Unit IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY

Course: Medicine and surgery
Study-unit Code: GP005545
Curriculum: In all curricula
CFU: 6
Course Regulation: Coorte 2021
Offered: 2022/23
Type of study-unit: Obbligatorio (Required)
Type of learning activities: Attività formativa integrata

IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY - MOD. 1

Code	GP005588
CFU	4
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Patologia generale e molecolare, immunopatologia, fisiopatologia generale, microbiologia e parassitologia
Academic discipline	MED/04
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

Cognomi A-L

CFU

Teacher

Teresa Zelante

Teachers

Teresa Zelante

Hours

50 ore - Teresa Zelante

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

ORGANIZATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: cellular and soluble components. INNATE IMMUNITY: pattern recognition receptors for pathogens; effector mechanisms and inflammatory response; Natural Killer cells; the complement system. IMMUNOGLOBULINS: molecular structure; genetic basis of structure; functions. B LYMPHOCYTE DEVELOPMENT: stages of B cell maturation; molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of diversity of the B cell repertoire. ANTIGEN RECOGNITION BY T LYMPHOCYTES: the major histocompatibility complex (MHC); antigen processing and presentation to T lymphocytes; T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and genetic basis of its structure. MATURATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES: phases of T cell maturation; generation of diversity of the T cell repertoire; thymic selection processes. ACTIVATION OF B AND T LYMPHOCYTES: effector mechanisms of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSES: induction of immune responses in vivo; pathways and mechanisms of lymphocyte recirculation and homing. IMMUNOLOGIC TOLERANCE: mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance.

Reference texts

- Abbas A.K., Lichtman A.H., Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 9th Edition, 2018, Edra Editor.
- Murphy K., Weaver C. Janeway’ s Immunobiology. 9th Edition, 2019, Piccin Editor.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student should know and understand the physiologic (cellular and molecular) mechanisms that regulate the functions of the immune system and mediate the immune responses. Specifically, the student should know the cells, the tissues, the organs and the molecular structures of the immune system and understand their integrated function in the defense against pathogens.

Prerequisites

In order to be able to understand the contents of the Immunology and Immunopathology Course, the student must possess knowledge of Cellular and Molecular Biology (indispensable), Biochemistry (indispensable), Genetics (important), Anatomy (useful), Histology (useful).

Teaching methods

Frontal lessons on all the topics of the Course, with presentation and discussion of slides.

Other information

Schedule of the lessons and exams: The schedule of the lessons and exams is posted on the Course website http://www.med.unipg.it/ccl/
Consulting hours and location: By appointment through e-mail. Teaching room, Building B, 4th Floor, Medicine and Surgery Course, Polo Scientifico Didattico di Terni, Via C. Mazzieri N. 3, Terni.

For students with disabilities see the website http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa

Learning verification modality

The final exam is in an oral form and covers both the teaching modules. It will consist of an interview lasting about 30 minutes, with three questions on the entire program of the Course of Immunology and Immunopathology. The exam will be aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge and the ability to understand the contents of the course, as well as the ability of knowledge synthesis and integration, reached by the student. The oral exam will also verify the student's ability of communication and speaking with an autonomous language.

