Unit RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

ELECTRONIC BIOENGEENERING AND INFORMATICS

Code	50998703
CFU	3
Teacher	Elisabetta Zanetti
Teachers	Elisabetta Zanetti
Hours	24 ore - Elisabetta Zanetti
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Scienze informatiche applicate alla gestione sanitaria
Academic discipline	ING-INF/06
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Bioengineering and Informatics principles
Reference texts	Slides projected during lectures and uploaded on Unistudium website
Educational objectives	Basical knowledge of medical instrumentation and of techniques to elaborate signals and images. Biomechanics and mechanical technology.
Prerequisites	Basic mathematics and physics
Teaching methods	Frontal lectures and informatic sessions
Other information	Further information can be requested via email
Learning verification modality	Written test: 12 questions with short answers (1h)
Extended program	Introduction to bioengineering Specifications and calibration of a measuring system Frequency analysis of signals Signals digitalization Bioimages 3D modelling and fast prototyping Properties of materials PC, its main hardware, web connections. Health Informatics: ICD, DRG, SNOMED, Electronic health folder, RIS/PACS Directives concerning electrical safety
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Italian

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IN REHABILITATION

Code	50995101
CFU	3
Teacher	Daniela Gaburri
Teachers	Daniela Gaburri
Hours	30 ore - Daniela Gaburri
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	* scienze della fisioterapia
Academic discipline	MED/48
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Purposes and methods of EBM / EBP. EBP in five steps. EBP question fomation P.I.C.O Search for evidence in the literature. Critical appraisal
Reference texts	Educational material provided by the teacher
Educational objectives	Knowledge of purposes and methods of practice based on evidence Ability to apply knowledge and understanding in relation to the formulation of clinical questions Ability to conduct literature searches Ability of critical reading of scientific works
Prerequisites	Surf the web Basic knowledge of english
Teaching methods	Traditional lectures Practice
Other information	no one
Learning verification modality	Develop a paper
Extended program	General Aspects - Definition of evidence-based practice (EBP) understood as the integration of the best scientific evidence with clinical expertice and individual patient values and circumstances - The rationale for EBP - Advantages and limitations of the main study designs, identifying their correct hierarchy - The 5 steps of EBP: formulating clinical questions, researching, appraising and applying evidence, monitoring performance - Difference between using evidence to inform clinical decisions and producing evidence Formulating clinical questions - Foreground and background clinical questions - Different types of clinical questions: etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment - Structuring clinical questions using the PICO model Searching for evidence - Primary sources where to search for scientific evidence: primary databases, evidence databases, and "filtered" or "pre-appraised" resources - Search strategy for clinical questions - Different areas covered by the main databases - Obtain full text of articles Critically evaluate and interpret evidence - Critically evaluate internal validity, clinical relevance, and applicability and integrity of clinical research - Critical appraisal and interpretation of various study types (RCTs, Systematic Reviews)

STATISTICS FOR EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Code	50997402
CFU	2
Teacher	Roberto Fabiani
Teachers	Roberto Fabiani
Hours	16 ore - Roberto Fabiani
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Statistica ed epidemiologia
Academic discipline	MED/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Biomedical research: basic research and clinical studies. Descriptive and inferential statistics. Critical analysis of the literature and scientific papers. Systematic reviews.
Reference texts	Lecture notes and the slides provided by the instructor. Please note that the slides are concise and do not cover all topics exhaustively. For a more comprehensive understanding of the subjects discussed, the following reference and supplementary textbook is recommended: “Statistica per discipline biomediche” – Stanton A. Glantz. McGraw Hill Education, 2007. (with CD-ROM). ISBN: 9788838639258.
Educational objectives	Provide the essential tools to understand and engage with the scientific literature in the biomedical field. Develop knowledge of descriptive and inferential statistics to critically interpret the results of scientific publications related to basic research and clinical studies. Acquire statistical skills necessary for the proper writing of a thesis.
Prerequisites	None
Teaching methods	Theoretical and practical lessons
Other information	None
Learning verification modality	Written examination
Extended program	Introduction to the scientific method and biomedical research. Population and sample. Types of studies: observational and experimental (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, randomized controlled trials – RCTs). Variables: definition, classification, measurement scales. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Frequency distributions and graphical representations. Measures of central tendency, position, and dispersion. Normal distribution: characteristics and applications. Standardized normal curve. Inferential statistics. Sampling distribution of the mean. Central limit theorem. Point and interval estimates. Standard error. Confidence intervals. Hypothesis testing: null and alternative hypotheses. Type I and Type II statistical errors. Analysis of variance (ANOVA). F-statistic. Student's t-test. Non-parametric tests for paired data. Contingency tables. Chi-square test and Yates’ correction. Risk measures: Relative Risk and Odds Ratio. Correlation and simple linear regression. Regression line, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination. Diagnostic tests: sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. ROC curve and threshold value. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Critical appraisal of the scientific literature and research papers.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Health and well-being

TECHNOLOGIES AND RECOMBINANTS APPLIED TO REHABILITATION

Code	50995001
CFU	1
Teacher	Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
Teachers	Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
Hours	8 ore - Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Scienze biomediche e psicologiche
Academic discipline	BIO/13
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)