Unit IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY - MOD. 1

Code	GP005757
CFU	2
Teacher	Katia Fettucciari
Teachers	Katia Fettucciari
Hours	24 ore - Katia Fettucciari
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Patologia generale e molecolare, immunopatologia, fisiopatologia generale, microbiologia e parassitologia
Academic discipline	MED/04
Type of study-unit
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	-Study of receptors, cells, tissues and organs of the immune system. -Study at cellular and molecular level the mechanisms of the immune responses and their role in defense against pathogens.
Reference texts	Abbas A.K., Lichtman A.H., Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. Eighth Edition, 2015, Elsevier-Saunders Editors. Janeway C.A., Murphy K., Travers P., Walport M. Janeway's Immunobiology. Eighth edition, 2014. Piccin Editor.
Educational objectives	At the end of the course the student must demonstrate that they have acquired knowledge about the physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune responses in defense against pathogens. In particular, the student should know: 1) the cells, tissues, organs and molecular structures that constitute the immune system; 2) the molecular events of immune response to microorganisms and their integrated function.
Prerequisites	In order to be able to understand the contents of the Immunology and Immunopathology Course, the student must possess knowledge of Cellular and Molecular Biology (indispensable), Biochemistry (indispensable), Genetics (important), Anatomy (useful), Histology (useful).
Teaching methods	Lessons face-to-face in Classrooms on the topics of the course of Immunology and Immunopathology (MOD.1) with slide show.
Other information	The start and end time of the lessons, the venue for the lessons and the exam schedule are published on the Degree Course website:http://www.med.unipg.it/ccl
Learning verification modality	The final exam is in an oral form and it covers all three modules of teaching. It will consist of an interview lasting about 25-30 minutes, aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge and the ability to understand the contents of the course, as well as the ability of knowledge synthesis and integration, reached by the student. The oral exam will also verify the student's ability of communication and autonomous exposure. The oral exam will begin for all students with a question on a topic at the student's choice. In total, the questions will be four and will focus on topics analyzed during the course. Two of the questions will focus on cells, tissues, organs and molecular structures of the immune system and on their integrated function in mediating the molecular events and mechanisms underlying the defense against pathogens. Other two questions will focus on the mechanisms underlying the alterations of the immune responses and on the role of the immune system in the transplant rejection and in the control of cancer.
Extended program	-GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM- Innate and adaptative immune responses. General characteristics and effector mechanisms of adaptative immune responses. Phases of adaptative immune response. -CELLS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM- Phagocytes, neutrophil, mastocytes, basophil, eosinophil, dendritic cells, Natural-killer cells (NK), lymphocytes. -TISSUES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM- Anatomy and function of lymphoid tissues: bone marrow, thymus, lymphonodes, spleen, immune system associated with the skin, immune system associated with the mucosa. -INNATE IMMUNITY- General characteristics of innate immunity. Receptors of innate immune system. Cellular and humoral components of innate immunity. Effector mechanisms of innate responses. Inflammatory response. Antiviral response. Activation of adaptative immune response. NK cells and mechanisms of cytotoxicity. -CYTOKINES- General characteristics. Cytokines receptors. Molecular mechanisms of signal transduction by cytokine receptors. Functional classification: cytokines that mediate and regulate innate immunity (TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-alfa and IFN-beta), cytokines that mediate and regulate adaptive immunity (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-10, TGF-beta), cytokines that mediate and regulate hematopoiesis. Chemokines and receptors. -IMMUNOGLOBULIN- Molecular structure of antibodies. Antibody-Antigen interaction. Relationship structure and function in antibodies. Classes and biological activities of Immunoglobulins. Functions of antibodies: antibodies as a membrane receptor for antigen of B Lymphocytes. Isotype-Specific functions of antibodies; Antigen Neutralization; Complement Activation; Opsonization and Phagocytosis, Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. -COMPLEMENT SYSTEM- Components of Complement. Activation of Complement: Classical Pathway, Lectin Pathway and Alternative Pathway. Proteins that regulate Complement activation. Receptors for proteins of Complement. Biological Functions of Complement.-MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC)- Genomic organization of MHC genes. Structure, function, cellular distribution and regulation of the expression of MHC class I and MHC class II Molecules. Characteristics of the interaction of peptides with MHC molecules. -ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION TO T LYMPHOCYTES- Characteristics of antigens recognized by T lymphocytes. Antigen-Presenting Cells (APC). Role of APC in the activation of T lymphocytes. Cell biology of antigen processing. Mechanisms of exogenous antigen processing and presentation in association with MHC of class II molecules to CD4+ T lymphocytes. Mechanisms of endogenous antigen processing and presentation in association with MHC of class I molecules to CD8+ T lymphocytes. Physiological significance of antigen presentation in association with the MHC.

IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY - MOD. 2

Code	GP005758
CFU	2
Teacher	Katia Fettucciari
Teachers	Katia Fettucciari
Hours	24 ore - Katia Fettucciari
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Patologia generale e molecolare, immunopatologia, fisiopatologia generale, microbiologia e parassitologia
Academic discipline	MED/04
Type of study-unit
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	-Study of receptors, cells, tissues and organs of the immune system. -Study at cellular and molecular level the mechanisms of the immune responses and their role in defense against pathogens.
Reference texts	Abbas A.K., Lichtman A.H., Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. Eighth Edition, 2015, Elsevier-Saunders Editors. Janeway C.A., Murphy K., Travers P., Walport M. Janeway's Immunobiology. Eighth edition, 2014. Piccin Editor.
Educational objectives	At the end of the course the student must demonstrate that they have acquired knowledge about the physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune responses in defense against pathogens. In particular, the student should know: 1) the cells, tissues, organs and molecular structures that constitute the immune system; 2) the molecular events of immune response to microorganisms and their integrated function.
Prerequisites	In order to be able to understand the contents of the Immunology and Immunopathology Course, the student must possess knowledge of Cellular and Molecular Biology (indispensable), Biochemistry (indispensable), Genetics (important), Anatomy (useful), Histology (useful).
Teaching methods	Lessons face-to-face in Classrooms on the topics of the course of Immunology and Immunopathology (MOD.2) with slide show.
Other information	The start and end time of the lessons, the venue for the lessons and the exam schedule are published on the Degree Course website:http://www.med.unipg.it/ccl
Learning verification modality	The final exam is in an oral form and it covers all three modules of teaching. It will consist of an interview lasting about 25-30 minutes, aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge and the ability to understand the contents of the course, as well as the ability of knowledge synthesis and integration, reached by the student. The oral exam will also verify the student's ability of communication and autonomous exposure. The oral exam will begin for all students with a question on a topic at the student's choice. In total, the questions will be four and will focus on topics analyzed during the course. Two of the questions will focus on cells, tissues, organs and molecular structures of the immune system and on their integrated function in mediating the molecular events and mechanisms underlying the defense against pathogens. Other two questions will focus on the mechanisms underlying the alterations of the immune responses and on the role of the immune system in the transplant rejection and in the control of cancer.
Extended program	-RECEPTOR FOR ANTIGEN OF T LYMPHOCYTE (TCR)- Structure and function of TCRalpha/beta and TCRgamma/delta. Structure and function of: CD3 and Zeta proteins; coreceptors CD4 and CD8; costimulatory and inhibitory receptors (CD28, CTLA-4 and PD1). -MATURATION OF B LYMPHOCYTES AND EXPRESSION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES– Genomic organization, rearrangement and expression of Immunoglobulin genes. Mechanisms of generation of Immunoglobulin diversity: VDJ recombination; mechanisms of VDJ recombination; combinatory diversity; junctional diversity. Stages of maturation of B lymphocytes: rearrangement and expression of Immunoglobulin in differentiation phases. Selection of the antibody repertoire. Coexpression of IgM and IgD. Follicular B lymphocytes, lymphocytes B1, lymphocytes of marginal zone of spleen. -MATURATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES AND EXPRESSION OF TCR GENES– Genomic organization, rearrangement and expression of genes of TCRalpha/beta and TCRgamma/delta. Mechanisms of generation of diversity of TCRalpha/beta: VDJ recombination; mechanisms of VDJ recombination; combinatory diversity; junctional diversity. Stages of differentiation of T cell with TCRalpha/beta: rearrangement and expression of TCR in different stages of differentiation; expression of accessory molecules. Processes of positive selection in the thymus. Processes of negative selection in the thymus: development of tolerance to self. Development of lymphocytes T regulatory. -CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE- Migration of antigen presenting cells (APC) and of naive T lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs. Antigen recognition. Cellular interactions and priming of naive T cells. Signal transduction. Activation and differentiation of T helper lymphocyte subpopulations (Th) (Th1, Th2, Th17, and and T regulatory): Role and functions of cytokines involved. Macrophage activation by Th1 and effector functions of Th1. Eosinophil activation by IgE and effector functions of Th2. Effector functions of Th17. Activation, differentiation and effector functions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Mechanisms of cytotoxicity. -HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE- Antigen recognition and antigen induced activation of B Lymphocytes. Signal transduction. Sequence of events in T cell dependent antibody response. Characteristics, differentiation and functions of Th follicular in activation of B lymphocytes. Interactions and signals between T cells and B cells. Germinal center reactions: i) heavy chain isotype switching and molecular mechanisms that regulate isotype switching; ii) maturation of affinity: somatic mutations, molecular mechanisms that regulate somatic ipermutations, and B cell selection in follicle; iii) differentiation of effector and memory B lymphocytes. Antibody response to thymus-independent antigens.

IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY - MOD. 3

Code	GP005759
CFU	2
Teacher	Emanuela Rosati
Teachers	Emanuela Rosati
Hours	14 ore - Emanuela Rosati
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Patologia generale e molecolare, immunopatologia, fisiopatologia generale, microbiologia e parassitologia
Academic discipline	MED/04
Type of study-unit
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND PATHOLOGY: alterations of the immune response in the hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmunity; examples of human pathologies. TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY. IMMUNITY TO TUMORS.
Reference texts	- Abbas A.K., Lichtman A.H., Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 8th Edition, 2015, Elsevier-Saunders Editor. - Janeway - Murphy. Janeway’ s Immunobiology. 8th Edition, 2014, Piccin Editor.
Educational objectives	At the end of the course, the student should know and understand the physiopathologic mechanisms (cellular and molecular) underlying the alterations of the immune response in the different types of hypersensitivity diseases and autoimmunity. Specifically, the student should be able to associate the effector immune mechanisms to the various pathologic situations. The student should also know and understand the role of immune system in the allograft rejection and in the control of tumors.
Prerequisites	In order to be able to understand the contents of the Immunology and Immunopathology Course, the student must possess knowledge of Cellular and Molecular Biology (indispensable), Biochemistry (indispensable), Genetics (important), Anatomy (useful), Histology (useful).
Teaching methods	Frontal lessons on all the topics of the Course, with presentation and discussion of slides.
Other information	Schedule of the lessons and exams: The schedule of the lessons and exams is posted on the Course website http://www.med.unipg.it/ccl/ Consulting hours and location: Thursday hours 15.00 -17.00, and further dates that will be determined upon specific request of the students. Building B, 4th Floor, Piazza Lucio Severi, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia.
Learning verification modality	The final exam is in an oral form and covers all the three teaching modules. It will consist of an interview lasting about 25-30 minutes, aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge and the ability to understand the contents of the course, as well as the ability of knowledge synthesis and integration, reached by the student. The oral exam will also verify the student's ability of communication and autonomous exposure.The oral exam will begin for all students with a question on a topic at the student's choice. In total, the questions will be four and will focus on topics analyzed during the course. Two of the questions will focus on cells, tissues, organs and molecular structures of the immune system and on their integrated function in mediating the molecular events and mechanisms underlying the defense against pathogens. Other two questions will focus on the mechanisms underlying the alterations of the immune responses and on the role of the immune system in the transplant rejection and in the control of cancer.
Extended program	IMMUNOLOGIC TOLERANCE: Features of self-tolerance. Mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance of B and T lymphocytes. DISEASES CAUSED BY ALTERATIONS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES (HYPERSENSITIVITY): Immunological basis of hypersensitivity reactions. Sensitization and effector phases of hypersensitivity reactions. Mechanisms of cell and tissue damage.TYPE I (IMMEDIATE) HYPERSENSITIVITY: Features of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Production of IgE. Binding of IgE to mast cells and basophils. Role of mast cells, basophils and eosinophils in immediate hypersensitivity. Genetic susceptibility to immediate hypersensitivity. Allergic diseases in humans. TYPE II HYPERSENSITIVITY: Mechanisms of damage caused by cytotoxic antibodies. Examples of human pathologies: transfusion reactions, haemolytic disease of the newborn, drug-induced haemolytic anemia. TYPE III HYPERSENSITIVITY: Mechanisms of damage caused by immune complexes. Factors that determinate the pathogenicity of immune complexes. Examples of type III hypersensitivity: localized reactions (reaction of Arthus) and systemic reactions (serum sickness). TYPE IV HYPERSENSITIVITY:Mechanisms of tissue damage caused by TH1 cells and CTL. Examples of human pathologies: contact dermatitis, tuberculin reaction and granulomatous hypersensitivity. DISEASES CAUSED BY ALTERATIONS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES - AUTOIMMUNITY: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of autoimmunity pathogenesis. Loss of self-tolerance mechanisms. Lymphocyte alterations involved in the autoimmunity. Genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity. Environmental basis of autoimmunity. Role of infections in the development of autoimmunity. Organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases: mechanisms of immunologic tissue injury and examples of human autoimmune diseases. TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY: Immune response to allogeneic transplantation. Molecular and cellular basis of alloantigen recognition. Activation of alloreactive T cells. Immunologic basis and effector mechanisms of allograft rejection. Prevention and treatment of allograft rejection. Bone marrow transplantion. Graft-versus-host-disease. IMMUNITY TO TUMORS: Tumor antigens. Tumor cell antigenicity. Effector mechanisms in antitumor immunity: innate and specific responses. Evasion of immune responses by tumors. Immunotherapy for tumors. Stimulation of active host immune responses to tumors: antitumor vaccines. Passive immunotherapy for tumors with T cells and antibodies.