Unit PROPAEDEUTICS

Course
Imaging and radiotherapy techniques
Study-unit Code
A000441
Curriculum
In all curricula
Teacher
Emira Maria Ayroldi
CFU
6
Course Regulation
Coorte 2022
Offered
2022/23
Type of study-unit
Obbligatorio (Required)
Type of learning activities
Attività formativa integrata

ANESTHESIOLOGY

Code 50A00182
CFU 1
Teacher Laura Marchesini
Teachers
  • Laura Marchesini
Hours
  • 12 ore - Laura Marchesini
Learning activities Caratterizzante
Area Scienze interdisciplinari cliniche
Academic discipline MED/41
Type of study-unit Obbligatorio (Required)

PHARMACOLOGY

Code 50A00187
CFU 2
Teacher Emira Maria Ayroldi
Teachers
  • Emira Maria Ayroldi
Hours
  • 24 ore - Emira Maria Ayroldi
Learning activities Caratterizzante
Area Scienze medico-chirurgiche
Academic discipline BIO/14
Type of study-unit Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction Italian
Contents Pharmacokinetic: Absorption, Distribution, Elimination, Metabolism
Pharmacodynamics: Interaction drug/receptor
Radio-drugs
Sedative-hypnotic
Treatment of pain, inflammation and allergic reactions (NSAIDs, glucocorticoids and antihistamines)
Reference texts - Mario Furlanut Farmacologia Principi e applicazioni, casa editrice Piccin
- SG Cella, AM DI Giulio, A. Gorio, F. Scaglione Farmacologia generale e speciale per le lauree sanitarie , casa editrice Piccin
Educational objectives After concluding the course, students: 1) should know and understand (To know) the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, side effects, toxicological aspects, and contraindications of the drugs contained in the program with a focus on treatment and / or diagnosis with radionuclides. Students will also learn about adverse reactions to contrast agents and their treatment; 2) should apply independently and critically the acquired knowledge to their work (Know-how), and they must be able to supervise, when performing an instrumental examination with contrast medium and/or that requires drug treatment, the physical and mental wellbeing of the patient (Knowing how to be).
Prerequisites To fully understand the items contained within the programs, students must have a good knowledge of biology, physiology, and anatomy and possess the basics of electrophysiology and pathophysiology of inflammation.
Teaching methods The lessons will be divided in: 1) General pharmacology, which lays the basis for the study of the mechanism of action of drugs; 2) Special pharmacology, which analyzes the mechanism of action, clinical use and side effects of the most common drugs.
Each new lesson will be preceded by a summary of the previous lesson, with the help of students, who are often encouraged to intervene in the course of the lesson, with the aim to achieve maximum understanding and learning of the topic, directly in classroom.
Other information The frequency is mandatory
The lessons will be held at the University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Building C
Learning verification modality The exam is an oral test consisting of a discussion lasting about 20 minutes, which will be aimed not only to test knowledge of the programs, but also to judge the student's ability to critical associations, for example, pharmacological effects with the pathophysiology and side effects. The potential to apply the acquired knowledge and presentation skills and reasoning, will compete for the final judgment of the student.
Extended program GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
- Pharmacokinetic:
1) Absorption: factors that influence the passage of drugs across biological membranes. Routes of drug administration
2) Distribution: factors affecting the distribution of drugs
2) Targeting mechanisms of the radio-drug
3) Characteristics and clinical uses of the main radio drugs used in nuclear medicine, [18F] -FDG (Fluorodeoxyglucose), 131I-sodium iodide, 89Strontium chloride (89Sr), sodium-32P-phosphate (32P), 67Gallium and positive indicators

- Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug treatments:
1) Glucocorticoids: mechanism of action and hypothalamus pituitary axis, physiological effects and pharmacological effects, side effects, outline of clinical uses
2) Antihistamines: mechanism of action, histamine and histamine receptors, side effects, notes on clinical uses

- Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs):

3) Metabolism: phase I and II reactions. Induction and inhibition of drug metabolism. Factors affecting the biotransformation
4) Excretion of drugs: renal and biliary excretion. Other routes of excretion of drugs
5) Bioavailability and first pass effect. Volume of distribution, clearance, half-life

- Pharmacodynamic:
1) Receptors: definition and characteristics, specificity, signal transduction, saturable and reversible binding
2) Quantitative aspects of drug-receptor interactions: affinity, efficacy and intrinsic activity
3) Agonists and antagonists (competitive and non-competitive)
4) Classification of receptors and mechanism of action

SPECIAL PHARMACOLOGY
- Radionuclide therapy:
1) Radioactive isotope, radio-drug, radionuclide production, preparation of radio-drug

