Unit ANATOMICAL PATHOLOGY

ANATOMICAL PATHOLOGY - MOD. 1

Code	GP001353
Location	PERUGIA
CFU	4
Teacher	Angelo Sidoni
Teachers	Angelo Sidoni
Hours	36 ore - Angelo Sidoni
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Discipline anatomo-patologiche e correlazioni anatomo-cliniche
Academic discipline	MED/08
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	.Macroscopic and microscopic morphological aspects of diseases with etiopathogenetic and clicnocytological correlations according to the Italian tradition of Pathological Anatomy
Reference texts	Ruco - Scarpa: Anatomia Patologica – Le basi Utet 2007 Gallo - D’Amati: Anatomia Patologica – La sistematica Utet 2008 Robbins – Cotran: Le basi patologiche delle malattie (2voll) Elsevier 2010 (VIII edizione) Robbins – Cotran: Le basi patologiche delle malattie Test di autovalutazione Elsevier 2011 Rubin – Strayer: Patologia Generale PICCIN 2014 Rubin – Strayer: Anatomia Patologica PICCIN 2014 Anatomia Patologica di MUIR EMSI 2017
Educational objectives	TRAINING AIMS: At the end of the course the student shall be conscious of the contribution provided by Pathological Anatomy to the phisicyan’s decisional process, and must be able to use rationally the information derived from histocytopathologic diagnosis in order to perform the best prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of diseases. To reach these targets the student: 1) must demonstrate a good knowledge about gross and histological features of the main human diseases, and must be able to identify them by etiopathogenetic, physiopathologic, clinic, nosographic and epidemiologic points of view. 2) must know the most important methods used by Pathologist in his work, so that he can suitably manage the materials assigned to histological and cytological exams. The student must also correctly understand histological and cytological diagnosis and be conscious about the collaboration that must exists between the phisicyan and the pathologist.
Prerequisites	The student must know the normal anatomy, histology, physiology and general pathology of all the organs and systems of the human body.
Teaching methods	Formal lectures in the classroom Practical exercises of Macroscopic Pathology Anatomy Demonstration of diagnostic findings Professional training
Other information	Location Medical School, University of Perugia Lucio Severi Square, 1 I-06129 Perugia Italy OTHER ACTIVITIES OFFERED Pathologic activity in the hospital: Divided in small groups and guided by a tutor, the students will visit the “Struttura Complessa di Anatomia e Istologia Patologica” and will take vision of all the activities carried out. Particular attention will be given to the compilation requests for cytologic and histopathologic exams, to the right forward of biological samples and to the fixation of specimens. Autopsy demonstration: The autopsy is a very important medical act, both under formative and clinical points of view. The availability of autopsies depends on clinical units doctors’ requests, therefore we can’t preventively plan them. Students are invited to attend all available autopsies. During the autopsy the pathologist will interactively show the pathological findings, the relative diagnosis and the relationships between them and the signs and symptoms presented by patient in life. In consideration of the deficiency of autopsies the demonstrative activity will be carried out also through archive and/or informatic support cases. ELECTIVE DIDACTIC ACTIVITIES (ADE) Exercitations for small groups of students with microscopic demonstrations of cytological and histological specimens of the principal human diseases. Attendance to the weekly scientific meetings of the Pathological Anatomy Institute. Continuous frequency for preparation of degree thesis. “IN ITINERE” VERIFICATIONS: In the second half of each semester a verification will be done through multiple choice questionnaires, even using gross and histological pictures from informatic supports.
