Unit IMMUNOLOGY, CELL AND TISSUE BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Course
- Molecular and industrial biotechnology
- Study-unit Code
- 55278212
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Francesco Grignani
- CFU
- 9
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2023
- Offered
- 2023/24
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa integrata
CELLULAR AND TISSUE BIOTECHNOLOGY
| Code | 55A01906 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 3 |
| Teacher | Mario Calvitti |
| Teachers |
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| Hours |
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| Learning activities | Affine/integrativa |
| Area | Attività formative affini o integrative |
| Academic discipline | BIO/17 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | Basic notions on the organization of a cell and human tissues. Brief notes on the classification of human tissues, their organization, location and function. Basic histological techniques for their study under the optical and electron microscope. Preparation of some primary cell cultures and their use for therapeutic purposes. |
| Reference texts | Recommended texts for histological techniques: E. Bonucci. Manuale di Istochimica - Edi-Lombardo. M. Melis-F. Carpino-U. Di Tondo. Tecniche in Anatomia Patologica - edi-ermes.- Anatomia Patologica – Le basi – Luigi Ruco, Aldo Scarpa – UTET. In addition to the recommended texts, the teacher will provide paper or digital material to facilitate the study of the various topics. |
| Educational objectives | At the end of the course the student will have to know: A) The basic techniques of histological and histochemical methodologies; B) The basic notions for the realization of cell cultures. |
| Prerequisites | At the beginning of the lessons the student must have basic knowledge of cell biology. |
| Teaching methods | The lessons of Histological and Histochemical Methodologies will be carried out in the histology laboratory as a theoretical-practical activity. The cell culture techniques part of the program will be carried out in the cell culture laboratories. The face-to-face lessons will be held in the laboratories of the Department of Medicine and Surgery - Section of Biosciences and Medical Embryology - Histology laboratories. |
| Other information | Attendance is recommended. |
| Learning verification modality | The student will have to demonstrate, with a theoretical discussion only, that he/she knows: A) The basic techniques of histological and histochemical methodologies; B) The basic notions for the realization of cell cultures. C) Notes on some uses of primary cell cultures. |
| Extended program | The basic histological techniques. The removal and fixation of an organ fragment. Paraffin embedding. The various tools for setting up a histological section in paraffin. Histological stains. The Cryostat. The techniques of Electron Microscopy. The optical microscopes. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Basic knowledge of the following histological and histochemical stains: Hematoxylin-Eosin, Azan-Mallory, Weigert's Resorcin Fuchsin, Toluidine Blue, Alcian Blue, PAS, Vön Kossa, May - Grünwald Giemsa. Hard tissue cutting techniques (bones and teeth). Notes on the techniques of immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. |
IMMUNOLOGICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
| Code | 55A02006 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 6 |
| Teacher | Francesco Grignani |
| Teachers |
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| Hours |
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| Learning activities | Caratterizzante |
| Area | Discipline per le competenze professionali |
| Academic discipline | MED/04 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | Biotechnologies using immunological tools in the study, diagnosis and therapy of human pathology, with a selection of the most advanced immunological, cellular and molecular tools. |
| Reference texts | Janeway's Immunobiology Garland Science Abbas, Lichtman, Pillai: Cellular and Molecular Immunology |
| Educational objectives | Basic knowledge of the immune system and the main immunological approaches in the biotechnological sector. In particular, knowledge of classic and modern polyclonal and monoclonal antibody production strategies; on the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of antibodies in oncology, rheumatology and cardiology; on the fundamental immunochemical and immunofluorescence techniques, including the flow cytometer; on the main applications in research of Immunoprecipitation technologies for the analysis of proteins, RNA, and chromatin. |
| Prerequisites | Cell biology and signaling transduction. Innate and specific immune system cells. Basic mechanisms of immune reactivity. |
| Teaching methods | Lectures, class discussions, visualization and commentary of images and laboratory procedures. Viewing movies. Work in a group. Inverted classes. Peer to peer teaching |
| Learning verification modality | Classroom discussion. Presentation of specific topics and insights and Bibliographic searches, as constituents of the oral exam. The exam tends to verify knowledge in the field of Molecular Immunology, the ability to communicate knowledge, the ability to expand knowledge with bibliographic research, the ability to apply knowledge to a concrete case represented by a research problem and the ability to create links between different topics and the ability to work in a team. The exam includes the autonomous construction of an original paper and the presentation of its content in a specified time of 20 minutes. |
| Extended program | - Basic immunology: innate and acquired immunity. Antigens and antigenic recognition by B and T lymphocytes. The antibody response. I-IV hypersensitivity reactions such as allergies and diagnostic tests. - Structure and function of antibodies (Ab) or immunoglobulins (Ig). - Protein immunoprecipitation: principles and uses. - Immunological assays and methods based on the antigen-antibody reaction: precipitation (in solution and agarose gel) and agglutination. Some applications in the biomedical diagnostic field: blood typing, bacterial typing, pregnancy test, Coombs test. Nephelometry, Turbidimetry - Polyclonal antibodies: production of an antiserum and its applications. - Monoclonal antibodies (mAb): production of murine, chimeric, humanized, human mAb (using phage display technology, transgenic animals and other technologies). - Applications of mAb in the diagnostic and therapeutic biomedical field. - Mechanisms of therapeutic antibody activity - Bispecific antibodies, BITEs and Single Chain Variable Fragments (scFv) - Chimeric antigenic receptors (CARs) - Antibodies used in anti-inflammatory therapy and in immune pathologies - Antibodies used in cholesterol lowering therapy - Immune response to tumors and tumor immunotherapy. - Signal transduction of growth factors and main types of receptors. - Antibodies active on proliferative and angiogenetic signaling - Antibodies useful for activating anti-tumor immunity (CTLA-4 system, PD-1 PDL, others) - Cellular immunotherapy and CAR-Ts - Immunotherapeutic combinations. - Chromatin structure and epigenetic regulation of gene expression - Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) - ChIP Sequencing and ChIP on chip - RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) - RIP-Sequencing - Direct and indirect immunofluorescence techniques for the identification of surface and intracellular antigens. - Flow cytometry. Its applications in the analysis of the normal and pathological white blood cell phenotype. Elements of cell sorting. - Radio Immunological Assays (RIA, radio immuno-assay) and Immuno-Enzyme Adsorption ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), for the identification and dosage of antigens and antibodies. Some applications in the biomedical diagnostic field - Transplants and transplant rejection: tissue typing and donor-recipient compatibility tests. - Immune response to infections and strategies for vaccine development. |
| Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile | Health and wellness Quality education Gender equality |