Unit VETERINARY SURGERY II

ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY

Code	GP005397
CFU	2
Teacher	Giulia Moretti
Teachers	Giulia Moretti
Hours	26 ore - Giulia Moretti
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Discipline cliniche veterinarie
Sector	VET/09
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Provide elements for differential diagnosis of the most common orthopedic pathologies of dog, and cat. Illustrate the main surgical techniques. The student must be able to perform a proper diagnostic pathway in the main orthopedic pathologies of the pet. In particular: 1) Anatomical identification of the urinary site / pathology by orthopedic examination 2) Application of the BOA (Breed Oriented Approach) 3) Differential Diagnostics Setup 4) Propose collateral diagnostic surveys for imaging and laboratory 5) To propose a therapeutic plan
Reference texts	The material used for the lessons will be available to students through the unistudium platform: https://unistudium.unipg.it/unistudium/course/view.php?id=45579 Recommended texts: - JOHNSTON-TOBIAS Veterinary surgery small animal -2° ed., 2600 pagg., 4000 ill., Elsevier, 2017 - Piermattei's Atlas of Surgical Approaches to the Bones and Joints of the Dog and Cat, 5th Edition 2013 - BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Practical Guide to Lameness and Joint Disease 2018 - Brinker, Piermattei and Flo’s Handbook of Small Animal Orthopedics and Fracture Repair, 5th Edition_By Charles E. DeCamp 2015 - Fossum: Chirurgia dei piccoli animali, Edizioni EV - DUERR La zoppia nel cane 1° ed., 408 pagg., 110 ill., Piccin, 2022
Educational objectives	Know The candidate must be able to carry out a proper diagnostic pathway in the main orthopedic pathologies of the pet. The course is the first teaching dedicated to the management of orthopedic surgical pathologies of small and large animals. Know-how The main objective of the course is to provide theoretical and practical sessions with the basics to address the main orthopedic pathologies in domestic animals. The main knowledge gained will be those focused mainly on patient evaluation (history and reporting), diagnostic path to follow and surgical planning to be implemented. The main skills (ie the ability to apply acquired knowledge) will be the acquisition by the student to handle practically orthopedic cases in small and large animals from diagnosis to surgical therapy
Prerequisites	no
Teaching methods	Frontal and practical lessons The course is organized as follows: Classroom lessons on some topics in the course Common Practice Classes and Clinical Rotation: Practice on a synthetic model at the Department of Veterinary Medicine's Clinical Skills Lab and on a cadaveric model at the Department of Veterinary Medicine's anatomy lab. During daily clinical practice, practical work will be performed in the operating rooms and outpatient clinics of the OVUD Surgery Department. Students will be divided into groups based on their number and, depending on the OVUD caseload, one group will directly perform diagnostic procedures on the patient to gather information about the orthopedic case, while another will work with the instructor on orthopedic surgical procedures or appropriate therapies. Particular attention will be paid to the logical approach to orthopedic cases and surgical planning.
Other information	Supplementary teaching activities characterized by Journal club meetings and seminars with PhD students, internal students and students of the weekly course and/or to be scheduled and agreed with the student during the semester (to be planned without overlapping with other courses and/or activities of the semester).
Learning verification modality	Written, Oral, and Practical Exam The exam includes a written, oral, and practical test. The total test lasts approximately 45-60 minutes and is designed to assess the student's level of knowledge and understanding of the theoretical and practical content outlined in the various module syllabi. The oral exam consists of a discussion of clinical cases or topics related to other modules, along with a discussion of the syllabi covered in class and reference texts. The written exam consists of 31 questions covering topics from the three modules of the course. Candidates who obtain a score of 18/30 (18 questions answered correctly) will advance to the oral exam. Questions regarding the course content will assess whether the student has achieved the objective of knowledge and understanding of the content. The written exam consists of 31 multiple-choice questions covering the three modules of the Veterinary Clinical Surgery II course (Clinical Surgical and Emergency Surgery of Small Animals, Clinical Surgical and Emergency Surgery of Large Animals, and Orthopedic Surgery). Students must demonstrate knowledge of the main surgical pathologies of small animals and the ability to perform the related surgical treatment. A score of 1 is awarded for a correct answer, 0 for no answer or an incorrect answer. Students may take the practical/oral exam with a score of 18 or higher. The oral exam will test the student's communication skills, including proper language and independent organization of presentations on theoretical topics, as well as medical terminology and the ability to connect them with other clinical subjects. The practical exam consists of assessing the student's manual skills in some basic surgical procedures performed during the course's practical exercises. Practical exam assessment procedures: - Bandaging - Recognition of fixation devices - Application of cerclage - Joint-specific tests The oral knowledge assessment will be conducted concurrently with the practical exam. The oral exam will assess the student's ability to contextualize surgical knowledge related to the procedures performed and their ability to understand their correct use for surgical therapy. Oral exam assessment criteria: Grade 18/30 Lack of basic knowledge of the subject matter, lack of detectable skills and abilities, difficulty focusing on the required topic, and disjointed presentation. Grade 18-20/30 Imprecise focus on the required topic. Fragmented knowledge. Uncertain presentation. Grade 22-24/30 Identification of the topic, good interdisciplinary connections. Orderly and correct presentation. Grade 24-26/30 Good knowledge of the topic, good contextualization and interdisciplinary connections. Ability to make logical deductions and argue effectively. Grade 26-28/30 Good knowledge of the topic, ability to make interdisciplinary and/or multidisciplinary connections. Ability to delve deeper and make personal contributions. Grade 28-30/30 Excellent knowledge of the exam topic, high ability to make interdisciplinary connections, linguistic precision and richness, and originality of presentation. For information on support services for students with disabilities and/or learning disabilities, visit http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa. In order to understand and apply most of the procedures described in the course, it is necessary to have passed the Veterinary Surgery Clinical I exams. For some topics covered in the course, the ability to interpret basic ultrasound and radiographic images is required in order to be able to follow the course profitably.
Extended program	After the course presentation (Introduction to the Course; Exam Procedures and Rules; Teaching Materials; Objectives), the instructor will explain the complete diagnostic process by using the first few hours of class to evaluate some basic clinical aspects: history, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The remaining lessons will focus on clinical cases in dogs and cats. Specifically, the following topics will be covered: a) Initial approach to the orthopedic trauma patient and management and classification of open fractures; 2 hours b) Basics of the treatment of simple fractures and maxillofacial surgery in small animals. Various aspects will be considered, including history, etiology, diagnosis, and surgical treatment. 2 hours c) Shoulder lameness, with particular reference to Osteochondritis dissecans of the shoulder in dogs. Various aspects will be considered, including history, etiology, diagnosis, and surgical treatment. 2 hours d) Elbow dislocation in dogs. Various aspects will be considered, including: medical history, etiology, diagnosis, and surgical treatment. 2 hours e) Elbow lameness, with particular emphasis on Elbow Dysplasia (FCP, OCD, UAP) in dogs. Various aspects will be considered, including: medical history, etiology, diagnosis, and surgical treatment. 2 hours f) Hindquarter lameness, with particular emphasis on Hip Dysplasia in dogs. Various aspects will be considered, including: medical history, etiology, diagnosis, and surgical treatment. 2 hours g) Hip luxation in dogs. Various aspects will be considered, including: medical history, etiology, diagnosis, and surgical treatment. 1 hour h) Treatment of traumatic Achilles tendon rupture. 1 hour i) Patellar luxation in dogs, patellar fracture, and tibiopatellar injuries. Various aspects will be considered, including: medical history, etiology, diagnosis, and surgical treatment. 2 hours l) Anterior cruciate ligament rupture in dogs, Achilles tendon rupture and treatment in dogs. Various aspects will be considered, including: medical history, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and surgical therapy. 2 hours

SURGICAL CLINIC AND EMERGENCY SURGERY OF LARGE ANIMALS

Code	GP005399
CFU	3
Teacher	Marco Pepe
Teachers	Marco Pepe
Hours	39 ore - Marco Pepe
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Discipline cliniche veterinarie
