Unit BIOLOGY-PHYSIC AND STATISTICS

BIOCHEMISTRY

Code	GP003916
CFU	1
Teacher	Lara Macchioni
Teachers	Lara Macchioni
Hours	12 ore - Lara Macchioni
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/10
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Functional groups of organic molecules. Molecules of biological interest. Metabolic pathways. Krebs cycle. Respiratory chain. Oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and aminoacids: the hormonal control of metabolism
Reference texts	Biochimica e Biologia per le Professioni Sanitarie - Rita Roberti, Giovanni Alunni Bistocchi, Cinzia Antognelli e Vincenzo Nicola Talesa - Mcgraw-hill Editor
Educational objectives	The main aim of this course is to provide students with the knowledge of basic properties of biological systems and of the mechanisms controlling cellular homeostasis. The main competence will be: -to evaluate the nature and properties of reagents and solutions usually employed in professional practice; - to understand the general metabolic behavior in physiopathological conditions.
Prerequisites	For an effective understanding of the topics of this integrated course, composed of Biochemistry, Applied biology, Physics and Medical Statistics, the basic knowledge at high school level of Chemistry, Biology, Physics and Statistics is required. In particular, general knowledge of cell structure, atomic structure, simple inorganic and organic molecules structure, and basic concepts of classical physics and statistics, are mandatory.
Teaching methods	The course is organized in lectures on all the subjects. Students are stimulated to interact with the teacher during the lectures.
Other information	See web site http://www.med.unipg.it/logopedia/
Learning verification modality	he exam consists of a written test and/or an oral examination relative to the four modules of the integrated course. The written test, comprising basic questions covering all the topics, aims to assess the minimum basic preparation to face the oral examination. The oral exam aims to assess the level of knowledge of the subjects of the integrated course, and the ability to make connections and to integrate knowledge. The oral exam will also test the student communication skills. The final evaluation takes into account mainly the oral exam.
Extended program	ELEMENTS OF GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY. Carbohydrates. Structure and properties of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The glycosidic bond. Carbohydrates of physiologic significance: glucose, fructose, ribose, saccharose, lactose, starch, cellulose, glycogen. Lipids. Structure and properties of fatty acids, acylglycerols, phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol. Aminoacids. Proteins: structural organization, classification, functions. Denaturation of proteins. Structure and functions of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Oxygen transport. ELEMENTS OF DYNAMIC BIOCHEMISTRY. Overview of metabolic pathways: anabolism, catabolism, linear and cyclic pathways. ATP: structure and role in the metabolism. The Krebs cycle. The respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. The metabolism of carbohydrates. Digestion and absorption of sugars. Glycolysis and metabolism of glycogen. The hormonal control of blood glucose (insulin and glucagon). The metabolism of fats. Digestion, absorption, and storage of dietary lipids. Lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Biosynthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerols. Hormonal control of lipolysis and lipogenesis (insulin and glucagon). The ketone bodies. The metabolism of proteins and aminoacids. Protein digestion and aminoacid absorption. Transamination and deamination reactions. Ureogenesis. The metabolic fate of aminoacid carbon skeleton.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Health and wellness

APPLIED BIOLOGY

Code	GP003915
CFU	2
Teacher	Cinzia Antognelli
Teachers	Cinzia Antognelli
Hours	24 ore - Cinzia Antognelli
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/13
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Living organisms characteristics. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Flow of genetic information within a biological system and its regulation. Cell cycle and its control. Mutations: types and causes. Reproduction of multicellular living organisms: meiosis and gametogenesis.
Reference texts	R. Roberti, G. Alunni Bistocchi, C: Antognelli, VN Talesa. - Biochimica e Biologia per le professioni sanitarie McGrawHill P. Bonaldo, S. Suga, R. Pierantoni, P. Riva, M.G Romanelli- Biology and Genetics – EdiSES The teaching materials are also available on Unistudium. Disabled students and/or with DSA are guaranteed all the compensatory and/or dispensatory measures provided for by current legislation in accordance with the University guidelines.
Educational objectives	The Applied Biology module represents one of the first preparatory courses of the Course of study in Obstetrics. As such, the main objective of teaching is to provide students with the foundations to tackle the study of both more complex basic disciplines (Histology, Anatomy, Physiology, Microbiology and Pathology) and specialist disciplines. The main knowledge acquired will concern the integrated study of the cell and living organisms, with emphasis on the: • molecular mechanisms involved in the biogenesis processes of organelles and cellular structures • interactions between cells and cells-extracellular environment • duplication, transmission and expression of genetic information • cell proliferation
Prerequisites	In order to understand the contents of the course it is necessary to have knowledge of the basic elements of chemistry.
Teaching methods	The course is organized in classroom lessons (face-to-face) on all course topics.
Other information	Site of the teacher: Department of Medicine and Surgery, Building B, 4th floor, P.le L Severi 1, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia. Student reception: the professor is always available to receive students upon request via email (cinzia.antognelli@unipg.it).
Learning verification modality	The exam includes a final written test (multiple choice tests involving reasoning) made up of 60 questions and 5 answer options, of which only one is correct, to be carried out in 60 minutes. One point is assigned to each correct answer; 0 points are assigned to incorrect or unanswered answers. The test as a whole allows you to ascertain your ability to know and understand the contents of the discipline. Students with DSA and/or disabilities are guaranteed the compensatory and/or dispensatory measures provided for by current legislation and the relevant UNIPG University Regulations.
Extended program	The characteristics of living organisms. Biomolecules: proteins, lipids and glucids (general characteristics). Models of cellular organization: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Viruses: general characteristics. Animal eukaryotic cell. Plasma membrane: structure and functions. The main mechanisms of membrane transport and cellular communication; cytoplasm; ribosomes; rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus; lysosomes; peroxisomes; mitochondria and the energy problem; cytoskeleton (general characteristics), nucleus and nucleolus. DNA and RNA: structure and function. Organization of chromatin, chromosomes. The eukaryotic gene. Gene expression: transcription, maturation of primary transcripts, genetic code, translation. Regulation of gene expression: general characteristics. Cell cycle: interphase, DNA replication, mitosis. Cell cycle control: check-point and CdK-cyclines. Proto-oncogenes, oncogenes and tumor suppressor. Gene mutations (point mutations, missense, nonsense, neutral mutations), genomic mutations (aneuploidy and polyploidy mutations) and chromosomal mutations (deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation). Human normal and pathological karyotype. Heterochromatinization of the X chromosome. Reproduction of multicellular organisms; meiosis and its biological meaning, gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis).
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Objective 3: Health and Wellness

APPLIED PHYSICS

Code	GP003918
CFU	2
Teacher	Livio Fano'
Teachers	Livio Fano'
Hours	20 ore - Livio Fano'
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze propedeutiche
Academic discipline	FIS/07
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Mechanics. Fluids. Heat and basic of thermodynamics. Basic of electromagnetism. Transmission of signals in the nervous system. Waves and introduction to acoustics
Reference texts	Lectures are available on the Unistudium platform Davidovits- Fisica per le professioni sanitarie, UTET Università, 2015
Educational objectives	To give the basic knowledge of the principles of Physics necessary for understanding the functioning of the main systems that make up the human body.
Prerequisites	Basic knowledge of algebra and trigonometry. Basic knowledge in mathematics. Basic notions of biology and basic physics.
Teaching methods	Classroom Lectures
Other information	Lectures given at Edificio B – Polo Didattico Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia
Learning verification modality	Written exam
Extended program	The translational movement of bodies The rotational movement of extended bodies Relationship between angular and linear motion Analogies and differences between bikes translational and rotational The concepts of work and energy Forms of energy. First law of thermodynamics Difference between heat and other forms of power The second principle of thermodynamics Basal metabolism. Heat production: energy from food Heat exchanges with the outside Circulation physics Force and pressure in a fluid. Hydrostatic pressure in the body human Pascal's principle The principle of Archimedes Surface tension and surfactants The inviscid fluids and the equation of Bernoulli The viscous fluids and the law of Poiseuille The turbulent flow Blood circulation Arterial pressure Blood flow control Power produced by the heart ed energy flow Measurement of arterial pressure The diffusion Basic concepts of electricity Transmission of signals in the nervous system- cellular potentials and ionic diffusion - generation of rest potential and Nerst's law - cell membrane model for ion exchanges - generation and characteristics of the potential and ipropagation. Extracellular registration of potentials (notes on EMG, EEG and cardiotocography) - physical principles in the detection of ECG - overview of electroprotection. Waves and introduction to acoustics-waves and their properties: descriptive parameters, propagation in the homogeneous means at the interface -reversion, refraction and diffusion-sound and hearing: hearing and structure of the ear- intensity, sound sensation and their measurement - ranges of perception and audibility curve - notes on phonation and musical acoustics.- light, vision and optical instruments simple geometric optics

MEDICAL STATISTICS

Code	GP003917
CFU	2
Teacher	Fabrizio Stracci
Teachers	Fabrizio Stracci
Hours	20 ore - Fabrizio Stracci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze propedeutiche
Academic discipline	MED/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	The basis of scientific investigation The role of statistic methods in biomedical research Descriptive statistics Inferential statistics Regression models to analyze relationships between variables
Reference texts	Primer of biostatistics by Stanton A. Glantz or Principles of Biostatistics by Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau
Educational objectives	Basic data analysis Understanding of the role of statistics in medicine Critical reading of methods and results in published biomedical research
Prerequisites	none
Teaching methods	Theoretical lessons Hands-on exercises
Other information
Learning verification modality	Oral exam. Duration about 15-20 minutes based on two questions. A question will be devoted to explore knowledge of common statistics, the concept of statistical testing and regression models. Another question will investigate competence in the application of simple statistical techniques and critical reading of methods applied in epidemiologic and clinical research. Final grade will be obtained as the arithmetic mean of results of integrated courses.
Extended program	1. Introduction 1.1 Statistics definitions and scope 1.2 Statistical methods in medical research 2. Data 2.1 Types of variables 2.2 Tabulation and processing of data 2.3 Diagrams 2.4 Descriptive statistics 2.5 Measures of central tendency 2.6 Measures of variability 3. Probability 3.1 Frequentist definition of probability 3.2 Probability distributions 3.3 The normal or Gaussian distribution 3.4 Probability distributions and applications 4. Populations and samples 4.1 Parameters and their estimation 4.2 Sampling 5. Statistical inference 5.1 Point and interval estimation 5.2 Confidence interval for the sample mean 5.3 Significance testing 5.4 Parametric Hypothesis Tests: Student’s t test and Analysis of Variance 5.5 Confidence interval for the difference between two means 5.6 Non-Parametric Hypothesis Tests: chi-squared test 6. Regression and correlation 6.1 Regression models 6.2 Linear regression 6.2.1 Linear regression equation: parameters estimation using the ordinary least squares method 6.2.2 Tests of significance in regression 6.2.3 Confidence interval for the linear regression coefficient b 6.3 Correlation 6.4 Critical reading of results from multivariable regression models 6.5 Multivariable modeling, an introduction
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile