Unit LABORATORY MEDICINE

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Code	A001701
Location	TERNI
CFU	2
Teacher	Oxana Bereshchenko
Teachers	Oxana Bereshchenko
Hours	25 ore - Oxana Bereshchenko
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Medicina di laboratorio e diagnostica integrata
Academic discipline	BIO/12
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	General principles of the Laboratory Medicine. Basic principles of the laboratory methods and data interpretation. ¿Some basic knowledge of the new techniques used in “personalized medicine” and useful for identification of novel disease markers
Reference texts	G. Federici¿Laboratory medicine.¿McGraw-Hill; ¿Essential clinical biochemistry. E. Albi, T. Beccari, S. Cataldi, Zanichelli; Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio, Ciaccio, Lippi, EdiSES
Educational objectives	The objective of this course is to describe general principles of techniques used in a biomedical laboratory and provide tools to evaluate the significance, methods and degree of information the medical personnel can obtain from a standard analytes or from specific disease markers. ¿The course provides to the medical student the overview of biochemistry and molecular biology methods used in the the laboratory
Prerequisites	The course makes numerous connections with physics, chemistry, biochemistry and physiology, herefore basic knowledge related to organic and inorganic chemistry, physics and physiology is required.
Teaching methods	Frontal teaching
Learning verification modality	Written test (when epidemiological situation permits it):¿Multiple choice questions.¿Five possible answers of which only one is correct.¿Exam duration 30 minutes.¿The evaluation criteria will be based on the understanding of the topics covered, on the acquisition of the proposed concepts and methodologies and on the ability to apply them independently and consciously.
Extended program	Laboratory exams. Biochemistry methods and techniques. Sampling. Error in laboratory exams. Analitical and pre-analytical variability. Normalization of the pre-analytical phase. Centrifugation techniques. ¿Biological variability. Reference values. Test accuracy, precision, sensibility, repeatability, reproducibility. Diagnostic sensibility and specificity. Exams of the urines. ¿Spectrophotometry techniques and its applications. Principles of clinical enzymology. Application of clinical enzymology. Markers of organ lesion. Isoenzymes. Electrophoresis. Peptidogram. Methods involving antibodies. ELISA. Flow cytometry. Western Blotting.¿Transcription, replication, translation, RNA, DNA, gene, splicing, epigenetica. Alterazioni genetiche. PCR, real-time PCR. Molecular diagnostics. Principles, applications, notions genotype, phenotype, mutation.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Code	A001700
Location	TERNI
CFU	2
Teacher	Antonella Mencacci
Teachers	Antonella Mencacci
Hours	25 ore - Antonella Mencacci
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Patologia generale e molecolare, immunopatologia, fisiopatologia generale, microbiologia e parassitologia
Academic discipline	MED/07
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

