Unit ANATOMICAL SCIENCE

ANATOMY

Code	A000084
CFU	3
Teacher	Anna Maria Stabile
Teachers	Anna Maria Stabile
Hours	36 ore - Anna Maria Stabile
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/16
Type of study-unit
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Gross anatomy of the major organs and systems, topographical relationships between the structures, notions of microscopic anatomy
Reference texts	Martini: Anatomia Umana Prometheus Martini. Anatomia Umana Prometheus. Atlante di Anatomia Umana Edises Lumley Anatomia di Superficie. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano. Anatomia dell’uomo: Castano P., Donato R.F., Ambrosi G. Elementi di Anatomia Umana. Gilroy Anne M.
Educational objectives	Knowledgement of basic concepts of human anatomy
Prerequisites	knowledge biology.
Teaching methods	Lecture.
Other information	All the didactical materials and information of the exam and the course are available in Unistudium
Learning verification modality	Multiple choice written test - The test includes about 30 questions
Extended program	MAIN ELEMENTS OF ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY. Thorax, abdomen, inguinal canal, urinary system, digestive system,pelvis and perineum, arm, leg, nervous system, eye, ear, endocrine systemm.

BIOCHEMISTRY

Code	GP003724
CFU	2
Teacher	Maria Grazia Cantelmi
Teachers	Maria Grazia Cantelmi
Hours	24 ore - Maria Grazia Cantelmi
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/10
Type of study-unit
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Chemical bonds. Solutions. Functional groups of organic molecules. Molecules of biological interest. Metabolic pathways. Krebs cycle. Respiratory chain. Oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and aminoacids.
Reference texts	Biochimica e Biologia per le professioni sanitarie - Roberti, Alunni-Bistocchi, Antognelli, Talesa - McGraw-Hill
Educational objectives	The main aim of this course is to provide students with the knowledge of basic properties of biological systems and of the mechanisms controlling cellular homeostasis. Main knowledge acquired will be: -properties of water and is importance as cell solvent; -chemical components of cell; -properties of solutions, physiological solutions, buffers; -functional groups of organic molecules and their reactivity; -energy transfer in biochemical transformations; -structure and function of molecules involved in cell metabolism; -main metabolic transformations; -hormonal regulation of metabolism in feeding and fasting. The main competence will be: -to evaluate the nature and properties of reagents and solutions usually employed in professional practice; -to understand the general metabolic behavior in physiopathological conditions.
Prerequisites	For an effective understanding of Biochemistry, the basic knowledge at high school level of Chemistry is required. In particular, general knowledge of atomic structure, and simple inorganic/organic molecules structure is mandatory.
Teaching methods	The course is organized in lectures on all the subjects. Students are stimulated to interact with the teacher during the lectures.
Other information	http://etsrm.it
Learning verification modality	The exam consists of a written test and/or an oral examination. The written test, comprising basic questions covering all the topics, aims to assess the minimum basic preparation to face the oral examination. The oral exam aims to assess the level of knowledge of the subjects and the ability to make connections and to integrate knowledge. The oral exam will also test the student communication skills. The final evaluation takes into account mainly the oral exam.
Extended program	PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY. Hints on tomic structure and periodic table of the elements. The chemical bond: omopolar and eteropolar covalent bond, donor-acceptor bond, electrostatic bonds, hydrogen bond. Biologically relevant inorganic compounds. Hints on the states of the matter. Properties of liquids, vapour pressure. Solutions: concentration units. Osmotic pressure and osmolarity. Physiologic solution. Strong and weak electrolytes, the chemical equilibrium. Acids and bases. The ionic product of water, pH. pH of acid, base, and salt solutions; buffer solutions. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Oxidation state of carbon in the organic compounds. Hybridization of carbon and functional groups of organic molecules. Hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehyds and ketons, amines, carboxylic acids, esters, amides. ELEMENTS OF GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY. Carbohydrates. Structure and properties of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The glycosidic bond. Carbohydrates of physiologic significance: glucose, fructose, ribose, saccharose, lactose, starch, cellulose, glycogen. Lipids. Structure and properties of fatty acids, acylglycerols, phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol. Aminoacids. Proteins: structural organization, classification, functions. Denaturation of proteins. Structure and functions of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Oxygen transport. Physiologic and pathologic hemoglobins. Reaction rate. Enzymes as biological catalysts. Effect of substrate concentration, pH, and temperature. Hints on enzyme activity regulation. Clinical importance of enzymes in serum. Hints on vitamins and coenzymes (NAD, FAD). ELEMENTS OF DYNAMIC BIOCHEMISTRY.Overview of metabolic pathways: anabolism, catabolism, linear and cyclic pathways. ATP: structure and role in the metabolism. The Krebs cycle. The respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. The metabolism of carbohydrates. Digestion and absorption of sugars. Glycolysis, metabolism of glycogen, and gluconeogenesis. The hormonal control of blood glucose (insulin and glucagon). The metabolism of fats. Digestion, absorption, and storage of dietary lipids. Lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Biosynthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerols. Hormonal control of lipolysis and lipogenesis (insulin and glucagon). Lipid transport and plasma lipoproteins. The ketone bodies. The metabolism of proteins and aminoacids. Protein digestion and aminoacid absorption. Transamination and deamination reactions. Ureogenesis. The metabolic fate of aminoacid carbon skeleton.

HISTOLOGY

Code	GP003904
CFU	2
Teacher	Tiziano Baroni
Teachers	Tiziano Baroni
Hours	24 ore - Tiziano Baroni
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/17
Type of study-unit
Language of instruction	ITALIAN LANGUAGE
Contents	Tissue organization: structure and functions. Gametogenesis. Fertilization. First stages of embryo development.
Reference texts	Autori vari: Citologia & Istologia umana 2^ Ed. (Idelson-Gnocchi)
Educational objectives	The main knowledge that students will acquire will be:-critical knowledge of the essential morphological features of the normal tissues related to the function that the tissues have in the body;- knowledge of the distribution and features of the tissues in the human body as introduction to anatomy. The main  competence (ability to apply the acquired knowledges) will be:-ability to recognize tissues under light microscopy or by examinating histological images of tissues specimens.
Prerequisites	Basic scientific notions acquired in high school on general Biology, Chemistry and Physics
Teaching methods	The course is organized as follows: 1) face to face lectures on all subjects of the course; during lectures, teacher uses video and slide projections as main tools; 2) laboratory exercises at Histology Lab to examine the normal morphology of cells and tissues. The morphology will be studied by examining histological sections under light microscope.
Other information	Mandatory attendance.
Learning verification modality	The exam consists of a written test and/or an oral examination relative to the three modules of the integrated course.The written test, comprising basic questions covering all the topics, aims to assess the minimum basic preparation to face the oral examination.The oral exam aims to assess the level of knowledge of the arguments discussed in the integrated course, and the ability to make connections and to integrate knowledge, also in relation to the future professional activity. The oral exam will also test the student communication skills. The final evaluation takes into account mainly the oral exam. Information about services and support for students with disabilities at http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Extended program	Lining and glandular epithelium: structure, functions and main examples.Connective and adipose tissue. Cartilage. Bone tissue. Blood.Muscular tissues: morphology of smooth and striated muscles.Nervous tissue (neuron, synapses, nerve fibers).Gametogenesis and Fertilization.First stages of embryo development. Stem cells.