Unit GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1
- Course
- Medicine and surgery
- Study-unit Code
- GP001253
- Location
- TERNI
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Stefano Brancorsini
- CFU
- 8
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2020
- Offered
- 2021/22
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa integrata
GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - MOD. 1
| Code | GP004709 |
|---|---|
| Location | TERNI |
| CFU | 7 |
| Teacher | Stefano Brancorsini |
| Teachers |
|
| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Caratterizzante |
| Area | Patologia generale e molecolare, immunopatologia, fisiopatologia generale, microbiologia e parassitologia |
| Academic discipline | MED/04 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | CONCEPT OF DISEASE INTRINSIC CAUSES – Genetic and congenital diseases EXTRINSIC CAUSES – Diseases by physical, chemical ans environmental agents CELLULAR PATHOLOGY – mechanisms of cell damage, degeneration and regressive processes. Cell death and calcification |
| Reference texts | Pontieri, Russo, Frati "Patogia generale- I Tomo" Piccin Ed Kumar, Abbas, Fausto, Aster "Robbins e Cotran: Le basi patologiche delle malattie - Patologia generale" VIII ed - Elsevier Masson Dianzani "Istituzioni di Patologia Generale" IV ed - UTET ed. |
| Educational objectives | This course is for the student the first teaching that allows to understand the genetic diseases as well as diseases by environmental, physical and chemical agents.The main aim of this teaching is to provide students with the bases needed to address not only the causes of disease, but also the pathological effect on cells and tissues, strengthening knowledge of physiology and molecular and chemical biology needed to understand pathological processes from molecules to human physiological systems.Main knowledge acquired will be:Knowledge of mutations and corresponding diseasesEffects of chromosomal alterationsEvaluation of congenital diseasesEffects of environmental, chemical and physical agents on molecular structures of cellsEssential knowledge of cell response to various causes of disease and pathological consequencesFeatures of cell deathThe main competences will be:Identification of causes of disease to give the correct clinical approach of diseasesAnalysis of biomedical information from diagnostic techniques. |
| Prerequisites | In order to be able to understand and apply the majority of argument described within the Course, it is necessary to have successfully passed the Physiology exam. Moreover, other topics matter of the module require deep knowledge of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Anatomy and Histology. Their knowledge represents a mandatory prerequisite for student planning to follow this course with profit. |
| Teaching methods | Face-to-face and seminar lectures with audiovisual material on all subjects of the Course |
| Other information | No additional information |
| Learning verification modality | The exam consists of an oral test as interview of about 20-30 minutes long aiming to ascertain the knowledge level and the understanding capability acquired by the student on issues proposed. The interview is focused on three important arguments (Pathology, Inflammation/Oncology and Phisiopathology) and require theoretical insights and clarification of details by members of the board of examiners. The examination, as a whole, allows to verify both the ability of knowledge and understanding, and the ability to apply the acquired skills and to develop solutions for independent judgement. |
| Extended program | CONCEPT OF DISEASE Health status and causes of disease. Concept of etiology and pathogenesis. INTRINSIC CAUSES - Genetic Diseases Experimental models of genetic diseases. Monogenic autosomal and heterochromosomes. Genetic heterogeneity, allelic heterogeneity, interactions between genes and their products, gene-environment interactions, dynamics and somatic mutations, epigenetic modifications. Mutations in the DNA repair mechanisms. Genetic susceptibility to disease in humans. Concept of penetrance. Pathology of the genetic defect blood: Thalassemia - Spherocytosis - sickling - Hemophilia. Deficiency of G-6-PD. Muscular dystrophies. Metabolism of amino acids: Phenylketonuria-Albinism-Alkaptonuria. Mutation of receptor proteins and transport systems: cystic fibrosis, familial hypercholesterolaemia. Lysosomal enzyme deficiency: Wolman's disease, lipidosis, gangliosidosis, mucopolysaccharidosis and glycogenosis. Mutation of extracellular structural proteins: Pathology of hereditary collagen (S. Ehler Danlos syndrome) inherited disorder of elastic fibers (Marfan S.). Diseases of mitochondrial DNA mutations and Impriniting. Disease complex and multifactorial inheritance. Chromosomal abnormalities. Numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities: Down syndrome, Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome. Introduction to