Learning verification modality	Oral examination. The commission, made up of two members, raises three questions regarding the program. The test, lasting not less than thirty minutes, beginning with the signing of the report. In case of unsatisfactory outcome of the first two questions, the student has the right to renounce the continuation of the examination. In case of failure of all three responses is recorded as "rejected" on the report. The final grade is decided collegially as the average grades obtained in individual questions and after appropriate discussion.
Extended program	UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY SPECIALISTIC COURSE PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY TEACHING CORE CURRICULUM General section 1) History of Pathological Anatomy 2) Purposes of the autopsy 3) What is an epycrisis 4) The anatomic-clinical method 5) Biopsies and cytological specimens (collection modality, preservation, fixation, samples forwarding) 6) Intraoperative consultation. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Arteries Atherosclerosis Sistemic necrotizing vasculitis: group of Polyarteritis Nodosa Hypersensitivity vasculitis Granulomatous vasculitis (giant cells vasculitis) Giant cells arteritis Takayasu’s arteritis Specific diseases associated to vasculitis Buerger’s disease (Thromboangiitis obliterans) Raynaud’s disease Atherosclerotic aneurysms Aortitis and syphilitic aneurysms Cystic medial necrosis and related aneurysms, dissecting and not dissecting Veins Venous varix Thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis Upper vena cava syndrome Lower vena cava syndrome Lymphatic vessels Lymphedema Heart Congestive heart failure Left ventricular failure Right ventricular failure Ischemic cardiopathy Angina pectoris Sudden cardiac death Acute myocardial infarction Chronic ischemic cardiopathy Hypertensive cardiopathy Rheumatic carditis Congenital cardiopathies Ventricular septum defects Atrial septum defects Patent ductus arteriosus Aortic coarctation Isolated pulmonary stenosis, isolated aortic stenosis Coronary abnormalities Complete transposition of great arteries Fallot’s tetralogy Cor pulmonale Myocardiopathies Myocarditis Valvular heart diseases Aortic calcific stenosis Mitralic ring calcification Mitral valve prolapse (floppy valve syndrome, Barlow’s syndrome) Endocardium diseases Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis) Nonbacterial verrucous endocarditis (Libman-Sacks’ disease) Carcinoid syndrome Endomyocardial fibroelastosis Cardiac mixoma Valvular prosthesis Pathology derived from heart and vessels surgery Pericarditis and pericardial effusions RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pulmonary embolism, infarct and hemorrhage Vascular sclerosis of lung Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Newborn’s respiratory failure (hyaline membrane disease) Atelectasy Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Chronic bronchitis (included small airways disease) Emphysema Bronchial asthma Bronchiectasy Interstitial lung diseases Sarcoidosis (Boeck’s disease) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Goodpasture’s disease Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis Pneumoconiosis Pulmonary infections Lobar pneumonia Lobular pneumonia Legionnaires’ disease Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia Lung abscess Viral and mycoplasma pneumonias (atypical pneumonia) Lipids pneumonia Cytomegalovirus disease Primary tuberculosis Post-primary tuberculosis (re-activation, secondary disease) Mycosis Tumors of lung Squamous cell (epidermoid) carcinoma Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma Carcinoid Metastatic pulmonary tumors Mesothelioma Disorders of pleura Pleural effusions and pleuritis Hemothorax