Unit PHARMACOLOGY

PHARMACOLOGY - MOD. 1

Code	GP004775
CFU	6
Teacher	Giuseppe Nocentini
Teachers	Giuseppe Nocentini
Hours	75 ore - Giuseppe Nocentini
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Farmacologia, tossicologia e principi di terapia medica
Academic discipline	BIO/14
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY Introduction The development of new drugs and pharmacovigilance Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Toxicology and teratogenicity SPECIAL PHARMACOLOGY (FIRST PART) Drugs that act at the level of synapses Cardiovascular system drugs Drugs of the sexual function Drugs acting on blood and blood-forming organs
Reference texts	Reference texts F. Rossi, V. Cuomo, C. Riccardi. Farmacologia: principi di base e applicazioni terapeutiche, Minerva Medica, quinta edizione B.G. Katzung. Farmacologia Generale e Clinica Piccin, XI edizione or XIV American Edition Consultation texts Goodman and Gilman’s The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 13th edition F. Clementi, G. Fumagalli. Farmacologia generale e molecolare, V edizione, UTET S. Govoni. Farmacologia. Seconda edizione. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Educational objectives	The ultimate goal of the Course of Pharmacology: - Knowledge of the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, adverse side effects, toxicological aspects, the therapeutic foundations and methods of administration of drugs in medical practice - Be aware of the factors that influence the pharmacological effect and/or therapeutic, as well as the benefit/risk ratio of drug therapy - Know how to make a reasoned choice of drugs in relation to different pathological situations. The goal of Module 1 is master the concepts of General Pharmacology. In particular, the knowledge of the concepts of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, in order to know the technical terms and understand its meaning when the student will study the drugs. Also know the classification of adverse effects and teratogenic effects of drugs. Finally know how you put up a new drug and know the meaning and the needs of pharmacovigilance
Prerequisites	Knowledge of Biology, Anatomy and Physiology.
Teaching methods	Face-to-face lessons held with the help of projected powerpoint files on 100% of the course topics. On some key issues, pdf files with relevant publications are provided to the students and discussed in class
Other information	The detailed program of the examination and PowerPoint files of the lessons can be downloaded from the website Unistudium Results of the written exams will be visible on the site Unistudium. In the exceptional case in which exams had to be postponed due to force majeure, students booked will be notified personally by e-mail. Also, notice be given also the site Unistudium
Learning verification modality	The course includes 5 modules.The assessment consists of 2 written tests and an oral interview. The first is held upon completion of the program of modules 1 and 2, the second upon completion of the modules 3, 4 and 5. After passing the 2 tests, the student must take a final examination (oral) on topics of clinical pharmacology.
Extended program	GENERAL PRINCIPLES Definition of medication Origin and classification of drugs Pharmacological trials, pharmacovigilance PHARMACOKINETICS Routes of administration Absorption, bioavailability Distribution Metabolism Elimination Main pharmacokinetic parameters: volume of distribution, half-life, clearance Pharmacokinetics quantitative kinetics of zero order and first order Clinical pharmacokinetics, kinetics of the drug administered in repeated doses, the concept of steady state PHARMACODYNAMICS Drug-receptor interaction Agonists, antagonists, partial agonists and inverse Dose-response curves and curves quantal Affinity, potency, efficacy, therapeutic index Molecular structure of receptors Mechanisms of signal transduction Regulation of receptor response Mechanism of action of drugs and correlation between concentration and pharmacological effect of drugs TOXICOLOGY Principles of Toxicology Mechanisms of toxicity Teratogenic effects of drugs Abuse, Drug Addiction and Rational basis of treatment of drug addiction DRUGS ACTING AT THE JUNCTION OF SYNAPSES Neurohumoral transmission: the autonomic and somatic motor Cholinergic Agonists Anticholinesterases Muscarinic antagonists Drugs acting on the neuromuscular junction and autonomic ganglia Catecholamines and sympathomimetic drugs Adrenergic neuron antagonist CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DRUGS Drugs that affect renal function and electrolyte metabolism Pharmacological control of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone Antihypertensive drugs Antianginal drugs Cardiac glycosides Antiarrhythmic drugs Drugs for treatment of dyslipidemia DRUGS OF THE SEXUAL FUNCTION DRUGS ACTING ON THE BLOOD Hematopoietic agents: growth factors and vitamins Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, and antiplatelet
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	The following objectives will be pursued during the course: - health and well-being (3); - gender equality (5); - reduce inequalities (10)