ONCOLOGY

Code A000442
CFU 1
Teacher Emira Maria Ayroldi
Teachers
  • Fausto Roila (Codocenza)
Hours
  • 12 ore (Codocenza) - Fausto Roila
Learning activities Caratterizzante
Area Scienze interdisciplinari cliniche
Academic discipline MED/06
Type of study-unit Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction Italian
Contents Tumors definition
Tumors classification
Tumors grading
Tumors staging
Diagnosis of tumors (lab and imaging tests, tumor markers)
Tumors epidemiology (incidence, prevalence and mortality)
Primary prevention of tumors
Secondary prevention of tumors (early diagnosis)
Oncological patients management (multisciplinary oncological groups, regional oncological network)
Principles of medical therapy in oncology
Toxicity of oncological treatments
Supportive and palliative therapy in oncology
Oncological emergencies
Update on the prophylaxis and therapy of some symptoms and adverse events of antineoplastic agents.
Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to some tumors: breast, lung, prostate and colo-rectal cancers
Myths and misconceptions on cancer
Reference texts Slides shared with students
AIOM Guidelines
NICSO Guidelines
Educational objectives Notions on the tumors characteristics, on the modality of prevention and early diagnosis, on the diagnostic tests and on therapies (from surgery to radiotherapy, from hormonotherapy to target therapies and to immunotherapy) including supportive therapies and palliative care with the objective to have a wide panorama of the medical oncology.
Prerequisites Basic knowledge of general pathology aspects, of tumors diagnostics and therapies.
Teaching methods Frontal interactive lessons
Other information Interactive clinical cases
Learning verification modality Frontal interactive examination
Extended program Cancer definition (difference between normal and neoplastic cells, cancer metastases, tumors classification, grades and stages of tumors); epidemiology and risk factors; primary prevention in the general population and in patients at risk; secondary prevention: screening tests; tumor diagnosis and TMN stadiation; principles of locoregional therapy (surgery and radiotherapy); general concepts of systemic anti-tumor therapy with reference to chemotherapy, hormone therapy, molecular target therapy, immunotherapy.
Main organ toxicities of systemic therapies and their management with particular reference to bone marrow toxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, skin toxicity; cardiotoxicity, pulmonary and neurological toxicity, autoimmune toxicity during immunotherapy. Oncological emergencies (superior vena cava syndrome, spinal cord compression, brain metastases, hypercalcemia, hyponatremia), infectious emergencies and septic shock, metabolic syndromes. Treatment of neoplastic pain in oncological patients.

PATIENT HANDLING AND MOVEMENT

Code A000443
CFU 1
Teacher Emira Maria Ayroldi
Teachers
  • Pamela Fiorucci (Codocenza)
Hours
  • 12 ore (Codocenza) - Pamela Fiorucci
Learning activities Caratterizzante
Area Scienze della prevenzione e dei servizi sanitari
Academic discipline MED/48
Type of study-unit Obbligatorio (Required)

PSYCHOLOGY

Code A000444
CFU 1
Teacher Emira Maria Ayroldi
Teachers
  • Claudia Mazzeschi (Codocenza)
Hours
  • 12 ore (Codocenza) - Claudia Mazzeschi
Learning activities Affine/integrativa
Area Attività formative affini o integrative
Academic discipline M-PSI/07
Type of study-unit Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction Italiano
Contents Il modello biopsicosociale per la definizione di salute; approccio medico e approccio psicologico; funzionamento di personalità e meccanismi di difesa; emozioni; l'uomo di fronte alla diagnosi
Reference texts Appunti delle lezioni
Testi di riferimento
Munno, D. (2008). Psicologia clinica per medici. Capitoli: 1, 3, 4
Lettura per approfondire:
Linguardi, V. (2018). Diagnosi e destino. Giulio Einaudi Editore.
Pervin, A.l., John, O. (1997). La scienza della personalità. Raffaello Cortina Editore. Capp. 1, 3
Educational objectives Introdurre lo studente alla conoscenza dei meccanismi e delle reazioni umane di fronte ad una diagnosi di malattia
Prerequisites Sono quelli identificati dall'accesso al CdS
Teaching methods Lezioni frontali
Other information Materiale e comunicazioni eventuali su Unistudium
Learning verification modality Esame scritto e/o orale
Per esame scritto:
15 DOMANDE A RISPOSTA MULTIPLA SUL PROGRAMMA. VALUTAZIONE: 2 = RISPOSTA CORRETTA; 0 = RISPOSTA SBAGLIATA O NON DATA

Nel caso in cui lo studente intenda anticipare l’esame in un anno precedente a quello programmato nel piano di studio, si raccomanda di frequentare il ciclo delle lezioni e di sostenere l’esame nel primo appello utile dopo che le lezioni medesime siano terminate, nel rispetto quindi del semestre di programmazione dell’insegnamento.
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