Unit MORPHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY IN HUMANS

HUMAN ANATOMY

Code	GP003868
CFU	2
Teacher	Sara Chiappalupi
Teachers	Sara Chiappalupi
Hours	20 ore - Sara Chiappalupi
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/16
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Tissues and apparatuses. Skeletal system. Cardiovascular apparatus. Digestive system. Urinary system. Endocrine system. Nervous system. Eye and ear anatomy.
Reference texts	Elementi di anatomia e fisiologia dell'uomo, Zanichelli. Third edition, 2019. Anatomia umana- ELEMENTI. Edi.Ermes, 2019.
Educational objectives	The main aim of this teaching is to provide the students with the basis for the recognition and description of: 1) human bones and their topographical position; 2) the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of internal organs; 3) the anatomical and functional organization of the central nervous system.
Prerequisites	Students should have general information of solid geometry and cellular biology.
Teaching methods	Face-to-face lectures with the use of PowerPoint slides. Use of plastic models related to the topics developed at lessons. The education material presented during the lectures (with the exclusion of illustrations protected by copyright) will be made available to the students in electronic format (pdf files) and it does not replace the use of suggested books.
Learning verification modality	The level of learning achieved will be assessed through a multiple-choice written test with single answer structured to evaluate students' knowledge about anatomy. Info on the support service for students with disability and/or DSA can be found at http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Extended program	Tissues and apparatuses. General characteristics and position of the principal bones. The heart and great vessels. Macroscopic anatomy of the respiratory apparatus. Principal macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the oesophagus, stomach, small and gross intestine, liver and pancreas. Principal macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the urinary apparatus. Principal macroscopic aspects of endocrine glands. Central nervous system: telencephalon, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system and Autonomic nervous system. Macroscopic anatomy of the eye and ear.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Objective 3, 4, 5

NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGY

Code	GP003869
CFU	2
Teacher	Alessandro Tozzi
Teachers	Alessandro Tozzi
Hours	20 ore - Alessandro Tozzi
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/09
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Elements of Neurophysiology Homeostasis and homeostatic mechanisms. Cellular transport and membrane potentials. Transmission and propagation of neural information. Somatic sensory nervous system and autonomic adrenergic nervous system. Elements of Skeletal Muscle Physiology Excitation-contraction coupling and force development and regulation. Spinal reflexes. Elements of Cardiovascular Physiology General organization of the cardiovascular system. Electrical and mechanical activity of the heart. Regulation of cardiac output and arterial pressure. Elements of Respiratory Physiology Respiratory mechanics, ventilation, diffusion, and transport of O2 and CO2. Elements of Gastrointestinal Physiology Functions of the digestive system. Role of the enteric nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and enteric endocrine system. Smooth muscle and motor functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Functions of the stomach, exocrine pancreas, and the liver’s role in digestion. Nutrient absorption. Urinary System: Overview of Nephron Physiology
Reference texts	Elementi di Fisiologia a cura di Roberto Poltronieri - EdiSES or Fisiologia umana - Elementi autori vari Edi-ermes
Educational objectives	Students will acquire knowledge of general physiology applied to workplace risk prevention, with a focus on homeostasis, neurophysiology, muscle, cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic physiology. This will enable them to assess the impact of working conditions on health and develop prevention strategies based on scientific evidence.
Prerequisites	Basics of cell biology, biochemistry, and anatomy.
Teaching methods	Lectures; projection of teaching materials in the classroom; ongoing assessments; publication of teaching materials on the university platform Unistudium.
Learning verification modality	Midterm Tests; Written Exam with Multiple-Choice and Open-Ended Questions. Use of the LibreEOL Platform.
Extended program	Elements of Neurophysiology • Homeostasis and homeostatic mechanisms. • Passive and active transport mechanisms. • Structure and functions of the nervous system. • Resting membrane potential. Graded potential and action potential. • Membrane receptors. Synaptic transmission. Propagation of nerve signals. • Properties of sensory receptors. Amplitude coding, frequency coding, and labeled line coding. • Somatic sensory nervous system. Tactile and thermal sensitivity. • Nociception and modulation mechanisms. • Autonomic adrenergic nervous system. Elements of Muscle Physiology • Skeletal muscle. • Neuromuscular synapse, excitation-contraction coupling, and cross-bridge cycle. • Muscle twitch and tetanic contraction. • Motor units. Mechanisms of force regulation. • Spinal reflexes. Flexor reflex; muscle spindle, stretch reflex. Elements of Cardiovascular Physiology • General organization of the cardiovascular system. • The heart. Cardiac electrical activity. • Cardiac mechanics: excitation-contraction coupling. Cardiac cycle. • Cardiac output and venous return. Regulation of cardiac output. • Blood pressure and regulatory mechanisms. Elements of Respiratory Physiology • Respiratory mechanics: airways and pulmonary ventilation. Thoracic-pulmonary balance. Inspiration and expiration. • Diffusion and transport of O2 and CO2. Elements of Gastrointestinal Physiology • Functions of the digestive system. • Role of the enteric nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and major hormones in digestive system regulation. • Smooth muscle. • Movements of the gastrointestinal tract. • Functions of the stomach. • Exocrine pancreatic secretions and regulation. • Role of the liver in fat digestion. • Digestion and absorption of nutrients.

GENERAL PATHOLOGY

Code	GP003870
CFU	2
Teacher	Claudio Costantini
Teachers	Claudio Costantini
Hours	20 ore - Claudio Costantini
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	MED/04
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Pathology and pathogenetic processes. Etiology of pathologies, the inflammatory process as principal pathogenetic mechanism
Reference texts	G.M. Pontieri - Elementi di Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia generale - (Casa Editrice Piccin) G. Majno, I. Joris - Cellule, Tessuti e Malattia - seconda edizione ( Casa Editrice Ambrosiana) F. Celotti - Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia - seconda edizione (EdiSES)
Educational objectives	Basic knowledge of the main mechanisms predisposing to pathology as tumours, inflammation, professional-induced and pulmonary.
Prerequisites	Basic knowledge of the main mechanisms of biology.
Teaching methods	Frontal lessons on all the topics of the Course, with presentation and discussion of slides.
Other information	Schedule of the lessons and exams: The schedule of the lessons and exams is posted on the Course website https://tepal.unipg.it/ For students with disabilities see the website http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Learning verification modality	Written test that consists in 10 quiz and 4 open questions.
Extended program	1. General Pathology, homeostasis and health status versus pathology 2. Inflammation and the Immune response 3. Chronic inflammation and chronic allergy disease-work correlated. 4. Adaptation mechanisms 5. Degenerations 6. Tumours and oncogenesis 7. Pathology due to altered movements 8. Noise induced pathology 9. Stress-induced pathology
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Salute e benessere