PHARMACOLOGY - MOD. 2

Code	GP004776
CFU	3
Teacher	Giuseppe Nocentini
Teachers	Giuseppe Nocentini Simona Ronchetti (Codocenza)
Hours	25 ore - Giuseppe Nocentini 12.5 ore (Codocenza) - Simona Ronchetti
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Farmacologia, tossicologia e principi di terapia medica
Academic discipline	BIO/14
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	DRUGS ACTING ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AUTACOIDS, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS, AND PAINKILLERS CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY DRUGS AFFECTING UTERINE MOTILITY GENERAL ANESTHETICS VITAMINS DRUGS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Reference texts	Reference texts see module 1
Educational objectives	See module 1 concerning the ultimate goal of the Course of Pharmacology: The goal of this Module is to know for each class: the name of the main drugs, their mechanism of action, their indications, adverse effects
Prerequisites	Knowledge of Biology, Anatomy and Physiology.
Teaching methods	Face-to-face lessons held with the help of projected powerpoint files on 100% of the course topics. At the end of the module a training exercise is carried out. On some key issues, pdf files with relevant publications are provided to the students and discussed in class
Other information	The detailed program of the examination and PowerPoint files of the lessons can be downloaded from the website Unistudium Results of the written exams will be visible on the site: Unistudium. In the exceptional case in which exams had to be postponed due to force majeure, students booked will be notified personally by e-mail. Also, notice be given also the site: Unistudium
Learning verification modality	See module 1
Extended program	DRUGS ACTING ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Neurotransmission and the central nervous system Anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotics Anticonvulsants Antipsychotic drugs Antidepressants and mood stabilizers Drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases Drugs for the treatment of migraine Medications to control vomiting AUTACOIDS, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS, AND PAINKILLERS General information on inflammation and mediators involved Opioid analgesics and their antagonists Alfa-2 agonists/modulators Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Local anesthetics CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY The tumors and the various treatment approaches The problem of an exact diagnosis: the microarray - Main features of different microarray commercially - Microarray cancer: - In breast cancer - In hematological malignancies The new cancer treatments - angiogenesis inhibitors - Monoclonal antibodies (humanized antibodies) against membrane receptors with pro-proliferative - immunotoxins - Inhibitors of tyrosine kinase - inibitori degli immuno-checkpoint The conventional cancer treatments (some common properties, the most common adverse effects, cycle specific and nonspecific drugs) The main oler generation anti-tumor drugs (mechanism of action, clinical uses and adverse effects peculiar) of: - alkylating - antimetabolites - methotrexate - Purine and pyrimidine analogs - Inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase - antibiotics - anthracycline - bleomycin - Inhibitors of the mitotic spindle - Hormones and anti-hormones DRUGS AFFECTING UTERINE MOTILITY GENERAL ANESTHETICS VITAMINS DRUGS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Pituitary Hormones and Related Substances Thyroid and Antithyroid Estrogens, progestins, birth control Androgens and anabolic steroids Insulin and oral hypoglycemic anti-osteoporotic drugs
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	See module 1

PHARMACOLOGY - MOD. 3

Code	GP004777
CFU	3
Teacher	Stefano Bruscoli
Teachers	Stefano Bruscoli
Hours	37.5 ore - Stefano Bruscoli
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Formazione clinica interdisciplinare e medicina basata sulle evidenze
Academic discipline	BIO/14
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	See Module 1
Reference texts	See Module 1
Educational objectives	See Module 1
Prerequisites	See Module 1
Teaching methods	See Module 1
Other information	See Module 1
Learning verification modality	See Module 1
Extended program	ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY ANTIBACTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPY General considerations - MIC - Susceptibility - Distribution of the drug in the inflamed site - Mechanisms of resistance - Classification of antibiotics - Dosages and dosing intervals for different types of antibiotics - Antibiotics with time-dependent activity - Antibiotics with concentration-dependent activity - Bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics - Broad-spectrum drugs - surgical and nonsurgical antimicrobial prophylaxis Mechanism of action, the main compounds, the main indications, the major side effects and the likelihood of resistance: - Beta-lactams (including classification of beta-lactams and strategy to prevent the inactivation of these drugs) - Protein synthesis inhibitors - tetracycline - aminoglycosides - macrolides - Sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole - quinolones ANTIPROTOZOAL CHEMOTHERAPY ANTHELMINTIC CHEMOTHERAPY
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Health and wellness. Gender equality. Reduce inequalities.

PHARMACOLOGY - MOD. 4

Code	GP004778
CFU	1
Teacher	Giuseppe Nocentini
Teachers	Giuseppe Nocentini
Hours	12.5 ore - Giuseppe Nocentini
Learning activities	Affine/integrativa
Area	Attività formative affini o integrative
Academic discipline	BIO/14
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Pharmacology of the immune system Pharmacology of asthma Anti-istaminic drugs Pharmacology of gastro-enteric tract Anti-viral chemotherapy Vaccines
Reference texts	See module 1
Educational objectives	The ultimate goal of the Course of Pharmacology: - Knowledge of the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, adverse side effects, toxicological aspects, the therapeutic foundations and methods of administration of drugs in medical practice - Be aware of the factors that influence the pharmacological effect and / or therapeutic, as well as the risk / benefit ratio of drug therapy - Know how to make a reasoned choice of drugs in relation to different pathological situations. The goal of this Module is to know for each class: the name of the main drugs, their mechanism of action, their indications, adverse effects
Prerequisites	Knowledge of Biology, Anatomy and Physiology.
Teaching methods	Face-to-face lessons held with the help of projected powerpoint files on 100% of the course topics. At the end of the module a training exercise is carried out. On some key issues, pdf files with relevant publications are provided to the students and discussed in class
Other information	The detailed program of the examination and PowerPoint files of the lessons can be downloaded from the website Unistudium Results of the written exams will be visible on the site: Unistudium. In the exceptional case in which exams had to be postponed due to force majeure, students booked will be notified personally by e-mail. Also, notice be given also the site: Unistudium
Learning verification modality	The course includes 5 modules.The assessment consists of 2 written tests and an oral interview. The first is held upon completion of the program of modules 1 and 2, the second upon completion of the modules 3, 4 and 5. After passing the 2 tests, the student must take a final examination (oral) on topics of clinical pharmacology.
Extended program	PHARMACOLOGY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM - Antitumoral used as immunosuppresant - old generation immunosuppressants - Biological as immunosuppresant DRUGS USED IN TREATMENT OF LUNG DISEASES - desensitivization vaccine - asthma ANTIISTAMINIC DRUGS DRUGS AFFECTING GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION Antiulcer drugs Drugs antiesophagitis Drugs affecting gastrointestinal motility ANTIVIRAL CHEMOTHERAPY Viruses and strategies with which they can be controlled The most important pharmacokinetic properties, clinical uses and adverse effects of: - Acyclovir and other drugs against herpes virus - Zanamivir and other antiinfluenzali - anti-HCV - Notes on the anti-CMV - anti-COVID-19 - Antiretrovirals - - AZT and other NRTIs - - NNRTI - - Protease inhibitors
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	see module 1