Sector	VET/09
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	The aim of the course is to improve the knowledge of the student on most common surgical disorders in different system organs and surgical emergencies in large animals Treatment of surgical emergencies or elective surgery, recognition of the clinical condition of the animal; stabilization of the patient; emergency and non-surgical emergency treatment; Acquisition of the ability to address the surgical patient in all its main aspects. The first day of class, after the presentation of the course and its aims, the teacher will use the first lesson hours to explain the complete diagnostic / therapeutic path and to evaluate some basic clinical aspects: anamnesis, etiology, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. The topics of the other lessons will be on the most common surgical disease for every apparatus
Reference texts	Auer: Equine Surgery, IV edition Saunders Ed. ISBN 0 7216 2860 5 Orsini & Divers Equine Emergiencies,
Educational objectives	The course is the first course entirely dedicated to the management of surgical elective and emergencies of large animals. D1 - KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY The student must - have knowledge of surgical emergencies and elective surgical therapies regarding the main surgical pathologies in large animals. D2 - ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING D3 - AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT The main objective of the course is to provide theoretical and practical sessions of the surgical elective and emergencies in large animals. The main focus of the knowledge acquired will be evaluation of the critical patient, preparation for surgical procedures in elective and emergiencies such as colic, management of the superficial and deep wound; management of the disorders digestive system, management of the disorders of the upper and lower respiratory tract; management of the disorders of the nervous system;;management of the disorders of the eye; management of the disorders of the muscoloskeletal system; management of the disorders of the urinary system. General emergency procedures and diagnostics, emergency imaging, endoscopy, laboratory diagnostic and monitoring The main skills (ie the ability to apply their knowledge) will be the acquisition by the student to manage elective surgery and emergencies in small and large animals from diagnosis to surgery and follow-up D4 - COMMUNICATION SKILLS At the end of the training the student will be able to: - to organize, prepare and exhibit, to an audience composed of peers of equal, a presentation on a surgical pathology of pets with their own evaluations supported by appropriate arguments, - support a cross-examination with people of both equal preparation (licensed professional) and experts in different subjects, of a regulatory and scientific nature, procedural and / or technological, - demonstrate language properties in both written and oral form as well ability to employ sufficiently appropriate terminology for a correct approach to the profession, also important for the purposes of interviews of work. D5 - LEARNING SKILLS At the end of the training the student will be able to: - consult and understand scientific texts, including the innovative ones, bibliographic updates, so as to employ them in contexts not only usual for the practical profession, including research, but also originals, - possess a sufficient mastery of the topic in order to guarantee an acceptable basis to continue updating throughout his career through continuous education
Teaching methods	The course is organized as follows. Lectures on some of the topics of the module program Tutorial in operating theaters and examination rooms of OVUD. The students according to the number are divided into groups for the practical work and for the Clinical Rotation and, possibly with the OVUD caseload, as regards the clinical routine cases while a group take place directly on the patient surgical diagnostic procedures, another with the teacher, address conventional surgical procedures Particular attention will be paid to the logical approach of the elective surgical patient of emergency cases from the referred large animals until the therapy and possible discharge of the case.
Extended program	Introduction to Surgery; Exam methods and rules; Teaching material Traumatized patient, Recognition of the clinical condition of the animal; Treatments in shock, chest, abdominal, nervous; Stabilization of the patient; Hemorrhage treatment and hemocagulation principles (1 hours) orthopedic emergencies I: Early interventions undergoing musculoskeletal disorders Specific orthopedic emergencies II (3 hours) Equine foot diseases (2 hours) Joint and tendon Sheath Surgery (Arthroscopy and Tenoscopy) (2 hours) LA Tendon and Ligament surgery (1,5 ore) Developmental Orthopaedic Diseases (2 hours) Equine Gastro-enteric disorders and their treatment: Part I Equine Gastro-enteric surgical diseases and their treatment: Rectal Lacerations: Internal External hernia Post-operative treatment of colic (4.5 hours) Large Animal Laparoscopy (2 hours) LA Ophthalmological emergencies and eye surgery (1.5 hours) Foal Emergency and surgery; (1.5 hours) Urinary System Emergency and surgery (1.5 hours) LA Respiratory Emergencies and Surgery I (1.5 hours) LA Respiratory Emergencies and Surgery II (3 hours)

SURGICAL CLINIC AND EMERGENCY SURGERY OF PETS

Code	GP005398
CFU	3
Teacher	Antonello Bufalari
Teachers	Antonello Bufalari
Hours	39 ore - Antonello Bufalari
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Discipline cliniche veterinarie
Sector	VET/09
