Unit APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
- Course
- Geology for energy resources
- Study-unit Code
- GP006020
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Maurizio Ercoli
- Teachers
-
- Maurizio Ercoli
- Hours
- 63 ore - Maurizio Ercoli
- CFU
- 9
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2020
- Offered
- 2020/21
- Learning activities
- Caratterizzante
- Area
- Discipline geofisiche
- Academic discipline
- GEO/10
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
- Language of instruction
- English
- Contents
- Geophysical methods and their applicability. Planning of a geophysics campaign. General concepts of recording, processing and interpretation of geophysical data.
Seismic methods.
Gravimetric, Geomagnetic and Electromagnetic methods.
Applications and case histories. - Reference texts
- - Slides provided by the professor.
- Telford, W. M., Geldart, L. P., Sheriff, R. E. & Keys, D. A., 1976. Applied Geophysics, Cambridge University Press, London, Cambridge.
- Anstey N.A., 1982. Simple Seismic. IHRDC, Boston.
- Sheriff, R.E., 1991. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Exploration Geophysics. Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
- Yilmaz, O., 2001. Seismic Data Analysis: Processing, Inversion, and Interpretation of Seismic Data (two volumes). Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
- Young R. A., 2004. A Lab Manual of Seismic Reflection Processing. EAGE Publications.
- Biondo L. Biondi, 2006. 3D Seismic Imaging. Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
- Chopra, S. and Marfurt, K. J., 2007. Seismic Attributes for Prospect Identification and Reservoir Characterization. Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
- Lowrie W., 2007 (Second Edition). Fundamental of Geophysics. Cambridge University Press, London, Cambridge.
- Jol., H., M., 2009. Ground Penetrating Radar Theory and Applications. Elsevier. - Educational objectives
- The course represents a deepening of the topics covered in the basic geophysics courses and examines theoretical and technical / practical aspects useful for the management, analysis and display of geophysical data.
The main objective is to provide students bases on the acquisition and processing of geophysical data that allow a 'conscious interpretation aimed at a correct reconstruction of geological models of the subsurface.
Main knowledge acquired will be:
- basic theoretical and practical knowledge of geophysical techniques included in the course program.
- base theoretical knowledge on geomagnetic and gravimetric methods.
- specific knowledge of seismic methods (in particular seismic reflection), electromagnetic (in particular Ground Penetrating Radar).
- basic knowledge on the computation and use of seismic attributes.
The main competence will be:
- ability to plan a geophysical survey, identification of the objective and of the most appropriate method, selection of proper station interval, detection of noise sources, data analysis and processing, critical evaluation of the used methods and procedures, integration of different geophysical methods and data, also geological ones.
- knowledge of the main characteristics of tools, equipment and main parameters necessary for a correct acquisition of geophysical data.
- knowledge of the general characteristics of software, algorithms and parameters necessary for a proper processing.
- knowledge of the basic tools for an accurate interpretation of geophysical data. - Prerequisites
- In order to be able to understand and apply the majority of the techniques described within the course, you must have successfully passed the Physics (mandatory), Mathematics (mandatory) and Terrestrial Physics (important) exams. Knowledge of these concepts represents a mandatory prerequisite for students planning to follow this course with profit.
In detail, with regard to the module of Terrestrial Physics:
General concepts of Geophysics: anomaly and interpretation of geophysical data.
Elements of seismology: types of seismic waves, wave propagation, acoustic impedance.
Active seismic: General principles of seismic refraction and reflection. Travel-time curves, thickness and velocity of the seismic layers.
Gravimetry and Magnetism. General principles, meaning of the anomalies and their interpretation. - Teaching methods
- The course is organized as follows:
- lectures in class or via internet (Covid-19 procedure) on all subjects of the course;
- practical lab exercises at the computer in laboratory or via internet remote connection for the analysis and treatment of geophysical data (reflection seismic and ground penetrating radar); data, softwares and presentations will be provided to the students for additional individual exercises.
- field survey training and practice for the acquisition of Ground Penetrating Radar data.
- seminars and workgroups - Other information
- Department of Physics and Geology, Piazza Università 1, 06100 Perugia.
https://www.fisgeo.unipg.it/fisgejo/index.php/en/students/geology-degree-programs/msc-in-geology-for-energy-resources.html - Learning verification modality
- The exam will be normally held through a written document, or possibly as an oral exam via institutional web platform (e.g. Micr. Teams) due to the Covid-19 Emergency
The exam will verify the understanding of theoretical concepts and practical aspects related to the treatment of geophysical data, finalized to a correct interpretation of the subsurface.
The exam will be a written test no more than two hours long, with multiple choice questions including brief computational exercises and a final oral revision of the test with the student.
The exam aims to ascertain knowledge level and the understanding capability acquired by the student on theoretical and methodological contents as indicated on the program (acquisition, processing of geophysical data, in particular seismic reflection and ground penetrating radar), the understanding of the issues proposed and the ability to evaluate and choose the most correct answer among others incorrect or only partially true.
The final score will be calculated on the basis of the correct answers on the totality of the given questions and of a final oral revision of the test with the student. The exam will verify the ability of knowledge and understanding, the ability to apply the acquired skills and the ability to learn, develop and figure out correct solutions with an own independent judgment. - Extended program
- Introduction:
Overview of geophysical techniques and their applicability. Planning a geophysical survey: identification of the goal, definition of the station interval, analysis of the data.
Applied Seismology and Seismic methods:
Elastic waves; Seismic waves; Propagation, refraction, reflection, diffraction and transmission of incident rays; Velocity; Intrinsic attenuation; Spherical divergence; Scattering; Seismic sources; Detection and registration of seismic waves; Seismic refraction; Seismic Reflection, acquisition, processing and waveform analysis; Types of velocities; Resolution; Seismic waveform and principles of signal analysis; A/D conversion, SEG-Y data format; Structural and tectonic interpretation of seismic reflection profiles; Seismic attributes.
Gravimetric method:
Physical principles; Gravity measurements; Ellipsoid and Geoid and their pratical use; Gravity anomalies; Free Air and Bouguer corrections; Interpretation methods: regional and residual field, anomalies due to bodies having different geometries, determination of depth and mass; Applications and case histories.
Geomagnetic method:
Physical principles and units; Magnetic properties of rocks: susceptibility of rocks and minerals; The Earth's magnetic field: components of the Earth's magnetic field, temporal variations of the field; Magnetic instruments; Magnetic survey; Qualitative and Quantitative Interpretation: anomalies due to bodies with different geometries, determination of depth. Applications and case histories.
Electromagnetic Methods:
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR): Physical principles; Dielectric properties of the materials; GPR systems and antennas configurations; Single fold and multi-fold data; Data acquisition; Data processing; Interpretation techniques; Analysis of 2D and 3D data; comparison with Reflection seismic; Applications and case histories, with a focus on seismic reservoir analogues.