Extended program

ORGANIZATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: Properties of the innate and adaptive immunity. Cellular and soluble components of the immune system. Anatomy and functions of lymphoid organs and tissues. Hematopoiesis. INNATE IMMUNITY: Cellular and soluble components of the innate immune system. Pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system. Role of innate immunity in local and systemic defense against microbes: effector functions of the innate immune responses. Inflammatory response. Role of innate immunity in stimulating adaptive immune responses. NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS: Phenotypic and functional features of NK cells. Recognition of infected or tumor cells by NK cells: activating and inhibitory receptors of NK cells. Effector functions of NK cells: direct and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM: Components of the complement system. Pathways of complement activation: the classical pathway, the alternative pathway and the lectin pathway. Receptors for complement proteins. Regulation of complement activation. Biological functions of complement proteins. CYTOKINES: General properties of cytokines. Cytokine receptors and signal transduction. Functional classification of cytokines. Cytokines that mediate and regulate innate immunity. Cytokines that mediate and regulate specific immunity. Cytokines that stimulate hematopoiesis. Chemokines: classification, receptors and biological activity. IMMUNOGLOBULINS (Ig): Molecular structure of Ig. Structural features of the variable regions of Ig and their relationship to antigen binding. Structural features of the constant regions of Ig and their relationship to effector functions. Characteristics of antigen-antibody interactions. Genetic basis of Ig structure: organization of Ig germ-line genes; rearrangement and expression of Ig genes. Molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of antibody diversity. Ig classes and their biological activities. B LYMPHOCYTE DEVELOPMENT: Stages of B cell maturation. Molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of diversity of the B cell repertoire. Mechanisms controlling the autoreactivity of immature B lymphocytes. Acquisition of functional competence. Follicular B cells, B-1 cells and marginal zone B cells. THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC): Role of MHC in the immune responses. Organization of class I and class II MHC genes. Structure, function, cellular distribution and regulation of class I and class II MHC molecule expression. Characteristics of peptide-MHC interactions. Structural basis of peptide binding to MHC molecules. ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION TO T LYMPHOCYTES: Characteristics of antigens recognized by T lymphocytes. The MHC-restricted antigen recognition by T lymphocytes. Role of accessory cells in T cell activation. Processing of extracellular and endogenous protein antigens. Association of processed peptides with MHC molecules and presentation to T lymphocytes. Physiological significance of MHC-associated antigen presentation. T CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR (TCR): Structural and biochemical characteristics of the aß TCR. Role of the aß TCR in the recognition of peptide-MHC complexes. Genetic basis of the aß TCR structure: organization of germ-line genes; rearrangement and expression of genes. Molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of the aß TCR diversity. Proteins of T lymphocyte receptor complex (TCR complex). T cell accessory molecules. MATURATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES Role of the thymus in T cell maturation. Stages of T lymphocyte maturation. Generation of diversity of the T cell repertoire. Thymic selection processes for MHC-restricted and self-tolerant aß T cells. Development and functions of ¿d T lymphocytes. Development and functions of NK-T cells. ACTIVATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES AND EFFECTOR MECHANISMS OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY: Phases of T cell responses. T cell clonal expansion. Molecular and biochemical events in the signal transduction by the TCR complex. Differentiation of CD4+ T cells into different subsets of helper T (TH) cells, TH1, TH2 and TH17. Role of cytokines in the differentiation and functions of the different T subsets. T cell-mediated activation of macrophages and development of inflammatory response. Differentiation of CD8+ T cells into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Effector functions of CTL: mechanisms and mediators involved in CTL-mediated cytotoxicity. B LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION AND ANTIBODY PRODUCTION: Characteristics of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Components of the BCR complex. Antigen recognition by the BCR and phases of B cell activation. Molecular and biochemical events in the signal transduction by BCR complex. Mechanisms of T cell-dependent antiboby response to protein antigens. B lymphocytes as antigen presenting cells. B cell activation by TH lymphocytes: role of cytokines and costimulatory molecules. Reactions in the germinal centers: heavy chain class (isotype) switching, affinity maturation and memory B cell generation. Antibody responses to T cell-independent antigens. Regulation of antibody response. FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSES: In vivo induction of immune responses. Immune responses in the lymph nodes and spleen. Pathways and mechanisms of lymphocyte recirculation and homing. IMMUNE DEFENCE AGAINST INFECTIONS: Characteristics of immune responses to microorganisms. Evasion of immune mechanisms by microorganisms. Strategies for vaccine development. IMMUNOLOGIC TOLERANCE: Features of self-tolerance. Mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance of B and T lymphocytes.

Cognomi M-Z

CFU

Teacher

Emanuela Rosati

Teachers

Emanuela Rosati

Hours

50 ore - Emanuela Rosati

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

-Study of receptors, cells, tissues and organs of the immune system.
-Study at cellular and molecular level the mechanisms of the immune responses and their role in defense against pathogens.

Reference texts

Abbas A.K., Lichtman A.H., Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. Nine Edition, 2018, Edra Editor.
Murphy K., Weaver C.. Janeway's Immunobiology of Janeway. Nine edition, 2019. Piccin Editor.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course the student must demonstrate that they have acquired knowledge about the physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune responses in defense against pathogens. In particular, the student should know: 1) the cells, tissues, organs and molecular structures that constitute the immune system; 2) the molecular events of immune response to microorganisms and their integrated function.

Prerequisites

Teaching methods

Lessons face-to-face in Classrooms on the topics of the course of Immunology and Immunopathology (MOD.1) with projections and discussion of illustrative slides.