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	It allows the student to acquire the basic knowledge on surgical diseases of small animals (dog and cat) with particular reference to the knowledge of pathological mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of the same even in emergency conditions in particular in small animals. Acquisition of the ability to deal with the surgical patient in emergency and not, in all its main aspects. On the first day of the lesson, after the presentation of the course and its objectives, the teacher will use the first hours of the lesson to explain the complete diagnostic/therapeutic path and to evaluate some basic clinical aspects: history, etiology, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis The topics of the next lessons will focus mainly on clinical cases of dogs and cats. This course provides specialized training in the process of learning the anatomical, physiological and pathological field of surgical diseases in pets. The emphasis of this course is related to the development of advanced knowledge of relevant surgical problems that are of a surgical and non-surgical nature, in carnivores that lead to the choice of the most appropriate therapy based on a logical and rational decision-making process. In view of the limited number of frontal hours available to the teacher, only some topics of the orthopedic program will be covered. The topics not dealt with during the lectures or practice will be prepared by the student referring to the recommended textbooks. The lessons will be held by the lecturer and, possibly, and only for some particular topics, 1 or 2 lessons could be held by other lecturers experienced in the subject to be treated. The aim of the course is to allow the student to deepen the surgical therapy of major emergencies in small animals. Treatment of emergencies in surgery: recognition of the animal’s clinical condition; patient stabilization; emergency treatments; Principles of plastic and reconstructive surgery. In consideration of the limited number of frontal hours available to the teacher, only some topics of the program of Surgical Clinic and emergency surgery of small animals The topics not dealt with during the lectures or practice will be prepared by the student referring to the recommended textbooks. The lessons will be held by the lecturer and, possibly, for some particular topics, by other teachers experienced in the subject to be treated. The following topics and relative surgical procedures will be evaluated Surgery of skin wounds and annexa (ear, etc) Hernias: abdominal, diaphragmatic, hiatal and perineal hernias Respiratory system: surgery of upper and lower respiratory tract Urinary system: surgery of bladder and urethra ropture Gastrointestinal system: All the patologies that require an emergency approach Hepatic system: epatic surgery such as lobectomy or partial lobectomy, gallbladder pathologies In consideration of the limited number of frontal hours available to the teacher, only some topics of the surgical clinic and emergency surgery of small animals will be treated The topics not covered in the frontal or practical lessons must be prepared by the student referring to the recommended textbooks. The lessons will be held by the professor and, for some particular topics, by other teachers who are experts in the subject to be discussed.
Reference texts	Textbooks: Bufalari A: Malattie Respiratorie del Cane e Gatto, Ed. Poletto, 2009, ISBN 978-88-95-033-24-2 Stashak: La zoppicatura nei cavalli, Ed. it. Ed. SBM,Noceto (Parma). Auer: Equine Surgery, Saunders Ed. ISBN 0 7216 2860 5 Fossum: Chirurgia dei piccoli animali, Masson Ed. ISBN 88 214 2684 X Slatter: Chirurgia dei piccoli animali, III Ed., Antonio Delfino Ed. Roma ISBN 88 72873347
Educational objectives	D1 - KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY The student must - have knowledge of surgical emergencies and elective surgical therapies regarding the main surgical pathologies in small animals. D2 - ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The main objective of the course is to provide, through theoretical and practical sessions, the basics for facing elective and emergency surgeries in small animals. The main knowledge acquired will focus mainly on: critical patient assessment, patient management with surgical emergencies such as Gastric Torsion Dilation, Small Intestine Intussusception and Invaginamento, Splenic Injuries, Traumatic Tracheal or Thoracic Lesions, etc. At the end of the training the student must: - know how to recognize surgical emergencies - be able to implement emergency maneuvers in the presence of a critical patient - to be able to discern between emergency and urgent surgical problems - know how to indicate the main therapeutic procedures in animals with surgical pathologies D3 - AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT At the end of the training the student will be able to: - to evaluate the most appropriate surgical therapies for a patient (Dog or Cat) with common surgical pathologies - Evaluate the most appropriate surgical therapies for a patient (Dog or Cat) with equal / emergency surgical pathologies - The main skills (ie the ability to apply the knowledge acquired) will be the acquisition by the student of practically managing elective surgical cases and in emergencies in large animals from diagnosis to therapy up to follow-up D4 - COMMUNICATION SKILLS At the end of the training the student will be able to: - to organize, prepare and exhibit, to an audience composed of peers of equal, a presentation on a surgical pathology of pets with their own evaluations supported by appropriate arguments, - support a cross-examination with people of both equal preparation (licensed professional) and experts in different subjects, of a regulatory and scientific nature, procedural and / or technological, - demonstrate language properties in both written and oral form as well ability to employ sufficiently appropriate terminology for a correct approach to the profession, also important for the purposes of interviews of work. D5 - LEARNING SKILLS At the end of the training the student will be able to: - consult and understand scientific texts, including the innovative ones, bibliographic updates, so as to employ them in contexts not only usual for the practical profession, including research, but also originals, - possess a sufficient mastery of the topic in order to guarantee an acceptable basis to continue updating throughout his career through continuous education