Chylothorax Pneumothorax Tumoral and similtumoral lesions of upper airways Laryngeal carcinoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma DISORDERS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM Goodpasture’s disease Cryoglobulin disease Reumathoid arthritis SLE Mixed connective tissue disease Sjögen’s syndrome Systemic sclerosis Ankylosing spondilitis, Reiter’s syndrome and reactive arthritis Polymyositis and dermatomyositis AIDS DISORDERS OF URINARY TRACT Renal failure (uremic syndrome) Glomerulopathies Clinical features of glomerulopathies Pathogenesis of glomerular injury Circulating immune-complexes nephritis In situ immune-complexes nephritis Nephrotic syndrome Minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis) Membranous glomerulopathy (membranous nephrosis) Focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Nephritic syndrome Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (crescentic) IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease) Tubulointerstitial diseases Tubulointerstitial nephritis Acute pyelonephritis Chronic pyelonephritis and reflux nephropathy Interstitial and drugs nephritis Acute tubular necrosis Cortical diffuse necrosis Vascular diseases of kidney Secondary hypertensive vascular disease Idiopatic hypertensive vascular disease Malignant hypertension – malignant nephrosclerosis Benign nephrosclerosis Cystic renal diseases Isolated cysts Polycystic kidney disease Urinary tract obstruction Calculi Hydronephrosis Neoplastic disease Renal clear cell carcinoma Wilms’ tumor Carcinoma of urinary tract (calyx, pelvis, ureter, urethra) DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Oral cavity Precancerous lesions and oral cavity carcinoma Tumors of salivary glands Esophagus Atresia Achalasia Diverticula Webs and rings Hiatal Hernia Esophagitis Esophageal varix Mucosal tear (Mallory-Weiss syndrome) Esophageal carcinoma Stomach Pyloric stenosis Gastritis Acute gastritis Chronic gastritis Hypertrophic gastritis (Menetrier’s disease) Acute stress ulcer disease Peptic ulcer disease Gastric polyps Gastric cancer Gastric lymphomas Small bowel Diverticula Ischemic bowel disease Transmural infarction Mucosal-intramural infarction Crohn’s disease (local enteritis) Disorders of absorption Celiac disease (non-tropical sprue, gluten-sensitive enteropathy) Tropical sprue Disaccharidase definciency Abetalipoproteinemia Whipple’s disease Bowel obstruction Hernia Adhesive bands Intussusception Volvulus Tumors Adenocarcinoma Carcinoid tumor Lymphoma Colon Megacolon Diverticular disease Vascular lesions Angiodisplasya Hemorrhoids Enterocolitis Cholera Enteropathogenic E. Coli Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) Salmonellosis (including enteric typhoid fever) Pseudomembranous colitis Amoebas colitis Idiopathic ulcerative colitis Neoplastic diseases Polyps Hyperplastic polyps Tubular (pedunculated) adenomas Tubulo-villous adenomas Villous adenomas Adenoma-carcinoma multistep cancerogenesis model Polyposis of colon Familial polyposis of colon Gardner’s syndrome Turcot’s syndrome Peutz-Jeghers’ syndrome Colorectal carcinoma Appendices Acute appendicitis Tumors Carcinoid Mucocele and pseudomyxoma peritonei SKIN Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Nevi and melanoma HEMATOPOIETIC AND LYMPHOID SYSTEM Specific and non-specific adenopathies Non-Hodgkin lymphomas Hodgkin lymphoma Myeloma Splenomegaly LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT Jaundice Hepatic failure Vascular diseases Steatosis Reye’s syndrome Cholangitis and liver abscesses Viral hepatitis Etiology Clinical features Asymptomatic carrier Acute viral hepatitis Chronic hepatitis Massive and sub-massive hepatic necrosis Hepatic cirrhosis Portal Hypertension Alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis Post-necrotic, post-hepatitic cirrhosis Biliary cirrhosis Hemochromatosic