnetic dipole in the field. Parallel with the electric dipole. Moment of a permanent magnet. The electric motor. Ampère equivalence principle.
11. Magnetic fields generated by currents.
The law of Biot-Savart. Magnetic field generated by an infinite rectilinear wire. Force exerted by two rectilinear wires running or current. Ampère's law and its applications. Magnetic field generated by a current path arc. Field inside a circular spire. Ampère circuit law. Magnetic field outside and inside a current-carrying wire. Magnetic field inside a solenoid.
12. Electromagnetic induction.
Faraday-Neumann's law, Lenz's law. Induction experiments, moving magnet, moving wire on a fixed magnetic field. Calculation of the force generated in opposition to the movement, calculation of the power generated and of the thermal power dissipated on a resistive load. Induced electric field. Faraday's generalized law. Inductors and inductances. Definition of inductance. Inductance in a solenoid. Resolution of the RL circuit.
13. Maxwell equations and magnetic properties of matter.
Ferromagnetic, paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials. Maxwell equations, the displacement current. Classical coil model of magnetic dipoles in the material. Magnetic orbital and spin moment of the electron. Bohr's magneton. Introduction to quantum magnetic moments.