Teaching methods	The course is organized as follows: Classroom and lectures on some topics (considering the low number of hours available for theoretical lessons) of the course + clinical Rotation in the surgical rooms and Medication Rooms of the OVUD. Students will be divided into groups based both on the caseload present in the OVUD and on the number of active operating theaters. The student, under the strict supervision of one of the instructors in charge, will perform directly on the patient the diagnostic procedures, elective surgical procedures and/or the appropriate therapies. Particular attention will be paid to the logical approach of the clinical case from the acceptance to therapy and the possible discharge of the patient. The emphasis of the Surgery course is to give to the students sufficient clinical knowledge and skills to practise veterinary surgery in small animals, and also to provide with the scientific background to respond to future trends and advances in veterinary surgery. Practical classes provide instruction and practice in basic procedures such as general dieresis and sintesis, gastrointestinal biopsy and resection, cystotomy, dissection and other common surgical procedures. In order to understand and to apply the main procedures of the course, students must have passed the examinations of Veterinary Clinical Surgery I. For some topics covered in the course will require the ability to interpret the x-ray and ultrasound images in order to follow the course with profit. 1. Practical sessions are organized as clinical work and wetlab 2. The size of 2 groups of 6 students for each session of Clinical Rotation 3. Practical exercises will be carried out in the teaching laboratory (Skill Lab), in the anatomy rooms, operating rooms, and clinics of the OVUD, depending on the type of material available. 4. There is the academic staff who performs also the theoretical courses and at least 2-3 internal student or 2-3 post-doctoral veterinarians who support the teacher 5. The practical session are performed in the section of Clinical Surgery 6. Time distribution of practical sessions is 5/6 hours in 4 rounds 7. Attendance at practical sessions is compulsory (min. required 70%) 8. The practical sessions are not written up Practical and educational activities could be consulted on http://www.medvet.unipg.it Meetings, Journal Club and seminars with PhD students, interns and students by planning and agreeing with the students without overlapping with other courses and activities during the semester
Learning verification modality	The learning verification procedures are listed at: https://medvet.unipg.it/files/lm-42/msyllabus_mv_27082024.pdf Module: GP005398 - CLINICA CHIRURGICA E CHIRURGIA D'URGENZA DEI PICCOLI ANIMALI. Teacher: antonello bufalari
Extended program	This course provides specialized training in the anatomic, physiologic, and pathologic process of musculoskeletal diseases in small animals, with special emphasis on treatment of surgical diseases (also in Emergency) gastrointestinal, thoracic, pulmonary, cardiovascular and Urinary apparatus.There are also largely discussion format and examines surgical principles and surgery of wounds. It is designed to review and discuss urogenital surgical procedures such as nefrotomy, nefrectomy, cistotomy, cistectomy, uretral obstruction, in small animals and the rational basis for their treatment. Pathophysiology will be stressed. The course provides specialized training in thoracic surgery techniques such as thoracic approach, polmunary lobectomy, exploratory thoracotomy etc. The course provides some discussions in cardiopulmonary diseases such as pericardiectomy, Persistent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), Persistent IV Aortich Arch, etc. Normal anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal system in carnivores is presented initially. This is followed by in-depth discussion of the pathophysiological mechanisms and sequelae of gastric dilatation and volvulus, intestinal volvulus and intussusception, gastrointestinal obstructions including reperfusion injury, peritonitis, adhesions, and short bowel syndrome. The emphasis of this course is development of advanced understanding of surgically relevant gastrointestinal problems in carnivores that lead to appropriate decision making. Also the course will focalize on surgical treatment of Hernias: abdominal, diaphragmatic, hiatal and perineal hernias. In view of the limited number of hours available for the teacher, the classes will only cover some of the topics of Veterinary Surgery program. Any topics not covered during theoretica or practical lesson should be prepared by the student referring to the recommended textbooks. Classes will be taught by the official lecturer and, in rare cases and for some specific topics, by other faculty experts in the field to be treated. In particular, the arguments for small animals will be carried out: Surgery of skin wounds and annexa (ear, etc) Hernias: abdominal, diaphragmatic, hiatal and perineal hernias Respiratory system: surgery of upper and lower respiratory tract Urinary system: surgery of bladder and urethra ropture Gastrointestinal system: All the patologies that require an emergency approach Hepatic system: epatic surgery such as lobectomy or partial lobectomy, gallbladder pathologies The course, compatibly with the limited number of hours available for the teacher will focuses on General emergency procedures such as: Gastro-intestinal surgical emergencies; Urinary emergencies; Integumental emergencies; Muscolo-skeletal emergencies (fracture., joint and tendons), Opthalmic emergencies and Neurological emergencies will be held in other specific courses such as ADE.