Unit HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 1
- Course
- Medicine and surgery
- Study-unit Code
- A000327
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- CFU
- 10
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2021
- Offered
- 2022/23
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa integrata
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY - MOD. 1
| Code | A000329 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 5 |
| Teacher | Fabio Massimo Botti |
| Teachers |
|
| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Funzioni biologiche integrate di organi, sistemi e apparati umani |
| Academic discipline | BIO/09 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | Sensory system Motor system Higher functions |
| Reference texts | Fisiologia medica - F. Conti Edi Ermes Kandel, Schwartz, Jessel - Principi di Neuroscienze ed. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana - III edizione italiana Schmidt- Thews-Lang Fisiologia umana Idelson-Gnocchi |
| Educational objectives | Knowledge of the physiology of the nervous system |
| Prerequisites | In order to understand the contents of the course and to achieve the learning objectives, the student must possess the fundamental knowledge in: Physics Chemistry Biochemistry Human anatomy |
| Teaching methods | theoretical and theoretical-practical frontal lessons |
| Other information | - |
| Learning verification modality | The level of learning achieved will be evaluated with a final oral exam consisting of two tests, which the student can take at different times. A test is aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge reached on the theoretical contents indicated in the program related to organ physiology (cardio-circulatory, respiratory, urinary and digestive systems) and the other on the contents related to the physiology of the nervous and endocrine system. In each test the student will be asked two questions by two different teachers of the course. The test is considered to be passed if the student reaches the sufficiency in both questions. The sequence of tests is chosen by the student. The oral exam will also allow the student to verify the communication skills of the student with language properties and the organization of the exposition on the topics under discussion and his reasoning skills. The final grade will be the average of the marks obtained in the 4 questions. For information on support services for students with disabilities and / or DSA visit the page http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa |
| Extended program | Physiology of muscle contraction •. Striated muscle: types of contraction, length / strength curve, load / speed curve. Types of muscle fibers, motor units, single twitch and muscle tetanus, force modulation. Electromyography Sensory systems. • Organization of the sensitive system. Receptor concept, sensory modalities, receptor classification, receptor potential, intensity coding, adaptation, receptive fields, lateral inhibition. Psychophysics of perception. • Vision. Eye: functional anatomy, photoreceptors and photo-transduction, retinal network, ganglion cells and optic nerve. Central visual pathways decussation, SNA contingents, superior colliculus, lateral geniculate body. Cortical processing: primary visual cortex (V1), receptive fields and columnar organization. Dorsal and ventral cortical pathways. • Hearing. Ear: functional anatomy, cochlea and Corti organ, transduction mechanism, active amplification mechanisms and lateral inhibition. Acoustic pathways: tonotopic organization, ganglionic connections, spatial localization, auditory cortices. • Vestibular receptors. Semicircular canals: structure, transduction mechanism. Utricolo and sacculo: structure, transduction mechanism. Central connections. • Touch sense. Types of receptors and their characteristics, discrimination, metameric organization, ascending pathways, somatotopic organization. • Proprioception. Neuromuscular spindles: structure, transduction mechanism, innervation, role of gamma innervation. Golgi -tendon organs: localization, transduction mechanism. Ascending pathways. • Thermal sensitivity. Caloceptors, frigoceptors, ascending pathways. • Pain. Types of pain, receptors, afferent pathways, referred pain, hyperalgesia, ascending pathways, peripheral and central control mechanisms. Motor system and higher functions. • Spinal cord and reflexes. Morpho-functional characteristics, basic circuits, reflex concept, modulation, deep reflexes (myotatic), superficial reflexes (flexor r.). • Locomotion. Phillipson model, kinematics, central pattern generator, integration of afferent signals, supraspinal control. • Posture and Balance. Postural tone, vestibular, reticular and cerebellar contributions, postural stability, visual and somatosensory contributions, integration, postural reactions, postural strategies and synergies. • Voluntary movement. Organization of descending pathways, primary motor area, premotor areas, supplementary motor areas, reaching and grasping, mirror neurons. • Basal ganglia, basic circuitry, direct and indirect pathways, hypo and hyperkinetic disorders, motor, oculomotor, cognitive, and limbic circuits. • Cerebellum. G eneral organization, basic circuit, simple and complex potentials, recalibration, Typical signs of cerebellar pathology • Eye movements. Types of eye movements, extrinsic muscles. Vestibulo-ocular reflex: control network, transfer function, time constants and central integrator. Optokinetic reflex: characteristics of the response, integration with the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Saccadic eye movements: control circuits, role of the superior colliculus, frontal eye fields. Smooth pursuit eye movements. • Electroencephalography (EEG), sleep and consciousness. Source of EEG signal, EEG rhythms, synchronization, evoked potentials. Sleep: sleep stages,regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, circadian rhythms. Definition of consciousness, integrated information theory. • Language and lateralization. Areas involved in languageand aphasia. Written language and spoken language. Anatomical asymmetries, studies on split brain, hemispheric specialization. • Memory and learning. Classification criteria of types of memory. Non-associative memory (habituation and sensitization) experimental models. Associative memory, classical and operative conditioning. explicit memory implicit memory types, hippocampal role, place cells and spatial memory |
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY - MOD. 2
| Code | A000331 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 5 |
| Teacher | Alessandro Tozzi |
| Teachers |
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| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Funzioni biologiche integrate di organi, sistemi e apparati umani |
| Academic discipline | BIO/09 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |