Unit GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2

GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - MOD. 3

Code	GP004612
CFU	4
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Formazione clinica interdisciplinare e medicina basata sulle evidenze
Academic discipline	MED/04
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

Cognomi A-L

CFU

4

Teacher

Giuseppe Servillo

Teachers

• Giuseppe Servillo

Hours

• 50 ore - Giuseppe Servillo

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

General Oncology: Cancer cell
Carcinogenesis and molecular basis of neoplastic transformation. Angiogenesis. Metastasis. Immunity and tumors

Reference texts

Pontieri, Russo, Frati.
Patologia Generale
Piccin Ed.

Robbins Kumar Cotran
Le basi patologiche delle malattie
Piccin

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the events that determin the inflammatory processes. Acute and chronic inflammation.
Knowledge of the nature of the neoplastic cell and of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of carcinogenesis neoplastic transformation, metastasis and organ damage. Immunity and tumors

Prerequisites

Physics, chemistry and cell biology. Basic genetics. Biochemistry of nucleic acids, proteins and lipids.
Histology. Human anatomy. Elements of Immunology

Teaching methods

Lectures, class discussions, visualization and commentary of images and laboratory procedures. Viewing movies. Work in a group. Inverted classes. Peer to peer teaching

Other information

Schedule of the lessons and exams: The schedule of the lessons and exams is posted on the Course website By appointment through e-mail. Teaching room, Building C, 3th Floor, Medicine and Surgery Course, Piazzale Severi, 1. Perugia.

For students with disabilities see the website http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa

Learning verification modality

Examination methods: Oral test lasting approximately 30 minutes with 3 questions. The first is prevalent in Molecular pathology, the second in cellular response and the third in Physiopathology topics. The questions will verify the student's preparation in the subject of General Pathology and Physiopathology.

Extended program

Inflammation
-General characters. Definition of inflammation. Mechanisms of recognition of a pathogen. Distinctive features between acute and chronic inflammation.
-Acute exudative phlogosis (Angiophlogosis). Phases. Plasma and tissue mediators of inflammation. Exudation: the different types of exudate. Acute phase proteins. Acute inflammation cells. Diapedesis, chemotaxis and phagocytosis. The different types of acute inflammation: serous, serum-fibrinous, fibrous, catarrhal, purulent, hemorrhagic, necrotic-hemorrhagic and allergic.
Chronic phlogosis (histophlogosis). Chronic inflammation cells.
Chronic granulomatous and interstitial inflammations. Granuloma structure: tuberculoma, syphiloma, rheumatic nodule, leproma, granuloma of viral origin, foreign body granuloma.
- Outcomes of inflammatory processes.
-Repairing processes and granulation tissue.

GENERAL ONCOLOGY

Classification and nomenclature of tumors. Characteristics of the transformed cell. Metaplasia. Dysplasia. Anaplasia. Benign and malignant tumors. Histological classification and morphological elements of benign and malignant human tumors. In situ carcinoma.

MOLECULAR BASES OF CELL TRANSFORMATION. Oncogene concept. Membrane receptors and signal transduction pathways from the cell surface to the nucleus in the control of cell proliferation. Amplification mutations and translocations as oncogenic mechanisms. Karyotype and chromosomal alterations in tumors. The main oncogenes. Tumor suppressor gene concept. Molecular control of the cell cycle, phases and proteins that regulate the cycle. Cycle checkpoints. Hereditary familial neoplasms. The main tumor suppressors. Epigenetics and cancer.

MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF THE CONTROL OF APOPTOSIS. Pro and anti-apoptotic genes in the pathogenesis of tumors

Genomics and tumors: the genetic panorama of tumors and new DNA analysis technologies (outline)

CARCINOGENESIS. Elements of tumor epidemiology. Chemical carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis from ultraviolet radiation. Carcinogenesis by ionizing radiation. Viral carcinogenesis.

Tumor ANGIOGENESIS.

METASTATIZATION AND STADIATION. Molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of metastasis. Primitive and metastatic tumors. Pathways of metastasization. Graduation and staging of tumors.

IMMUNITY AND CANCER. Role of the immune system in controlling the neoplastic process. Tumor-specific and -associated antigens. Main immunological markers of tumors.

Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile

Health and wellness.
High quality education

Cognomi M-Z

CFU

4

Teacher

Francesco Grignani

Teachers

• Francesco Grignani

Hours

• 50 ore - Francesco Grignani

GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - MOD. 4

Code	A001240
CFU	3
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Formazione clinica interdisciplinare e medicina basata sulle evidenze
Academic discipline	MED/04
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

Cognomi A-L

CFU

3

Teacher

Giuseppe Servillo

Teachers

• Giuseppe Servillo

Hours

• 37.5 ore - Giuseppe Servillo

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

• Essentials of pathophysiology of thermoregulation
• Essentials of pathophysiology of heart
• Essentials of pathophysiology of circulation
• Essentials of pathophysiology of blood
• Essentials of pathophysiology of liver
• Essentials of pathophysiology of the respiratory system
• Essentials of pathophysiology of the kidney
• Essentials of pathophysiology of fluid and electrolyte and acid-base balance
•Essentials of the endocrine system

Reference texts

Pontieri, Russo, Frati.
Patologia Generale
Piccin Ed.

Robbins Kumar Cotran
The pathologic basis of disease
Elsevier

Educational objectives

The main skill expectations will be to acquire the basic knowledge on the pathophysiology of organs and systems to provide adequate instruments for a correct clinical approach to diseases and to evaluate and use the information from the main biomedical diagnostic techniques.

Prerequisites

Basic knowledge in:Physics, chemistry and cell biology. Basic genetics. Biochemistry of nucleic acids, proteins and lipids.
Histology. Human anatomy. Elements of Immunology. Physiology

Teaching methods

Lectures, class discussions, visualization and commentary of images and laboratory procedures. Viewing movies. Work in a group. Inverted classes. Peer to peer teaching. Online teaching

Other information

Schedule of the lessons and exams: The schedule of the lessons and exams is posted on the Course website By appointment through e-mail. Teaching room, Building C, 3th Floor, Medicine and Surgery Course, Piazzale Severi, 1. Perugia.

For students with disabilities see the website http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa

Learning verification modality

The student evaluation consists of an oral exam at the end of the course lessons. The assessment of the preparation of the student lasts an average of thirty minutes depending on the degree of knowledge of the topics covered and the presentation skills of the student. The test consists of three questions regarding the discipline studied related to: molecular and cellular pathology of the intrinsic and extrinsic causes of disease; cellular pathology and molecular oncology and inflammatory; general physiopathology organ. The oral examination is essential for the assessment of the knowledge acquired by the students, exhibition of his skills and mastery of the subject studied with particular reference to the ability to link between different topics.

