Unit FUNDAMENTALS OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
- Course
- Biotechnology
- Study-unit Code
- A001791
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Elisabetta Chiaradia
- Teachers
-
- Elisabetta Chiaradia
- Hours
- 42 ore - Elisabetta Chiaradia
- CFU
- 6
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2020
- Offered
- 2022/23
- Learning activities
- Affine/integrativa
- Area
- Attività formative affini o integrative
- Academic discipline
- BIO/10
- Type of study-unit
- Opzionale (Optional)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
- Macronutrients, hydrosoluble and liposoluble vitamins, micro and macro elements: absorption, bioavailability, biochemical nutritional,regolatory role; biochemical mechanisms of digestion, absorption and utilization of carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, cholesterol. Their role in energy supply and other terms. Metabolic integrations and interrelations related to feeding / fasting .
- Reference texts
- G. Arienti. "Le basi molecolari della Nutrizione". Piccin.
Ugo Leuzzi, Ersilia Bellocco, Davide Barreca "Biochimica della nutrizione". Zanichelli
I.COZZANI e E. DAINESE. Biochimica degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione - Educational objectives
- The aim of the course is to give a basic knowledge about the biochemical and nutritional characteristics of macro- and micronutrients in common foods, of their dietary intake and their role metabolism . At the end of the course the student must have acquired the necessary knowledge of the complex biochemical / molecular phenomena underlying human and animal nutrition.
The student will have to acquire skills in analyzing the metabolic fate of nutrients, identifying the strategies necessary to increase their bioavailability and absorption and in recognizing the possible nutritional deficiencies derived from unbalanced and unsuitable - Prerequisites
- To have a satisfactory understanding of the course topics, a good basic knowledge of the main molecular components of the cell and of the related biochemical processes is required, during the course various concepts of general biochemistry are recalled.
- Teaching methods
- Lectures on course topics by PPT slide
- Other information
- Learning verification modality
- Oral examination (about 30 minutes) to ascertaining the level of knowledge about course topics.
Furthermore, the student must be able to decribe the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolism of biomolecules by using and appropriate scientific language. The student have to be able to describe and analyze problems related to nutrient and metabolism properly ( by using biochemical terms
For information on support services for students with disabilities and / or DSA visit the page http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa - Extended program
- Introduction. Foods and nutrients. Overview of general biochemistry and metabolism (2 hours)
Biochemical aspects of digestive processes and nutrient absorption. Bioavailability. The role of the enterocyte. Transport systems (2 hours).
Hydro and liposoluble vitamins: structure and properties, metabolic role, synthesis (8 hours)
Iron, copper, zinc and selenium: Absorption and metabolic role (4 hours)
Krebs cycle: metabolic role and hormonal regulation (2 hours)
Carbohydrate : Digestion of polysaccharides (starch, cellulose / hemicellulose, pectins) and characteristics of intestinal monosaccharide transporters. Lactose intolerance. Metabolic fates glucose and other monosaccharides (summary). Gluconeogenesis and precursors (oxalacetate, lactate, alanine, glycerol and propionyl-CoA). Regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. Role of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. Glycogen metabolism: glycogenolysis and glycogen synthesis and their regulation. (6 hours)
Lipids: Nomenclature. Essential fatty acids. Lipid digestion and absorption: Acids and bile salts, lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL and HDL). Mobilization of triacylglycerol. Fatty acid catabolism (summary). Role of carnitine. Synthesis of fatty acids and its regulation, desaturase and elongase. Conjugated of linoleic acid isomers (CLA) - rumen biohydrogenation. Dietary cholesterol and endogenous cholesterol. Cholesterol biosynthesis and its regulation. (6 hours)
Ketone bodies: ketogenesis and metabolic role (2 hours)
Amino acids and proteins. Protein turnover and pool aminocid. Protein digestion process. Enterocyte of amino acids and peptides transport systems at the level. Lysosomal proteolysis and ubiquitin proteasome system. Catabolism of amino acids (summary). Metabolic fates of aminoacid: glucogenic, ketogenic and mixed amino acids. Essential, non-essential, conditionally essential and branched amino acids. (7 hours). Metabolism of ethanol (1 hour)
Metabolic inter-relations and metabolic modifications in the feeding-fasting cycle (2 hours)