Code	GP005860
Location	TERNI
CFU	2
Teacher	Stefano Brancorsini
Teachers	Stefano Brancorsini
Hours	25 ore - Stefano Brancorsini
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Medicina di laboratorio e diagnostica integrata
Academic discipline	MED/05
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Variability in laboratory medicine. Hemochromocytometric test and coaugulationPlasmatic proteins and enzymes in clinical diagnosis. Evaluation of relevant renal, cardiac and hepatic diseases.Evaluation and comprehension of hydroelectrolytic balance. Evaluation of relevant endocrine alterations
Reference texts	G. Federici, Medicina di laboratorio. McGraw-Hill Editore, 2014. Pontieri - Russo - Frati e AA.VV., Patologia generale e fisiopatologia generale - II volume. Piccin Editore. Antonozzi I, Gulletta E. Medicina di Laboratorio. Logica & Patologia clinica. Piccin Editore 2012.
Educational objectives	This course represents the first teaching where basic knowledge such as Biochemistry are correlated to General Pathology and Pathophysiology. Students will be able to understand and decode information from laboratories and associate them to pathophysiological events and define the correct diagnosis, avoiding data misinterpretation. The main competences of students will be the correct evaluation of biomedical parameters in renal, cardiac, hepatic, immunological and haematological diseases and to have the appropriate knowledge for the use of blood products
Prerequisites	Very important: Microbiology, Fisiology, Pathology, and Immunology
Teaching methods	Face-to-face and seminar lectures with audiovisual material on all subjects of the Course
Other information	No additional information
Learning verification modality	Oral examination (2 queries/15 minutes for  "Microbiologia clinica" and "Patologia Clinica") and written quiz (for "Biochimica clinica).
Extended program	Introduction to Pathology and variability in laboratory medicine. Hemochromocytometric test: anemia and number abnormalities of leucocytes and platelets. Coaugulation: physiology of coagulation, laboratory medicine of coagulation disorders. Markers in Oncology. Molecular biology and genetic tests for diagnosis of tumors. Plasmatic proteins: alteration of plasmatic proteins and their diagnostic significance. Enzymes in clinical diagnosis: evaluation of cardiac and hepatic diseases. Transfusion and relative laboratory medicine approaches. Kidney: evaluation of relevant kidney diseases. Urine analysis: normal composition and alteration pathogenesis. Evaluation and comprehension of hydroelectrolytic balance and hemogasanalysis interpretation Evaluation of sodium, potassium homeostasis and alteration. Acidosis and alkalosis. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus metabolisms. Evaluation of relevant endocrine alterations

PROFESSIONALISING TRAINING IN CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Code	GP005866
Location	TERNI
CFU	1
Teacher	Antonella Mencacci
Teachers	Antonella Mencacci
Hours	25 ore - Antonella Mencacci
Learning activities	Altro
Area	Tirocini formativi e di orientamento
Academic discipline	MED/07
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Sampling of clinical specimens for microbiology. Principal microbiologic diagnostic methods used in bacteriology, viralogy, and mycology.
Reference texts	see Clinical Microbiology - EUCAST
Educational objectives	Knowledge of appropriate tests to diagnose bacterial and viral infections
Teaching methods	laboratory practice
Learning verification modality	Oral examination
Extended program	Sampling of clinical specimens for microbiology. Upper respiratory tract and genital tract sampling. Wound sampling. Serum sampling. Principal microbiologic diagnostic methods: microscopy, culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Mass spetrometry MALDI-TOF for bacteria identification. Real-time PCR.

PROFESSIONALISING TRAINING IN CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

Code	GP005865
Location	TERNI
CFU	1
Teacher	Stefano Brancorsini
Teachers	Stefano Brancorsini
Hours	25 ore - Stefano Brancorsini
Learning activities	Altro
Area	Tirocini formativi e di orientamento
Academic discipline	MED/05
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Setup and organization of a medicine laboratory. Input and output of laboratory. Analysis of analytical data and their evaluation
Reference texts	G. Federici, Medicina di laboratorio. McGraw-Hill Editore, 2014. Pontieri - Russo - Frati e AA.VV., Patologia generale e fisiopatologia generale - II volume. Piccin Editore. Antonozzi I, Gulletta E. Medicina di Laboratorio. Logica & Patologia clinica. Piccin Editore 2012.
Educational objectives	This course represents the first teaching where basic knowledge such as Biochemistry are correlated to General Pathology and Pathophysiology. This internship has the aim to elaborate relevant topics and to knowledge specific problems about organization and correct functioning of diagnostic laboratory to better understand the analytical data and evaluation of clinical information.
Prerequisites	Very important: Biology, Fisiology, pathology, and immunology.
Teaching methods	Seminars for large groups of studentsAccess of small groups of students in the medical laboratories.
Other information	No additional information
Learning verification modality	Oral examination (2 queries/15 minutes for each "modulo".
Extended program	The internship has the aim to elaborate practically specific topics of the programme already reported in the module of Clinical Pathology. This course will be done by seminars for large groups of students and by access of small groups of students in the medical laboratories.