Instrumental Analysis of gene expression in the diagnosis of human diseases. Embryopathy and fetopathy physical, infectious, endocrine, and toxic. Extrinsic causes - DISEASES BY PHYSICAL AGENTS Ionizing radiation. Low and high temperatures frostbite and burns. Electricity and electromagnetic. Chemical and environmental poisons. Dietary causes. Free radicals. Oxidative stress and reperfusion injury. Biological agents. Infections, infections and intoxications. Virulence factors. Natural defense mechanisms and tissue response against pathogens. Host-parasite relationship. CELLULAR PATHOLOGY Mechanisms of cellular damage. Regressive processes. Physiological and pathological causes atrophy. Vacuolar and hydropic degeneration. Hyaline degeneration and mucosa. Steatosis. Extracellular regressive processes. Amyloidosis. Hyaline degeneration, fibrinoid and mucosa. Extracellular matrix and its components: structure, biosynthesis and degradation of matrix components and its alterations. Cell-matrix interactions and their alterations. Fibrosis, cirrhosis, sclerosis. Cell death. Necrosis. Various types of necrosis. Gangrene. The results of the necrotic process. Post-mortem autolysis. Apoptosis. Molecular events of apoptotic death. Pathological pigmentations. Calcification and heterotopic ossification. |
GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - MOD. 2
| Code | GP004710 |
|---|---|
| Location | TERNI |
| CFU | 1 |
| Teacher | Marina Maria Bellet |
| Teachers |
|
| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Caratterizzante |
| Area | Patologia generale e molecolare, immunopatologia, fisiopatologia generale, microbiologia e parassitologia |
| Academic discipline | MED/04 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | Atrophy and cell injury. Regeneration and adaptive cell responses. Aging and senescence. Pathology of blood and altered activity of blood cells. Thrombosis and DIC |
| Reference texts | Pontieri, Russo, Frati "Patogia generale - Tomo I" 5 ed - Piccin Kumar, Abbas, Aster "Robbins e Cotran: Le basi patologiche delle malattie - Patologia generale" 9 ed - Elsevier Dianzani "Istituzioni di Patologia Generale" IV ed - UTET |
| Educational objectives | This course is for the student the first teaching that allows to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic causes of disease, including the process of senescence and aging of the cells and their mechanisms to adapt to reversible or irreversible injury. The main aim of this teaching is to provide students with the bases needed to address not only the causes of disease, but also the pathological effect on cells and tissues, strengthening knowledge of physiology and molecular and cellular biology needed to understand pathological processes from molecules to human physiological systems. Main knowledge acquired will be: knowledge of the adaptive mechanisms of the cell; theory of senescence and their mechanisms; aging and cellular mechanism of diseases; knowledge of the pathology of blood cells. The main competences will be the definition of the causes of disease in order to acquire the correct clinical approach for their identification, and for the analysis of biomedical information derived from different diagnostic techniques. |
| Prerequisites | In order to be able to understand and succesfully deal with the majority of argument described within the Course, it is necessary to have successfully passed the Physiology exam. Moreover, other topics matter of the module require deep knowledge of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Anatomy and Histology. Their knowledge represents a mandatory prerequisite for student planning to follow this course with profit. |
| Teaching methods | Face-to-face and seminar lectures with audiovisual material on all subjects of the Course |
| Other information | No additional information |
| Learning verification modality | The exam consists of an oral test as interview of about 20-30 minutes, aiming to ascertain the knowledge level and the understanding capability acquired by the student on issues proposed. The interview is focused on three important arguments (Pathology, Inflammation/Oncology and Phisiopathology) and require theoretical insights and clarification of details by members of the board of examiners. The examination, as a whole, allows to verify both the ability of knowledge and understanding, and the ability to apply the acquired skills and to develop solutions for independent judgement. |
| Extended program | Hypertrophy and hyperplasia physiological and causes. Atrophy, regenerative process in labile, stable and perennial cells. Liver regeneration. Aging. Theories of senescence. Senescence in mitotic and post-mitotic cells. Aging at the organism, cellular and subcellular level. Programmed aging. Pathology of aging. Pathology of blood. Erythrocytes: Polycythemia. Hemoglobinopathies. Anemia. White blood cells and leukocytosis. Platelets and the process of hemostasis. Bleeding. Thrombosis and embolism. DIC. |