cirrhosis Wilson’s disease, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficit Tumors Adenomas Hepatocarcinoma Hepatoblastoma Gallstones disease Cholecystitis Tumors of gallbladder, cholangiocarcinomas, Vater’s papilla carcinoma PANCREAS Acute and chronic pancreatitis Carcinoma MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Penis Bowen’s disease Carcinoma Testis and epidydimis Cryptorchidism Tumors Epididymitis and orchitis Prostate Prostatitis Prostatic hyperplastic nodular disease Carcinoma Sexually transmitted diseases Papilloma (condyloma acuminatum) Chancroid, granuloma inguinale, lymphogranuloma venereum FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Vulva and vagina Inflammations Pelvic inflammatory disease Neoplastic and pre-neoplastic lesions Pseudotumors Uterine cervix Cervicitis Polyps Displasya Carcinoma Uterus and endometrium Endometritis Endometriosis and adenomyosis Dysfunctional uterine bleedings Endometrial hyperplasia Tumors Leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma Endometrial carcinoma Uterine tubes Salpingitis Ovary Follicular and luteinic cysts Polycystic ovarian syndrome Tumors Common epithelial tumors Serous tumors Mucinous tumors Endometroid tumors Clear cells tumors Brenner’s tumor Germ cells tumors Teratoma Dysgerminoma Yolk sac tumor Chorioncarcinoma Stromal tumors Granulosa cells tumors Fibroma-thecoma-luteoma Sertoli-Leydig cells tumors Clinical features in ovarian neoplasms Metastatic ovarian tumors Pregnancy diseases Ectopic pregnancy Gestational trophoblastic diseases Hydatiform mole Invasive mole Chorioncarcinoma BREAST Fibrocystic lesions Breast fibrosis Cystic lesions Sclerosing adenosis Epithelial hyperplasia Relations between fibrocystic lesions and carcinoma Inflammations Mastitis and breast abscess Thraumatic fat necrosis Tumors Fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumor Papilloma and papillary carcinoma Carcinoma Diagnostic procedures in breast cancer Prognostic factors in breast cancer Pathology of male breast Gynecomastia Carcinoma ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Adenohypophysis Adenomas Craniopharyngioma Tyroid Thyroidites Hashimoto’s thyroiditis De Quervain’s subacute thyroiditis Riedel’s thyroiditis Diffuse (non-toxic) and multinodular goiters Hyperthyroidism Graves-Flaiani-basedow’s disease (toxic goiter) Adenomas Carcinomas Thyroglossal duct cysts Parathyroid glands Primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism Adrenal glands Hypo- and hyperfunction of adrenal glands Tumors Endocrine pancreas Pathologic anatomy in diabetes mellitus Insular cells tumors Beta-cells lesions (hyperinsulinism) Hypergastrinemy, Zollinger-Ellison’s syndrome Multiple endocrine neoplasms (MEN) Thymus Hyperplasia Tumors BONE AND MUSCLE Bones Osteoarthrosis Fibro-cystic osteitis (Von-Recklingausen’s disease) Deformans osteitis (Paget’s disease) Fibrous bone dysplasia Hyperthrophic osteo-arthropaty Osteoporosis Tumors Muscles Myosites Dystrophyes Tumors NERVOUS SYSTEM Frequent pathophysiologic complications Intracranial hypertension and hernations Intracranial edema Hydrocephalus Infections Meningitis Pyogenic meningitis Lymphocytic meningitis Chronic meningitis Brain abscesses Viral encephalitis Slow viruses encephalitis Non conventional agents encephalopathies Vascular diseases Hischemic encephalopathy Ischemic stroke Non-thraumatic cerebral hemorrage Intraparenchymal hemorrage Subarachnoid hemorrage Mixed intraparenchymal and subarachnoid hemorrage Epidural hematoma Subdural hematoma Degenerative diseases Alzheimer’s disease Demyelinative disease Multiple sclerosis Tumors of central nervous system W.H.O. classification Astrocytomas Oligodendrocytomas Ependymal tumors Choroid plexus epithelial tumors Neuronal tumors Mengiomas Primary central nervous system lymphomas Metastatic tumors Cranial and peripheral nerves tumors

