Unit PHYSICS I
- Course
- Computer science and electronic engineering
- Study-unit Code
- A003200
- Curriculum
- Ingegneria informatica
- Teacher
- Francesco Cottone
- Teachers
-
- Francesco Cottone
- Paolina Bongioannini Cerlini (Codocenza)
- Hours
- 54 ore - Francesco Cottone
- 27 ore (Codocenza) - Paolina Bongioannini Cerlini
- CFU
- 6
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2023
- Offered
- 2023/24
- Learning activities
- Base
- Area
- Fisica e chimica
- Academic discipline
- FIS/01
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
Kinematics of the material point. Dynamics of the material point, point systems and rigid body.
Statics of rigid bodies. Oscillations and waves. Gravitation. Notes on fluid mechanics. Thermodynamics, heat, first principle, kinetic theory of gases, entropy and second principle.- Reference texts
David Halliday-Robert Resnick-Jearl Walker - Fondamenti di Fisica. Meccanica, Onde, Termodinamica. Settima edizione. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana. Zanichelli.
Mazzoldi-Nigro-Voci, Elementi di Fisica, Meccanica e termodinamica, EdiSes- Educational objectives
Acquisition of theoretical knowledge of the fundamental laws of classical mechanics and thermodynamics. Ability to apply theoretical knowledge in solving simple problems related to material point, point systems and rigid body dynamics, gas theory and the principles of thermodynamics. Understanding of fundamental phenomena of the dynamics of material point systems and rigid bodies. Understanding of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, gas physics and the operation of thermal machines.- Prerequisites
The student must be familiar with the basic principles of operations with
vectors, trigonometry, differential and integral calculus. These contents are included within those studied during the courses of Geometry and Mathematics Analysis I.- Teaching methods
Theoretical lectures in the classroom. Exercises supervised by the lecturer or tutor. Animations and computer simulations of physical phenomena. Examples of experiments. Seminars. Exercises to be done at home.- Learning verification modality
Written test lasting two hours, aimed at testing the student's ability to solve 3 exercises. A second one-hour written test will follow on the same day or at a later date (at the student's choice), during which the student will have to answer general questions in open form.
For information on support services for students with disabilities and/or DSA, visit http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa- Extended program
MECHANICS
1. Introduction to the course.
Introduction of the course, What is physics, definition historical background. The Experimental Method. Classical and modern physics.
2. Physical quantities, measurements and vectors.
Physical quantities and the international system of units. Accuracy, significant figures and dimensional analysis. Powers of 10. The Universe by orders of magnitude.
3. Vectors and scalars.
Properties, modulus, direction and direction, main operations between vectors, addition, subtraction, scalar and vector product. Mixed products and demonstrations.
4. Kinematics
Motion in one dimension. Vector position, velocity and acceleration. One-dimensional kinematics, uniform rectilinear motion and uniformly accelerated motion.
5. Motion in multiple dimensions and relative motions.
Projectile motion, resistance of medium (hint), curvilinear motion, uniform circular motion. Inertial systems, relative motion and Galileo transformations.
6. Forces and Newton's laws.
Historical background. Definition of force, mass and weight. Newton's laws. Fundamental interactions in nature. Frictional forces, gravitational force, electric and magnetic forces, tensions. Time-dependent forces. Vector form of Newton's laws in 3 dimensions. Applications of Newton's laws: one-dimensional motion, dynamics of uniform circular motion, harmonic oscillatory motion. Hooke's law. Non-inertial reference systems and fictitious forces.
7. Work and mechanical energy.
Work of a force. Conservative forces and potential energy. Kinetic energy theorem. Conservation of total mechanical energy. Work of nonconservative forces.
8. Systems of particles.
The motion of a system of particles. Systems of two particles and several particles. Center of mass si a finite system of particles and a solid body. Conservation of momentum for a system of particles and Newton's laws. Kinetic energy and König's theorem.
9. Collisions between particles.
Definition of collision between two bodies. Impulse. Conservation of momentum and energy. Elastic and inelastic impacts. Coefficient of restitution. Central impacts between two bodies. Impacts in 2 dimensions.
10. Kinematics and dynamics of rotary motions.
Rotational motion. Rotational vector variables. Relations between linear and angular variables. Angular momentum of a particle. Systems of particles. Angular momentum and angular velocities. Conservation of angular momentum. Torque moment of a particle. Moment of inertia of a particle system and extended body. Torque moment due to gravity. Dynamics of rigid bodies with a fixed axis. Roto-translational motions. Examples of spinning top and gyroscope. Kinetic energy of a body in rotation and translation.
11. Fluid mechanics.
States of matter. Fluid statics: pressure in a fluid. Pascal's principle and Stevin's law. Archimedes' principle. Examples and applications of hydrostatics. Fluid dynamics, generalities. Ideal fluids: the equations of motion. Equations of continuity. Stationary flow, Bernoulli's theorem. Applications on stationary fluids. Notes on real fluid dynamics: viscosity, laminar motion and Poiseuille's law, Reynolds number. Motion in a fluid, resistance of the medium.
THERMODYNAMICS
12. Temperature, heat to first principle of thermodynamics.
Temperature. Celsius and Fahrenheit scales. Thermal expansion. Heat absorption. First principle of thermodynamics. Heat transmission.
13. Kinetic theory of gases.
Avogadro's number. Ideal gases. Pressure, temperature and mean square velocity. Translational kinetic energy. Free mean path. Distribution of molecular velocities. Specific heats for a perfect gas. Degrees of freedom and molar specific heat. Adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas.
14. Entropy and second principle of thermodynamics.
Entropy. Entropy in the real world: thermal machines and refrigeration machines. Entropy and statistics.