Other information

The start and end time of the lessons, the venue for the lessons and the exam schedule are published on the Degree Course website:
http://www.med.unipg.it/ccl
Time and location of the student reception: The teacher receives students by appointment which will be agreed by e-mail: katia.fettucciari@unipg.it, or by phone:0755858124. The reception will take place in the teacher's office located in Building B - fourth floor of the Department of Medicine and Surgery, San Sisto-Perugia
For information on support services for students with disabilities and / or SLD, visit the page: https://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa

Learning verification modality

The final exam is in an oral form and it covers all two modules of teaching.
It will consist of an interview lasting about 25-30 minutes, and will be based on three questions that will focus on the entire program of the Immunology and Immunopathology Course. The exam will be aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge and the ability to understand the contents of the course, as well as the ability of knowledge synthesis and integration, reached by the student. The oral exam will also verify the student's ability of communication and autonomous exposure.

Extended program

-GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM-
Innate and adaptative immune responses. General characteristics and effector mechanisms of adaptative immune responses. Phases of adaptative immune response.
-CELLS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM-
Phagocytes, neutrophil, mastocytes, basophil, eosinophil, dendritic cells, Natural-killer cells (NK), lymphocytes.
-TISSUES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM-
Anatomy and function of lymphoid tissues: bone marrow, thymus, lymphonodes, spleen, immune system associated with the skin, immune system associated with the mucosa.
-INNATE IMMUNITY-
General characteristics of innate immunity. Receptors of innate immune system. Cellular and humoral components of innate immunity. Effector mechanisms of innate responses. Inflammatory response. Antiviral response. Activation of adaptative immune response. NK cells and mechanisms of cytotoxicity.
-CYTOKINES-
General characteristics. Cytokines receptors. Molecular mechanisms of signal transduction by cytokine receptors. Functional classification: cytokines that mediate and regulate innate immunity (TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-alfa and IFN-beta), cytokines that mediate and regulate adaptive immunity (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-10, TGF-beta), cytokines that mediate and regulate hematopoiesis. Chemokines and receptors.
-IMMUNOGLOBULIN-
Molecular structure of antibodies. Antibody-Antigen interaction. Relationship structure and function in antibodies. Classes and biological activities of Immunoglobulins. Functions of antibodies: antibodies as a membrane receptor for antigen of B Lymphocytes. Isotype-Specific functions of antibodies; Antigen Neutralization; Complement Activation; Opsonization and Phagocytosis, Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity.
-COMPLEMENT SYSTEM-
Components of Complement. Activation of Complement: Classical Pathway, Lectin Pathway and Alternative Pathway. Proteins that regulate Complement activation. Receptors for proteins of Complement. Biological Functions of Complement.
-MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC)-
Genomic organization of MHC genes. Structure, function, cellular distribution and regulation of the expression of MHC class I and MHC class II Molecules. Characteristics of the interaction of peptides with MHC molecules.
-ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION TO T LYMPHOCYTES-
Characteristics of antigens recognized by T lymphocytes. Antigen-Presenting Cells (APC). Role of APC in the activation of T lymphocytes. Cell biology of antigen processing. Mechanisms of exogenous antigen processing and presentation in association with MHC of class II molecules to CD4+ T lymphocytes. Mechanisms of endogenous antigen processing and presentation in association with MHC of class I molecules to CD8+ T lymphocytes. Physiological significance of antigen presentation in association with the MHC.
-RECEPTOR FOR ANTIGEN OF T LYMPHOCYTE (TCR)-
Structure and function of TCRalpha/beta and TCRgamma/delta. Structure and function of: CD3 and Zeta proteins; coreceptors CD4 and CD8; costimulatory and inhibitory receptors (CD28, CTLA-4 and PD1).
-MATURATION OF B LYMPHOCYTES AND EXPRESSION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES–
Genomic organization, rearrangement and expression of Immunoglobulin genes. Mechanisms of generation of Immunoglobulin diversity: VDJ recombination; mechanisms of VDJ recombination; combinatory diversity; junctional diversity. Stages of maturation of B lymphocytes: rearrangement and expression of Immunoglobulin in differentiation phases. Selection of the antibody repertoire. Coexpression of IgM and IgD. Follicular B lymphocytes, lymphocytes B1, lymphocytes of marginal zone of spleen.
-MATURATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES AND EXPRESSION OF TCR GENES–
Genomic organization, rearrangement and expression of genes of TCRalpha/beta and TCRgamma/delta. Mechanisms of generation of diversity of TCRalpha/beta: VDJ recombination; mechanisms of VDJ recombination; combinatory diversity; junctional diversity. Stages of differentiation of T cell with TCRalpha/beta: rearrangement and expression of TCR in different stages of differentiation; expression of accessory molecules. Processes of positive selection in the thymus. Processes of negative selection in the thymus: development of tolerance to self. Development of lymphocytes T regulatory.
-CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE-
Migration of antigen presenting cells (APC) and of naive T lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs. Antigen recognition. Cellular interactions and priming of naive T cells. Signal transduction. Activation and differentiation of T helper lymphocyte subpopulations (Th) (Th1, Th2, Th17, and and T regulatory): Role and functions of cytokines involved. Macrophage activation by Th1 and effector functions of Th1. Eosinophil activation by IgE and effector functions of Th2. Effector functions of Th17. Activation, differentiation and effector functions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Mechanisms of cytotoxicity.
-HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE-
Antigen recognition and antigen induced activation of B Lymphocytes. Signal transduction. Sequence of events in T cell dependent antibody response. Characteristics, differentiation and functions of Th follicular in activation of B lymphocytes. Interactions and signals between T cells and B cells. Stages of differentiation of follicular T helper lymphocytes and functions in the humoral response. Germinal center reactions: i) heavy chain isotype switching and molecular mechanisms that regulate isotype switching; ii) maturation of affinity: somatic mutations, molecular mechanisms that regulate somatic ipermutations, and B cell selection in follicle; iii) differentiation of effector and memory B lymphocytes. Antibody response to thymus-independent antigens.

IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY - MOD. 2

Code	GP005589
CFU	2
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Patologia generale e molecolare, immunopatologia, fisiopatologia generale, microbiologia e parassitologia
Academic discipline	MED/04
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

Cognomi A-L

CFU

Teacher

Katia Fettucciari

Teachers

Katia Fettucciari

Hours

25 ore - Katia Fettucciari

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND PATHOLOGY: alterations of the immune response in the hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmunity; examples of human pathologies. TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY. IMMUNITY TO TUMORS.

Reference texts

- Abbas A.K., Lichtman A.H., Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 9th Edition, 2018, Edra Editor.

- Murphy K., Weaver C. Janeway’ s Immunobiology. 9th Edition, 2019, Piccin Editor.

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, the student should know and understand the physiopathologic mechanisms (cellular and molecular) underlying the alterations of the immune response in the different types of hypersensitivity diseases and autoimmunity. Specifically, the student should be able to associate the effector immune mechanisms to the various pathologic situations. The student should also know and understand the role of immune system in the allograft rejection and in the control of tumors.

Prerequisites

Teaching methods

Frontal lessons on all the topics of the Course, with presentation and discussion of slides.

Other information

Schedule of the lessons and exams: The schedule of the lessons and exams is posted on the Course website http://www.med.unipg.it/ccl/
Consulting hours and location:
Thursday hours 15.00 -17.00, and further dates that will be determined upon specific request of the students.
Building B, fourth floor, Piazza Lucio Severi, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia.
For students with disabilities see the website http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa

Learning verification modality

The final exam is in an oral form and covers both the teaching modules. It will consist of an interview lasting about 25-30 minutes, with three questions on the entire program of the Course of Immunology and Immunophatology. The exam will be aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge and the ability to understand the contents of the course, as well as the ability of knowledge synthesis and integration, reached by the student. The oral exam will also verify the student's ability of communication and speaking with an autonomous language.

Extended program

MMUNOLOGIC TOLERANCE: Features of self-tolerance. Mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance of B and T lymphocytes. DISEASES CAUSED BY ALTERATIONS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES (HYPERSENSITIVITY): Immunological basis of hypersensitivity reactions. Sensitization and effector phases of hypersensitivity reactions. Mechanisms of cell and tissue damage. TYPE I (IMMEDIATE) HYPERSENSITIVITY: Features of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Production of IgE. Binding of IgE to mast cells and basophils. Role of mast cells, basophils and eosinophils in immediate hypersensitivity. Genetic susceptibility to immediate hypersensitivity. Allergic diseases in humans. TYPE II HYPERSENSITIVITY: Mechanisms of damage caused by cytotoxic antibodies. Examples of human pathologies: transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of the newborn, drug-induced hemolytic anemia. TYPE III HYPERSENSITIVITY: Mechanisms of damage caused by immune complexes. Factors that determinate the pathogenicity of immune complexes. Examples of type III hypersensitivity: localized reactions (reaction of Arthus) and systemic reactions (serum sickness). TYPE IV HYPERSENSITIVITY: Mechanisms of tissue damage caused by TH1 cells and CTL. Examples of human pathologies: contact dermatitis, tuberculin reaction and granulomatous hypersensitivity. DISEASES CAUSED BY ALTERATIONS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES - AUTOIMMUNITY: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of autoimmunity pathogenesis. Loss of self-tolerance mechanisms. Lymphocyte alterations involved in the autoimmunity. Genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity. Environmental basis of autoimmunity. Role of infections in the development of autoimmunity. Organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases: mechanisms of immunologic tissue injury and examples of human autoimmune diseases. TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY: Immune response to allogeneic transplantation. Molecular and cellular basis of alloantigen recognition. Activation of alloreactive T cells. Immunologic basis and effector mechanisms of allograft rejection. Prevention and treatment of allograft rejection. Bone marrow transplantion. Graft-versus-host-disease. IMMUNITY TO TUMORS: Tumor antigens. Tumor cell antigenicity. Effector mechanisms in antitumor immunity: innate and specific responses. Evasion of immune responses by tumors. Immunotherapy for tumors. Stimulation of active host immune responses to tumors: antitumor vaccines. Passive immunotherapy for tumors with T cells and antibodies.

