Unit COMPLEMENTARY COURSE OF ANIMAL SCIENCE OF ANIMALI I

ADAPTIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN LIVESTOCK

Code	GP004377
CFU	3
Teacher	Massimo Zerani
Teachers	Massimo Zerani
Hours	27 ore - Massimo Zerani
Learning activities	Affine/integrativa
Area	Attività formative affini o integrative
Sector	VET/02
Type of study-unit	Opzionale (Optional)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	General aspects of physiology of adaptation. Main nervous and endocrine mechanisms involved in adaptation. Homeostasis concept and regulation mechanisms. Stress and its actions on the reproductive and immune system. Stress in animal production. Physical climatology; Adaptation to ambient temperatures: thermoregulators; Effects of thermal stress in animal production. Energy homeostasis.
Reference texts	Teacher's dissertations: DIAGNOSIS PHYSIOLOGICAL QUADRIES Written by L. Menchetti and C. Boiti. Pag 129
Educational objectives	What to Know: The main objective of the module is to provide PA students with adequate knowledge of the functional mechanisms underlying the adaptation to the environment of animals of animal interest with particular emphasis on the stressful conditions caused by breeding systems and energy homeostasis. The main knowledge gained will provide: - the basics for understanding the functioning of specific organs / systems involved in the adaptive stress mechanism; - the basics for understanding the mechanisms of regulation of individual organs / systems and of functional interactions between different organs / systems; - the essential elements for the understanding of homeostasis and causes that alter it (stress, nutrition); - elements for the understanding of livestock practices useful in limiting the negative effects of stress. What to be able to do: The main skills derived from applying the above knowledge will be: - critically evaluate functional parameters and adaptation mechanisms to different types of stress; - identify the main causes of stress that may alter the normal functioning of the animal organism; - the basis for understanding the pathophysiology and pathology associated with animal production (reproduction, milk production, growth, etc.).
Prerequisites	An essential prerequisite for understanding the contents of the course and the learning objectives of the course is that the student has successfully supported the animal physiology examination of zootechnical interest.
Teaching methods	The course is organized as follows: - Classroom lessons on all subjects covered; - laboratory exercises on endocrinology topics applied to the physiology of adaptation: "methods for stress assessment". In relation to the number of students who follow the course, they can be divided into groups following guided exercises of 1-2 hours each; - Classroom seminars on topics related to the course: Effects induced by thermal stress on animal podusions, Adaptation to fasting. From the Moodle platform you can download the slides used in the official course.
Other information	The teaching activity is carried out during the first semester of the second year of the course. The student is invited to consult the page on the calendar of lessons on the website of the Department of Veterinary Medicine (http://www.medvet.unipg.it/) for further details on the start and end dates of the teaching activities. Lessons and seminars will be held at the Educational Pole (Department of Veterinary Medicine), Educational Laboratories of the Department. Some exercises will be carried out at the Didactic Animal Husbandry Company (Sant'Angelo di Celle) or in other classrooms/structures according to the needs.
Learning verification modality	The exam provides for an oral test consisting of a discussion lasting about 20 to 30 minutes to determine the level of knowledge and understanding acquired by the student on the theoretical and practical content provided by the course starting from a topic chosen by the student . The oral test will also allow you to verify the candidate's critical capacity, communication skills, language ownership, and the degree of autonomous organization in the display of the arguments required.
Extended program	Arguments of physiology of adaptation and physioclimatology. Meaning of environment and adaptation. Definition and analysis of the main adaptation mechanisms. The hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic nerve structures involved in adaptation responses. Short and long-term physiological responses. Homeostasis and feedback control systems (feed back). Homeostasis and homeostasis: definition of the "zone of physiological comfort"; influence on animal productions. Definition of stress, specific analysis of hormonal action and adaptation in stress. Influence of stressors on immune responses. The temperature and its effects. Heat exchanges between animals and the environment. General mechanisms of adaptation of animals at cold or hot environmental temperatures: heat production (shivering and shivering thermogenesis), heat distribution (heat exchanges against the current), thermal insulation, heat loss regulation. Physiological effects of temperature: short, medium and long-term enzymatic adaptations, induction of stress proteins. Specific analysis of the problems of thermoregulation and of the effects induced by thermal stress in the breeding of dairy and meat cattle, in the breeding of sheep and pigs: climate comfort limits in lactating cattle and calves; limits of climatic adaptability of pigs and sheep related to the age of the animals; the housing of hens and broilers.

FEED VALUE AND SAFETY OF ANIMAL

Code	GP004378
CFU	3
Teacher	Oliviero Olivieri
Teachers	Gabriele Acuti (Codocenza) Oliviero Olivieri
Hours	9 ore (Codocenza) - Gabriele Acuti 18 ore - Oliviero Olivieri
Learning activities	Affine/integrativa
Area	Attività formative affini o integrative
Sector	AGR/18
Type of study-unit	Opzionale (Optional)
Language of instruction	Italian
Reference texts	Teaching materials can be found on the Unistudium website.
Educational objectives	The student must know the general nutrition information with particular regard to the antinutrition factors and the most frequently found contaminants in raw materials and forage for zootechnical use: the origin and nature of these substances and digestive-metabolic effects as a result of their intake, techniques and industrial processes that can inactivate or limit their effects.
Teaching methods	The teaching methods used are those set out below: a) theoretical lessons on all topics of the course; b) field exercises at farms of dairy cattle - beef cattle - sheep, horses, pigs, poultry and at the University Animal Husbandry (pigs - sheep - cattle) to enable knowledge of the production, storage and storage of raw materials and complete and complementary feed and the potential of industrial and biological contamination. During the visits, it is encouraged to compare with staff working at the company. c) Field activities at private farms (dairy cattle - beef cattle - sheep) and at the “Azienda Zootecnica Didattica” of the University (pigs - sheep - cattle).
Other information	http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Learning verification modality
Extended program