ANATOMICAL PATHOLOGY - MOD. 2

Code	GP001354
Location	PERUGIA
CFU	4
Teacher	Angelo Sidoni
Teachers	Angelo Sidoni Rachele Del Sordo (Codocenza)
Hours	43 ore - Angelo Sidoni 6 ore (Codocenza) - Rachele Del Sordo
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Discipline anatomo-patologiche e correlazioni anatomo-cliniche
Academic discipline	MED/08
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Please see the Mod.1
Reference texts	Please see the Mod.1
Educational objectives	Please see the Mod.1
Prerequisites	Please see the Mod.1
Teaching methods	Please see the Mod.1
Other information	Please see the Mod.1
Learning verification modality	Please see the Mod.1
Extended program	Please see the Mod.1

ANATOMICAL PATHOLOGY - MOD. 3

Code	GP001355
Location	PERUGIA
CFU	2
Teacher	Angelo Sidoni
Teachers	Angelo Sidoni
Hours	24 ore - Angelo Sidoni
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Medicina di laboratorio e diagnostica integrata
Academic discipline	MED/08
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Please see the MOD. 1
Reference texts	Please see the MOD. 1
Educational objectives	Please see the MOD. 1
Prerequisites	Please see the MOD. 1
Teaching methods	Please see the MOD. 1
Other information	Please see the MOD. 1
Learning verification modality	Please see the MOD. 1
Extended program	Please see the MOD. 1

ANATOMICAL PATHOLOGY - MOD. 4

Code	GP001356
Location	PERUGIA
CFU	1
Teacher	Guido Bellezza
Teachers	Guido Bellezza
Hours	12 ore - Guido Bellezza
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Medicina di laboratorio e diagnostica integrata
Academic discipline	MED/08
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Lung tumours. Pulmonary nodule: differential diagnosis. Prognostic and predictive factors. Cerebrovascular diseases. Oral pathology: precancerous lesions, leucoplakiae and oral carcinoma
Reference texts	Robbins "Le basi patologiche delle malattie" VIII edizione "Anatomia Patologica di MIUR" XV Ed. EMSI
Educational objectives	Knowledge of Lung tumours. Pulmonary nodule: differential diagnosis. Prognostic and predictive factors. Knowledge of main cerebrovascular diseases.
Teaching methods	face-to-face - Practical training
Learning verification modality	Oral examination
Extended program	Lung tumours. Pulmonary nodule: differential diagnosis. Prognostic and predictive factors. Cerebrovascular diseases. Oral pathology: precancerous lesions, leucoplakiae and oral carcinoma.

PROFESSIONALISING TRAINING IN ANATOMICAL PATHOLOGY

Code	GP001357
Location	PERUGIA
CFU	2
Teacher	Angelo Sidoni
Learning activities	Altro
Area	Tirocini formativi e di orientamento
Academic discipline	MED/08
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

Canale A

CFU

2

Teacher

Angelo Sidoni

Teachers

• Angelo Sidoni

Hours

• 40 ore - Angelo Sidoni

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

Please consult the first of the three modules concerning professional internships.

Reference texts

Please consult the first of the three modules concerning professional internships.

Educational objectives

Please consult the first of the three modules concerning professional internships.

Prerequisites

Please consult the first of the three modules concerning professional internships.

Teaching methods

Please consult the first of the three modules concerning professional internships.

Other information

Please consult the first of the three modules concerning professional internships.

Learning verification modality

Please consult the first of the three modules concerning professional internships.

Extended program

Please consult the first of the three modules concerning professional internships.

Canale B

CFU

2

Teacher

Angelo Sidoni

Teachers

• Angelo Sidoni

Hours

• 40 ore - Angelo Sidoni

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

Starting from the knowledge of the anatomopathologic, mascroscopic and microscopic pictures of the main pathologies
and related clinico-pathological l correlations (already acquired by overcoming the Pathological Anatomy Examination)
  The trainee will follow for one week (Mon-Sun 8-13) his/her tutor at the Department of Pathology of the f Perugia Hospital by attending
o all the routine activities of the department.

Reference texts

Textbook and manuals supplied to the Department of Pathology

Educational objectives

Anatomo-Clinical Reasoning Ability and complete understanding of the role played by Pathology in Health Care

Prerequisites

The student must have passed the exam of Anatomic Pathology.

Teaching methods

Practical activity in the Pathology Department of Perugia Hospital

Other information

Activities done in the summer time

Learning verification modality

Not necessary

Extended program

Not necessary.