Unit HUMAN HISTOLOGY AND EMBRIOLOGY

EMBRIOLOGIA UMANA

Code	GP004784
Location	TERNI
CFU	3
Teacher	Giovanni Luca
Teachers	Giovanni Luca
Hours	36 ore - Giovanni Luca
Learning activities	Base
Area	Morfologia umana
Academic discipline	BIO/17
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	MEDICAL EMBRYOLOGY AND ORGANOGENESIS 1)Spermatogenesis and Folliculogenesis Ovarian and uterine cycle. 2) Fertilization. 3) The First 4 weeks of development: Embryonic annexes 4) Embryogenesis and embryogenetic defects of the female and male reproductive apparatus. 5) Development of the main body systems ( branchial, respiratory, digestive, uro-genital, cardiovascular ) Notes on the development of the body cavities and of skeletal and muscular system.
Reference texts	M. De Felici, C. Boitani, M. Bouché, R. Canipari, A. Dolfi, A. Filippini, A. Musarò, G. Popaccio, A. Salustri. Embriologia Umana Morfogenesi - Processi Molecolari - Aspetti Clinici, Eds: Piccin, Seconda Edizione, 2014.
Educational objectives	Knowledge of the processes of gametogenesis and fertilization; analysis of the development of the human body with reference to the morpho-functional interactions, to the inductive phenomena, to the regulatory mechanisms and with reference to the main malformative alterations.
Teaching methods	Oral Exam
Learning verification modality	Convenzional
Extended program	MEDICAL EMBRYOLOGY 1)Spermatogenesis.2) Folliculogenesis and ovogenesi. Ovarian and uterine cycle. 3) Fertilization and Segmentation. 4) First and second week of development: segmentation, implant and its faults and bilaminary embryo. 5) Third week of development: gastrulation and trilaminar embryo. 6) Fourth week of development: growth,organization of Embryonic Sheath, definition of the body of embryo and early organogenesis. 7) Embryonic annexes: placenta, umbilical cord, amnios, corion, yolk sac, allantoid. 8) Embryogenesis and embryogenetic defects of the female and male reproductive apparatus. ORGANOGENESIS Development of the branchial apparatus, of the respiratory system and of the digestive system. Notes on the development of skeletal and muscular systems. Development of uro-genital apparatus, body cavities and cardiovascular apparatus. Notes on the development of the central and peripheral nervous system

HUMAN HISTOLOGY - MOD. 1

Code	GP004782
Location	TERNI
CFU	4
Teacher	Giovanni Luca
Teachers	Giovanni Luca Lorella Marinucci (Codocenza)
Hours	48 ore - Giovanni Luca 9 ore (Codocenza) - Lorella Marinucci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Morfologia umana
Academic discipline	BIO/17
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	GENERAL HISTOLOGY HUMAN (with notes of special and functional histology) 1) Definition and classification of tissues; 2) Tissues: epithelial, connective tissue proper, specialized connective (cartilage, bone and blood), adipose, nervous and muscular.
Reference texts	1) D. Bani et al. Human histology. Eds: Idelson-Gnocchi, Second Edition, 2017. Text of research and analysis for the special part: - M.H. Ross & W.Pawlina, Italian edition edited by G. Sica, M.G. Prat. Histology. Text and atlas with cell biology and molecular elements, CEA 2010.
Educational objectives	The student must acquire adequate knowledge on biomorphological structure and function of the human body tissues
Teaching methods	Conventional
Learning verification modality	Oral Exam
Extended program	HUMAN HISTOLOGY (with notes of special and functional Histology) 1) Definition and classification of tissues. 2) Epithelial tissue: - generality; - Lining epithelia: structure, functions and classification; examples of anatomical distribution. Differentiations of free surfaces (cilia, microvilli, stereocilia). Notes of joining systems. Epidermis; - Exocrine glandular epithelia: classification and examples according to the degree of duct branching, adenomere shape, secretion mode, the chemical composition of the secretion; - Endocrine glandular epithelia: secretion mode and nature of the hormones. Notes on cytologic and histologic and functional features of the endocrine glands. 3) Connective tissue: - Structural organization; its own cells and the extracellular matrix components (collagen fibers, elastic and reticular substance and amorphous - proteoglycans and glycoproteins); - Connective tissue proper: the cell types, extracellular matrix, classification, function and anatomical distribution of different types. - Specialized connective tissues: a) cartilaginous tissue: cell types, the cartilaginous matrix, classification (hyaline, elastic, fibrous, and chondroid cordoide), functions and anatomical distribution of cartilage. The perichondrium. b) bone: macro and microscopic organization. Features and compact bone and spongy bone distribution; cell types; the bone matrix. The periosteum and endosteum. c) Blood: The figurative elements - erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets (morphology, function and life time); serum and plasma. hematocrit value. Differential count. 4) Adipose tissue: histogenesis, structure and function. 5) Nervous tissue: structure, ultrastructure, function and location. morphological characteristics of the neuron. Structure and function of the myelin layers. The cells of the neuroglia. The white matter and gray matter. nerve fibers and peripheral nerves; epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium. 6) Muscle tissue: a) the skeletal striated muscle tissue; integration with connective tissue (endomysium, perimysium and epimysium); Structural and ultrastructural characteristics of striated skeletal muscle fiber; triad; motor end plate; b) cardiac striated muscle tissue: ultrastructural characteristics of cardiac striated muscle fiber; intercalated discs; dyad; c) smooth muscle tissue: ultrastructural characters, functions and distribution of smooth muscle cells. d) The muscle contraction.

HUMAN HISTOLOGY - MOD. 2

Code	GP004783
Location	TERNI
CFU	1
Teacher	Lorella Marinucci
Teachers	Lorella Marinucci
Hours	12 ore - Lorella Marinucci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Morfologia umana
Academic discipline	BIO/17
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Optical microscopy. The preparation of tissue. Electron microscopy. Resolving power. The examination and interpretation of sections. Stains.
Reference texts	Histology atlases racommended:- Atlante di Istologia e Anatomia Microscopica, Ross et al., Casa Editrice Ambrosiana- Istologia Funzionale, Kerr, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.- Bani D., Bani G., Bani Sacchi T. - Istologia - Casa Editrice Idelson-GnocchiImages of microscopic slides are also available in different websites, such as: http://web.unife.it/cdl/istomed/photo.htm.
Educational objectives	At the end of the course the student must: A) own autonomy in the use of the microscope; B) have acquired knowledge on the main histological techniques used in the laboratory; C) have acquired the ability to recognize critically the various tissues in histological preparations observed at the optical microscope.
Prerequisites	In order to be able to understand and apply the majority of the contents described within the course, the student must have acquired basic knowledge of cellular biology.
Teaching methods	Lectures . Projections of histological preparations in the classroom with an indication of tissue recognition strategies. Individual exercises using optical microscope, in groups of about 30 students, guided by the teacher, for the recognition of the tissues of one hour. The topics of the projections and exercises are: lining epithelia, exocrine and endocrine glands, connective proper, cartilage, bone, blood; muscle tissue and nerve tissue.
Other information	Frequency: compulsoryUniversity campus: Street Tristano di Joannuccio (Hospital S. Maria) - 05100 Terni.
Learning verification modality	The final test consist in an oral exam of Histology and Embryology. Before to sustain the oral exam, will be performed a practical test on optical microscope (three histological specimen; 15 minutes), resulting in a judgment that will be taken in consideration for overall assessment. The student must demonstrate to have ability to use the optical microscope and learning the main histological laboratory techniques and the ability to known histological and functional characteristics of various tissues. Oral exam of Histology and Embryology must to assess logical and knowledge competence learning and the ability to evaluate data. More specifically, the student will have to show if he has learnt the main morphological, ultrastructural characteristics of the human body tissues. Also, he will have to understand the process of human morphogenesis development in order to learn the origin of illnesses based on malformations. The oral exam will verify that the student is able to communicate ,with method, propriety of language and exposure.
Extended program	MEANS AND METHODS OF INVESTIGATION. Brief history of Histology and its methods of study: the first means of investigations until microscope light. The optical microscope: the 'parts' of the optical microscope. Limits of light microscope. Resolving power. Notes on the fluorescence microscope and the microscope in phase contrast. The electron microscope: the basic structure. Theoretical resolving power and real resolving power. The scanning microscope. Technical set-up of the slides: fixation the inclusion. Freezing-drying. Artefacts. Dyes: classification and properties. Technical construction of the sections: microtome, ultramicrotome, cryostat. Signs on histochemical methods: localization of proteins, lipids and glucides. Strategies for recognition by light microscopy about epithelial tissue, glandular exocrine and endocrine epithelial; connective, cartilage, bone and blood; muscle tissue and nerve tissue.EXERCISES. The course of Histology provides, in addition to regular lectures, a series of exercises (about 9 hours/student) during students will learn the use of the optical microscope and can observe histological preparations.