Unit GENERAL PHYSICS
- Course
- Building engineering and architecture
- Study-unit Code
- GP004886
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Nicola Tomassetti
- CFU
- 8
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2020
- Offered
- 2020/21
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa integrata
PHYSICS I
| Code | GP004892 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 5 |
| Teacher | Nicola Tomassetti |
| Teachers |
|
| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Discipline fisico-tecniche ed impiantistiche per l'architettura |
| Academic discipline | FIS/01 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian (English on demand) |
| Contents | Physical quantities and units of measurements. Scalar and vector quantities, notions of vector calculus. Mono and bidimensional kinematics. Newton's laws and their applications. Work and Kinetic Energy. Potential energy and conservation of mechanical energy. Momentum and shocks. Rotational motions. Rigid body dynamics. Center of mass and rolling motion. Simple harmonic oscillator. Fluid. Introduction to thermodynamics. |
| Reference texts | Halliday-Resnick, "Fundamentals of Physics" Jewett-Serway, "PRINCIPI DI FISICA" EdiSES (english version available) |
| Educational objectives | Understanding the fundamental principles of mechanics. Ability to apply theoretical knowledge in solving simple problems on the topics covered in the course. |
| Prerequisites | Scientific notation. Multiple and sub-multiples of the units of measurement. Equivalencies. Basic notions of vector algebra. Trigonometry. Function study. Basic notions of differential and integral calculus. Euclidean geometry. Analytic geometry. |
| Teaching methods | Lessons and exercises on all the topics of the course. |
| Learning verification modality | The verification of the educational objectives of the Physics education involves passing a compulsory written test, which requires the solution of 3 open-ended problems on the topics covered in the Physics 1 and Physics 2 module (the exam is joint) to be performed in 3 hours, and an optional oral exam for those students who, having passed the written test with a mark higher than 18/30, wish to improve the evaluation. The tests aim to verify: i) the ability to understand the problems proposed during the course, ii) the ability to correctly apply the theoretical knowledge (Dublin descriptor 2), iii) the ability to formulate observations independently of judgment appropriate on possible modeling alternatives (Dublin descriptor 3), iv) the ability to communicate effectively and pertinently in written form (Dublin 4). |
| Extended program | KINEMATICS OF THE MATERIAL POINT Rectilinear motion, speed of rectilinear motion, acceleration in rectilinear motion, vertical motion of the body, simple harmonic motion, rectilinear motion exponentially paid out, speed and acceleration as a function of position. Motion in the plane: position and velocity, acceleration in the plane, circular motion, parabolic motion of bodies, motion in space, rectilinear relative motion in the plane. READ NEWTON AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO POINT DYNAMICS Inertia principle. Newton's laws. Resultant of forces and balance. Supporting reactions. Classification of forces. Dynamic force action. Force weight. Friction force: static, dynamic, viscous. Inclined plane. Elastic forces. Introduction to the simple harmonic oscillator. Centripetal Force. Motion of a material point that runs through a plane and elevated curve in the absence and presence of friction. Thread tension. Simple pendulum and simple harmonic oscillator. DYNAMICS OF THE MATERIAL POINT Momentum and impulse. Work. Power. Kinetic energy. Work of the weight force. Work of an elastic force. Work of a sliding friction force. Conservative forces. Potential energy. Conservation of mechanical energy. Conservation of momentum. IMPACT PHENOMENA AND STORAGE LAWS Momentum and impulse. Conservation of momentum. Impacts between 2 material points. Impact completely inelastic, elastic shock, inelastic shock. Angular momentum. Impacts between material points and extended bodies. KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS OF MATERIAL POINT SYSTEMS Relative motions. Inertial and non-inertial reference systems. Point systems. Internal force and external forces. Center of mass. Center of mass motion theorem. Conservation of momentum. Angular momentum theorem. Preservation of angular momentum. Center of mass reference system. Koenig theorems. STATIC AND DYNAMIC OF RIGID AND EXTENDED BODIES Properties of a rigid body. Continuous body. Density and position of the center of mass. Motion of a rigid body. Rigid rotations around a fixed axis in an inertial reference system. Moment of inertia. Huygen-Steiner theorem. Conservation laws in the motion of a rigid body. Static equilibrium of the rigid body. Pure rolling motion. Torsion pendulum and outline of the elastic properties of solids. INTRODUCTION TO FLUID DYNAMICS Fluids. Pressure. Static equilibrium of a fluid. Principle of Archimedes. Stevino's law Viscosity and viscous friction. Ideal fluid. Stationary regime. Capacity. Bernoulli's theorem. Outline of vortex motion: the Reynolds number. FIRST PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS Thermodynamic systems and states. Thermodynamic equilibrium. Principle of thermal equilibrium. Temperature and heat. Joule experiments. Adiabatic systems. First law of thermodynamics. Internal energy. Thermodynamic transformations. Work and Heat. Calorimetry. IDEAL AND REAL GASES Gas laws. Equation of state of ideal gases. Gas and work transformations. Specific heats. Internal gas energy ideal. PV diagram and PT diagram. Thermodynamic transformations on the Clapeyron plane. Cyclic transformations. Carnot cycle. Real gases. Equation of state. Internal energy and enthalpy. Kinetic theory of gases. Kinetic meaning of temperature. Real gases: equation of state and internal energy. THIRD PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS Statements of the second principle. Reversibility and irreversibility. Carnot theorem. Absolute temperature. Third principle of thermodynamics. Clausius theorem. Entropy. The principle of nullification of entropy. Ideal gas entropy. |
