Unit AEROSPACE MICROWAVE AND RADIOFREQUENCY SYSTEMS
- Course
- Electronic engineering for the internet-of-things
- Study-unit Code
- 70A00097
- Curriculum
- Elettronica per l'aerospazio
- Teacher
- Roberto Vincenti Gatti
- Teachers
-
- Roberto Vincenti Gatti
- Hours
- 72 ore - Roberto Vincenti Gatti
- CFU
- 9
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2017
- Offered
- 2017/18
- Learning activities
- Caratterizzante
- Area
- Ingegneria elettronica
- Academic discipline
- ING-INF/02
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
- Introduction on satellite systems and overview of the more popular satellite systems. Study of some devices at RF and Microwave for satellite networks, with more emphasis on filters. Study of the space environment and its influence in the design of RF and Microwave components. Study of some satellite systems and components for aerospace applications: doppler radar, continous wave radar, imaging radar, SAR, GPS. Use of CAD for the design of RF and MW devices.
- Reference texts
- - RF and Microwave Wireless Systems. Kai Chang, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Microwave and RF Design Of Wireless Systems. M. Pozar John Wiley & Sons, Inc.ù
- Introduction to Radar Systems. Merrill I. Skolnik, McGraw-Hill. - Educational objectives
- The main aim of this teaching is to provide students with the bases of a general knowlege of most popular wireless systems.
Main knowledge acquired will be:
- Generic knowledge on several satellite systems (GPS, telephony, TV broadcast etc..)
- knowledge on problem related to the design for component operating in the space environment
- Knowledge on radar systems
- basis of radar sistem design - Prerequisites
- In order to understand concepts introduced during the Course, it is necessary some knowledge on Electromagnetic field, lumped circuits and distributed circuits.
The student is required to be familiar with the evaluation of voltages and currents in simple lumped circuits. The student is also required to be able to work with impedance matrices, admittance matrices, transmission matrices, as well as scattering matrices. - Teaching methods
- The course is organized as follows:
- lectures on all subjects of the course
- Laboratory measurements of microwave devices with the vector network analyzer.
- Laboratory of informatics and use of commercal CAD. - Other information
- Office hours:
wednesday from 3PM to 4PM - Learning verification modality
- The final exam consists in an oral test. During the oral exam some questions (generally 3 questions) on several Course arguments are asked.
The oral text consists in an interview of about 1 hour aiming to ascertain the knowledge of the theoretical arguments and the ability to solve problems exployting methodologies introduced in the course.
The student has also the possibility to develop a project and make a design and a manufacturing of a device (as an example a radar system). The report of the project is than discussed during the exam and this discussion is considered as one of the question. Furthermore no other question are asked on the same topic of the project. - Extended program
- INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF THE MORE COMMON WIRELESS SYSTEMS
Introduction to the course. Classification of wireless systems. Comparison among different wireless system typology. Impact of the frequency in wireless systems. Atmospheric attenuation. Introduction to the devices symbols. Simple scheme of a wireless system. Frequency allocation for the most popular wireless systems. Overview of telecommunication wireless systems: terrestrial and satellite. Mobile telephony: most popular cellular systems (TACS, NMT,AMPS,GSM,NADC,UMTS) and relevant frequency allocations. Description of Mobile telephony infrastructures: cellular concept (reuse of frequency), cell configurations. Antenna positioning in Radio Base Stations. GSM system: Time-slot and max dimension of a cell (Timing Advance). Comparison between UMTS and GSM and relevant reuse of frequency in adjacent cells. Integrated technology in mobile devices, SAW (Surface Acustic Wave) filters and relevant features. Description of satellite systems: problems related to the satellite launch and classification of orbits. Geostationary orbits and their use in radio broadcasting. GPS system: technical features, triangulation, satellite constellation. Relativistic effects in GPS satellite orbits and relevant impact on localization errors. Localization errors due to the Ionospheric and tropospheric propagation. Overview of the terrestrial infrastructures of GPS. Galileo system overview. Satellite telephony: technical data and costellation in most popular systems. Bluetooth, overview. Wireless system for the astronomy: telescope arrays and Arecibo telescope.
ENVIROMENTAL CONDITION IN ORBIT:
radiation, temperature, vacuum.
' Ionizing radiation: causes, composition, origin, location, types of radiation, energy spectrum. Effects on semiconductors. Latch-up: causes, consequences and protection. Single-event upset: causes, consequences and protection. Total-dose: causes, effects and protection. Rad-hard technologies.
' Thermal effects: convection, heat flows, resistances and heat capacitance, thermal channels. Solar radiation, albedo. Mechanical effects. Effects of physical-chemical outgassing, offgassing and evaporation. Materials. Effects of oxygen and debris, corrosion protection. Electrical effects: arcs, brushes, static charge accumulation.
The launch of a satellite: environmental conditions at launch: acceleration, vibration, acoustics.
' Mechanical effects: vibration, vibration spectrum of the launcher. Vibrating elements: laminar, structural cables, sandwiches, screws. Vibration modes, resonance. Lumped models, calculation of the resonating frequency. Solder joints, connectors, strain relief, clamping components; hardeners, bonding.
RADAR:
Radar classification. Radar equation. probability of detection and of false alarm, integration on impulses to decrease the probability of error. Radar equation taking into account for the system losses, definition of radar cross-section. Possible radar cross-section of several targets. Stealth technology. Impulses Radar, continuous wave radar (radar Doppler). Continuous wave frequency modulation radar (in the case of both static and moving target). Detection and tracking radar: sequential lobing, conical scan, monopulse. The use of hybrid junctions in the monopulse radar. Example of monopulse trucking in ka band. MTI system. Blinde Speed. Improvement factor, single canceler, blind speed, double canceler, frequency shaped filters, frequency domain filter, problem of the blind phase and solution of the problem through the in-Phase and quadrature signal. Comparison between digital and analogue MTI.
SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), along track and cross track resolution: length and time of synthetic aperture. Pulse compression technique. Evaluation of the Max resolution of SAR. Spot-light SAR. Interpretation of SAR imaging: foreshortening, layover, shadowing, interferometry. Examples of SAR imaging. Impact of the customer requirements on the radar design. Examples of constrains for avionic surveillance radar.
DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS
Use of commercial softwer for CAD. Measurements of some RF and MW devices by using the network analyzer.