Extended program

Fever: thermoregulation and alterations. Causes of fever. Hypothermia and hyperthermia. Morphology of the thermal curve. Organic changes in the metabolism during the fever.
Pathophysiology of heart: an outline of congenital and acquired defects. Endocarditis and valvular disease. Cardiomyopathy. Ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction. Congestive heart failure.
Pathophysiology of the circle: High blood pressure. Hypotension, syncope and collapse. Shock: etiology and mechanisms of compensation. Vasculitis. Atheromatous process. Risk factors for atherosclerosis. Aneurysms.
Blood disorders: disorders of the blood and blood cells. Hemoglobinopathies. Anemias. White blood cells and leukocytosis. Platelets and the process of hemostasis and coagulation. Bleeding. Thrombotic and embolic processes. CID
Liver functions in relation to the significance in hepatic impairment. Cirrhosis of the liver and liver failure. Hepatic impairment: pathophysiology of metabolic disorders, neurological, cardiovascular, renal, endocrine. Portal hypertension and ascites: pathophysiological mechanisms and consequences. Jaundice: pathophysiological mechanisms
Pathophysiology of the respiratory system: changes ingas exchange and pulmonary perfusion. Hypoxia, cyanosis. Bronchial asthma. Obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, atelectasis, pneumothorax. Acute and chronic pulmonary edema. Pathogenesis of respiratory failure.
Pathophysiology of renal damage: loss of nephrons. Acute renal failure: pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Metabolic acidosis. Chronic kidney disease: pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Nephritic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome: pathophysiology
Alteration of electrolyte balanceand acid-base: dehydration-hydration. Respiratory regulation and renal acid-base balance. Alkalosis and acidosis.
Pathophysiology of the endocrine system: hypopituitarism and hyperpituitarism. Thyroid: hypo- andhyper-thyroidism, goiter, thyroiditis. Endocrine pancreas: etiopathogenetic aspects of diabetes mellitus. Adrenal cortical insufficiency and ipersurrenalism. Adrenal medulla: pheochromocytoma.

Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile

Health and wellness.
High quality education

Cognomi M-Z

CFU

3

Teacher

Francesco Grignani

Teachers

• Vasileios Oikonomou (Codocenza)
• Francesco Grignani

Hours

• 4 ore (Codocenza) - Vasileios Oikonomou
• 33.5 ore - Francesco Grignani

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

General Oncology: Cancer cell
Carcinogenesis and molecular basis of neoplastic transformation. Angiogenesis. Metastasis. Immunity and tumors

Reference texts

Pontieri, Russo, Frati.
Patologia Generale
Piccin Ed.

Robbins Kumar Cotran
The pathologic basis of disease
Elsevier

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the nature of the neoplastic cell and of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of carcinogenesis neoplastic transformation, metastasis and organ damage. Immunity and tumors

Prerequisites

Physics, chemistry and cell biology. Basic genetics. Biochemistry of nucleic acids, proteins and lipids.
Histology. Human anatomy. Elements of Immunology

Teaching methods

Lectures, class discussions, visualization and commentary of images and laboratory procedures. Viewing movies. Work in a group. Inverted classes. Peer to peer teaching. Online teaching

Learning verification modality

In-Itinere verification in the classroom

Extended program

GENERAL ONCOLOGY

Classification and nomenclature of tumors. Characteristics of the transformed cell. Metaplasia. Dysplasia. Anaplasia. Benign and malignant tumors. Histological classification and morphological elements of benign and malignant human tumors. In situ carcinoma.

MOLECULAR BASES OF CELL TRANSFORMATION. Oncogene concept. Membrane receptors and signal transduction pathways from the cell surface to the nucleus in the control of cell proliferation. Amplification mutations and translocations as oncogenic mechanisms. Karyotype and chromosomal alterations in tumors. The main oncogenes. Tumor suppressor gene concept. Molecular control of the cell cycle, phases and proteins that regulate the cycle. Cycle checkpoints. Hereditary familial neoplasms. The main tumor suppressors. Epigenetics and cancer.

MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF THE CONTROL OF APOPTOSIS. Pro and anti-apoptotic genes in the pathogenesis of tumors

Genomics and tumors: the genetic panorama of tumors and new DNA analysis technologies (outline)

CARCINOGENESIS. Elements of tumor epidemiology. Chemical carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis from ultraviolet radiation. Carcinogenesis by ionizing radiation. Viral carcinogenesis.

Tumor ANGIOGENESIS.

METASTATIZATION AND STADIATION. Molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of metastasis. Primitive and metastatic tumors. Pathways of metastasization. Graduation and staging of tumors.

IMMUNITY AND CANCER. Role of the immune system in controlling the neoplastic process. Tumor-specific and -associated antigens. Main immunological markers of tumors.

PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES and NEOPLASTIC CACHESSIA

Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile