Unit MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
- Course
- Biomedical laboratory techniques
- Study-unit Code
- A001504
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Bernard Fioretti
- CFU
- 3
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2024
- Offered
- 2024/25
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa integrata
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
| Code | A001507 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 1 |
| Teacher | Vincenzo Nicola Talesa |
| Teachers |
|
| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Caratterizzante |
| Area | Scienze e tecniche di laboratorio biomedico |
| Academic discipline | BIO/12 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
| Code | A001505 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 2 |
| Teacher | Bernard Fioretti |
| Teachers |
|
| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Scienze biomediche |
| Academic discipline | BIO/09 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | - Neurophysiology: resting potential, action potential, graded potentials, synaptic transmission, ion channels, action potential conduction, neuromuscular synapse and muscle contraction. Sensory physiology. - Cardiovascular system: hemodynamics, vessel resistance, cardiac physiology, electrical activity of the heart, cardiac mechanics, cardiac cycle, cardiac output, blood pressure and regulation. - Physiology of the gastrointestinal system, digestion and absorption, secretions of the digestive system. - Respiratory system: respiratory mechanics, alveolar exchanges, gas transport, regulation of respiration, acid-base balance. - Urinary system: functions of the renal system, glomerular filtration, reabsorption, secretion, renal clearance, hydroelectrolytic balance, acid-base balance. |
| Reference texts | Fisiologia Umana – Elementi –editore Edi-ermes Fisiologia - molecole, cellule e sistemi - editore Edi-ermes - a cura di D'Angelo e Peres |
| Educational objectives | Knowledge of the integrated functioning of the various physiological systems aimed at maintaining homeostasis. |
| Prerequisites | For a better understanding of the content and for the achievement of the objectives of the teaching it is desirable that at the beginning of the lessons the student already possesses the basic knowledge of biochemistry |
| Teaching methods | The course is organized as follows: Lectures on all subjects of the course. Projection of movies concerning some topics that will complement the lectures. |
| Other information | |
| Learning verification modality | The exam consists in a final oral examination to evaluate the logical and exhibition abilities on the topics. |
| Extended program | Homeostasis, feedbacks and feedforward. Biological membranes and diffusion: transporters and channels. resting Membrane potential and Action Potential. Chemical and electrical synapses. The neurotransmitters. Neuromuscular transmission and excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal muscle. The smooth muscle. Autonomic nervous system: 1) Orthosympathetic system and catecholaminergic transmission and 2) the parasympathetic system and cholinergic transmission. Physiology of the cardiovascular system: relationship between pressure, flow and resistance, Poiseuille's law. Parameters that determine vascular resistances. Cardiac rhythmicity and conduction of cardiac action potential. Ionic bases of action potentials. Identification of the electrical activation time sequence of the various regions of the heart and of the conduction speed in the different parts of the conduction system: ECG. Control of heart rate and systolic output and the physiology of microcirculation and lymphatic circulation. Mechanisms underlying the exchanges between blood and interstitial fluid. Physiology of the respiratory system: mechanisms of modification of the lung volume, air movements and pressures that determine it. Laplace's law applied to the alveolus. Compliance concept. Measurement of lung volumes, spirometer. Anatomical dead space. Respiratory minute volume, pulmonary, alveolar and dead space ventilation. Alveolo-capillary gas exchange. Composition and partial pressures in atmospheric, inspired and alveolar air. Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Law of diffusion and factors affecting the diffusion rate. Transport of oxygen in the blood. Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, analysis of the curve and its physiological significance. Factors affecting the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. Transport of carbon dioxide. Physiology of the renal system: the nephron and the characteristics of the glomerular filtration barrier. The renal functions of filtration, reabsorption and secretion. Definition of GFR and inulin clearance, creatinine and glucose clearance. Physiological control of glomerular filtration and renal blood flow. Reabsorption and secretion in the different tracts of the neuphrone. Osmotic control of ADH secretion. Renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone. Defenses against pH variations, buffer systems. Renal control of acid-base balance. Quantification of the acidifying capacity of the kidney: reabsorption of bicarbonate and glucose, elimination of ammonium ion. Chewing and swallowing. The motor functions of the stomach, small intestine and colon. Peristalsis and its neurobiology. Gastrointestinal reflexes, defecation and vomiting. Mechanisms of salivary, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, biliary secretion and neuro-hormonal regulation. The enterohepatic recirculation. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Fundamental principles of gastrointestinal absorption. Endocrine system physiology: Hormone-mediated intercellular mechanisms. Mechanisms of hormone secretion and its regulation: nervous, chronotropic and feedback control. |