ELECTROMAGNETISM
| Code | GP004893 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 3 |
| Teacher | Maura Graziani |
| Teachers |
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| Hours |
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| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Discipline fisico-tecniche ed impiantistiche per l'architettura |
| Academic discipline | FIS/01 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian (English on demand) |
| Contents | Electrostatic force. Electrostatic field. Electrical work. Electrostatic potential. The law of Gauss. Conductors. Dielectrics. Electrostatic energy. Electric current. Magnetic field. Magnetic force. Magnetic field sources. Time-varying electric and magnetic fields. |
| Reference texts | Halliday-Resnick, "Fundamentals of Physics"(english version available) Mazzoldi, Nigro, Voci, "ELEMENTI DI FISICA - Elettromagnetismo e onde" EdiSES Jewett -Serway,"PRINCIPI DI FISICA" EdiSES English version available |
| Educational objectives | Provide students with the basics for understanding the fundamental principles of electromagnetism starting from the observation of natural electromagnetic phenomena. The main knowledge acquired will concern: - Electrostatic force. Electrostatic field - Electrical work. Electrostatic potential - The law of Gauss - Conductors. Dielectrics. Electrostatic energy - Electric current - Magnetic field. Magnetic force - Magnetic field sources. - Time-varying electric and magnetic fields The main skills will be: - being able to recognize the physical laws that govern natural phenomena, - to know how to apply the laws of electromagnetism to the solution of problems of considerable practical relevance. |
| Prerequisites | The topics of the Physics I module (fields of forces, energy, work, conservation fields) and advanced mathematical analysis skills (integration techniques, simple series developments). |
| Teaching methods | Lessons and exercises on all the topics of the course. |
| Learning verification modality | The verification of the educational objectives of the Physics education involves passing a compulsory written test, which requires the solution of 3 open-ended problems on the topics covered in the Physics 1 and Physics 2 module (the exam is joint) to be performed in 3 hours, and an optional oral exam for those students who, having passed the written test with a mark higher than 18/30, wish to improve the evaluation. The tests aim to verify: i) the ability to understand the problems proposed during the course, ii) the ability to correctly apply the theoretical knowledge (Dublin descriptor 2), iii) the ability to formulate observations independently of judgment appropriate on possible modeling alternatives (Dublin descriptor 3), iv) the ability to communicate effectively and pertinently in written form (Dublin 4). |
| Extended program | ELECTROSTATIC FORCE, ELECTROSTATIC FIELD, ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL Electrical charges, insulators and conductors, electrical structure of the matter, Coulomb's law, electrostatic field, lines of force of the electrostatic field, motion of a charge in the electrostatic field. Work of the electric force, calculation of the electrostatic potential, electrostatic potential energy. GAUSS THEOREM Electrostatic field induced by continuous charge distributions. Motion of a charge in an electrostatic field. Calculation of the electric potential. Equipotential surfaces. Electric dipole. Flow of the electrostatic field. Gauss theorem. CONDUCTORS AND DIELECTRIC Proof of the Gauss theorem and its applications. Divergence of the electrostatic field. Conductors in equilibrium. Hollow conductors and electrostatic shield. Capacitors, series and parallel connection. Capacitor and electrostatic field energy. Dielectrics: dielectric constant and polarization. General equations of electrostatics in the presence of dielectrics. ELECTRICITY AND CIRCUITS Electrical conduction. Electric current and current density. Ohm's law. Series and parallel resistors. Electromotive force. Charge and discharge of a capacitor. Direct current RC circuits. Kirchhoff's laws. MAGNETIC FIELD AND MAGNETIC FORCE Magnetic interaction. Magnetic field. Electricity and magnetism. Magnetic force on a moving charge and on a current-carrying wire. Mechanical moments on flat circuits. Hall effect. Motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field. Examples: speed selector, mass spectrometers, cyclotron. SOURCES OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD. LAW OF AMPERE. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER Magnetic field produced by a current. Magnetic fields produced by circuits. Electrodynamic actions between current-carrying wires. Ampère's law. Magnetic properties of matter. Permeability and magnetic susceptibility. Magnetization mechanisms and Amperian currents. Gauss law for the magnetic field. General equations of magnetostatics in the presence of magnetized media. TIME VARIABLE ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Law of Faraday Neumann Lentz. Induced electric field and f.e.m. induced. Applications of Faraday's law: direct current generator, alternating current generator, magnetic field measurements. Self-induction. Extra opening and closing currents of an inductive circuit. Magnetic energy. Mutual induction. Maxwell's Law of Ampere. Maxwell equations: integral form, differential form, physical meaning. Conservation of electric charge and continuity equation. ALTERNATE CURRENTS Electric oscillations. Alternating current circuits. RLC circuits. Resonance. Power of alternating current circuits. Operating principle of a transformer. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES Introduction to electromagnetic waves. Flat waves. Energy of an electromagnetic wave Poynting vector. Polarization of a wave. |