Cognomi M-Z

CFU

Teacher

Emanuela Rosati

Teachers

Emanuela Rosati

Hours

25 ore - Emanuela Rosati

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND PATHOLOGY: alterations of the immune response in the hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmunity; examples of human pathologies. TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY. IMMUNITY AND TUMORS.

Reference texts

- Abbas A.K., Lichtman A.H., Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 9th Edition, 2018, Edra Editor.

- Murphy K., Weaver C. Janeway’ s Immunobiology. 9th Edition, 2019, Piccin Editor.

Educational objectives

Prerequisites

Teaching methods

Frontal lessons on all the topics of the Course, with presentation and discussion of slides.

Other information

Schedule of the lessons and exams: The schedule of the lessons and exams is posted on the Course website http://www.med.unipg.it/ccl/
Consulting hours and location:
Thursday hours 15.00 -17.00, and further dates that will be determined upon specific request of the students.
Building B, fourth floor, Piazzale Lucio Severi, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia.
For students with disabilities see the website http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa

Learning verification modality

Extended program

IMMUNOLOGIC TOLERANCE: Features of self-tolerance. Mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance of B and T lymphocytes. DISEASES CAUSED BY ALTERATIONS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES (HYPERSENSITIVITY): Immunological basis of hypersensitivity reactions. Sensitization and effector phases of hypersensitivity reactions. Mechanisms of cell and tissue damage. TYPE I (IMMEDIATE) HYPERSENSITIVITY: Features of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Production of IgE. Binding of IgE to mast cells and basophils. Role of mast cells, basophils and eosinophils in immediate hypersensitivity. Genetic susceptibility to immediate hypersensitivity. Allergic diseases in humans. TYPE II HYPERSENSITIVITY: Mechanisms of damage caused by cytotoxic antibodies. Examples of human pathologies: transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of the newborn, drug-induced hemolytic anemia. TYPE III HYPERSENSITIVITY: Mechanisms of damage caused by immune complexes. Factors that determinate the pathogenicity of immune complexes. Examples of type III hypersensitivity: localized reactions (reaction of Arthus) and systemic reactions (serum sickness). TYPE IV HYPERSENSITIVITY: Mechanisms of tissue damage caused by TH1 cells and CTL. Examples of human pathologies: contact dermatitis, tuberculin reaction and granulomatous hypersensitivity. DISEASES CAUSED BY ALTERATIONS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES - AUTOIMMUNITY: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of autoimmunity pathogenesis. Loss of self-tolerance mechanisms. Lymphocyte alterations involved in the autoimmunity. Genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity. Environmental basis of autoimmunity. Role of infections in the development of autoimmunity. Organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases: mechanisms of immunologic tissue injury and examples of human autoimmune diseases. TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY: Immune response to allogeneic transplantation. Molecular and cellular basis of alloantigen recognition. Activation of alloreactive T cells. Immunologic basis and effector mechanisms of allograft rejection. Prevention and treatment of allograft rejection. Bone marrow transplantion. Graft-versus-host-disease. IMMUNITY TO TUMORS: Tumor antigens. Tumor cell antigenicity. Effector mechanisms in antitumor immunity: innate and specific responses. Evasion of immune responses by tumors. Effects of tumors cells on immune response. Immunotherapy for tumors. Stimulation of active host immune responses to tumors: antitumor vaccines. Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Passive immunotherapy for tumors with T cells and antibodies.