Unit PHYSICAL SCIENCES
- Course
- Imaging and radiotherapy techniques
- Study-unit Code
- GP003719
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Maurizio Biasini
- CFU
- 7
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2021
- Offered
- 2021/22
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa integrata
RADIATION PHYSICS
Code | A000082 |
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CFU | 2 |
Teacher | Andrea Orecchini |
Teachers |
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Hours |
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Learning activities | Base |
Area | Scienze propedeutiche |
Academic discipline | FIS/07 |
Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
Language of instruction | Italian |
Contents | Electromagnetic radiations. Corpuscular radiations. Structure of the atom. Nuclides and isotopes. Radioactivity. Radiation-matter interactions. X-ray production and attenuation. Attenuation of charged particles. |
Reference texts | - Faiz M. Khan, The Physics of Radiation Therapy - Joseph Selman, The Basic Physics of Radiation Therapy - Harold E. Johns and John R. Cunningham, The Physics of Radiology |
Educational objectives | Ionizing radiations are the main tool the future TSRMs will work with. The aim of the course is thus to provide the basic knowledge of radiation physics, which will allow the students to understand the working principles of the instruments and devices, with which they will work during both their subsequent studies and their professional life. |
Prerequisites | |
Teaching methods | Face-to-face lectures. |
Other information | |
Learning verification modality | The student can choose between two alternative examination methods: a) a written exemption test, taken shortly after the end of the lectures of the radiation physics module; b) an oral examination, after the end of the semester, on the official exam dates. Given the propedeuticity of the radiation physics module, the exemption test method (a) is strongly encouraged. |
Extended program | Radiations: definition and some examples. Electromagnetic radiation: basic properties, wavelength-frequency relationship, energy and photons. Spectrum of lectromagnetic waves. Corpuscular radiations. Properties of the main corpuscular radiations. Associated wavelength. Structure of the atom. Bohr atom and electronic energy levels. Periodic table of elements. Nuclides and isotopes. Nuclides stability curve. Example of radiation emission from electronic levels (keV). Nuclear shell model. Example of radiation emission from nuclear levels (MeV). Radioactivity: definition and qualitative physical origin. Exponential law of radioactive decay. Decay constant. Activity and specific activity. Mean life and half time. Radioactive equilibrium: transient equilibrium and secular equilibrium. Examples of transient and secular equilibria of relevance to medical radiology. Natural radioactive series. X-ray production processes. Conceptual diagram of an X-ray tube. Spectrum of an X-ray tube. Direct and indirect ionizing radiation. Attenuation of a monochromatic photon beam: linear attenuation coefficient and half-value layer. Energy dependence of the attenuation coefficient and filter effect on non-monochromatic beams. Mass attenuation coefficient. Main photon-matter interactions of relevance to radiology: coherent scattering, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, pair production. Energy dependence of the mass attenuation coefficient: notable examples. Charged particles interactions. Speed dependence of the ionizing power; Bragg peak. |
PHYSICS
Code | 50011800 |
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CFU | 1 |
Teacher | Maurizio Biasini |
Teachers |
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Hours |
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Learning activities | Base |
Area | Scienze propedeutiche |
Academic discipline | FIS/07 |
Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
Language of instruction | Italian |
Contents | Fluids, Thermodinamics, Electricity Magnetism Waves |
Reference texts | D.Halliday, R.Resnick, J.Walker, Fondamenti di Fisica, ed. C.E.A. |
Educational objectives | The student must demonstrate a thorough knowledge of the arguments developed in the program. |
Prerequisites | Knowledge of basic elements of maths, informatics and English language |
Teaching methods | Lessons |
Learning verification modality | Written test to demonstrate knowledge of subjects and ability to solve elementary excercises. |
Extended program | Fluid mechanics, pressure, Pascal's principle, Stevin's law and hydrostatic pressure, Archimede's law, Bernouilli's law, Poiseuille's law and viscosity coefficient, Thermology: heat and temperature, effects of heat: heating and specific heat, phase transformation and latent heat, saturated vapor pressure and boiling temperature; heat flow and thermal balance law; heat propagation mechanisms: conduction, convection and radiation, Waves: general, propagation speed, frequency, wavelength, harmonic waves, superposition principle Radiation: power and intensity of a wave, photons, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation Electrostatics: electric force, electric field: electric field vector, electric potential, field lines and equipotential surfaces, electric field sources, effects of the electric field on dielectrics and on conductors, electrical capacity of a conductor; Electric currents: electric current intensity, Ohm's laws and electric resistance, Joule effect, electric circuits, series and parallel connections of resistors and capacitors; Magnetism: magnetic induction vector, Lorentz force, magnetic field sources: magnets and Ampere law, Electromagnetic field: electromagnetic induction, magnetic flux, electromotive force, origin of electromagnetic waves. |
INFORMATICS
Code | GP003730 |
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CFU | 2 |
Teacher | Ivan Gerace |
Teachers |
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Hours |
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Learning activities | Base |
Area | Scienze propedeutiche |
Academic discipline | INF/01 |
Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
Language of instruction | Italian |
Contents | Digital representation of images. Introduction to the C programming language. Management of digital images using C programming language. |
Reference texts | Gonzalez, Woods, "Digital Image Processing", Prentice Hall, Pearson Education. Kochan, "Programming in C", Adisson-Wesley. |
Educational objectives | At the end of the course the student must be able to design and write a simple C language program for the management of digital images. |
Prerequisites | No one. |
Teaching methods | Frontal lesson. Guided lesson at the computer lab. Problem solving. |
Learning verification modality | Computer lab test and oral exam. |
Extended program | The light. RGB, CMYK, Lab representation. Blur and noise corruption of an image. Punctual, local and global operators for image reconstruction. Quantization problem. Estimation of the optical flow. Separation of components. Tomography. Demosaicing. Variables in C language. Commands for, while and if. File reading and writing. Management of a gray level image. Management and creation of color images. |
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Code | 40285806 |
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CFU | 2 |
Teacher | Donatella Lanari |
Teachers |
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Hours |
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Learning activities | Caratterizzante |
Area | Scienze interdisciplinari |
Academic discipline | SECS-S/02 |
Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
Language of instruction | Italian |