Unit MOLECULAR AND CELLULARBASESOF LIFE

BIOCHEMISTRY

Code	GP005095
CFU	2
Teacher	Tommaso Beccari
Teachers	Tommaso Beccari Tommaso Beccari
Hours	15 ore - Tommaso Beccari 15 ore - Tommaso Beccari
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/10
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Cell biochemistry
Reference texts	Biochimica e Biologia per le professioni sanitarie Edizioni Mc Graw Education
Educational objectives	To understand the principle of biochemistry
Prerequisites	Principles of inorganic and organic chemistry - Biology of the cell
Teaching methods	Frontal lessons
Other information	None
Learning verification modality	Written exam
Extended program	Water and biological buffers - amino acids, peptides and proteins - tridimensinal strucure of proteins- protein functions - enzyme and enzyme catalysis - carbohydrates and glycobiology - monosaccharides- disaccharides and polysaccharides - nucleic acid - lipids- storage lipis - structural lipids- biological membranes - membrane transport - biosignaling - bioenergetics and metabolism- glycolisis and gluconeogensis - Krebs cycle - catabolism of fatty acids - aminoacids oxidation and urea cycle - oxidative phosphorilation - biosynthesis of carbohydrates - biosynthesis of aminoacids - hormonal regulation - protein metabolism -

APPLIED BIOLOGY AND GENETICS

Code	GP005097
CFU	2
Teacher	Cinzia Antognelli
Teachers	Cinzia Antognelli
Hours	30 ore - Cinzia Antognelli
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/13
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Characteristics of living organisms. Biological macromolecules. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Viruses (overview). Flow of genetic information within a biological system and its regulation. Cell cycle and its control. Mutations: types and causes. Reproduction of multicellular living organisms: meiosis and gametogenesis. Basic concepts of formal genetics. Basic concepts of medical genetics. Blood types: immunological and genetic approach.
Reference texts	R. Roberti, G. Alunni Bistocchi, C. Antognelli, VN Talesa - Biochimica e Biologia per le professioni sanitarie – McGrawHill P. Bonaldo, S. Suga, R. Pierantoni, P. Riva, M.G, Romanelli- Biologia e Genetica – EdiSES The teaching materials are also available on Unistudium. Disabled students and/or with DSA are guaranteed all the compensatory and/or dispensatory measures provided for by current legislation in accordance with the University guidelines.
Educational objectives	The Applied Biology module represents one of the first preparatory courses of the Course of study in Obstetrics. As such, the main objective of teaching is to provide students with the foundations to tackle the study of both more complex basic disciplines (Histology, Anatomy, Physiology, Microbiology and Pathology) and specialist disciplines. The main knowledge acquired will concern the integrated study of the cell and living organisms, with emphasis on the: • molecular mechanisms involved in the biogenesis processes of organelles and cellular structures • interactions between cells and cells-extracellular environment • duplication, transmission and expression of genetic information • cell proliferation • basic concepts of general and human genetics.
Prerequisites	In order to understand the contents of the course it is necessary to have knowledge of the basic elements of chemistry.
Teaching methods	The course is organized in classroom lessons (face-to-face) on all course topics.
Other information	Site of the teacher: Department of Medicine and Surgery - Edificio B, 4° floor- P.le L. Severi 1 - Sant'Andrea delle Fratte - Perugia. Student reception: the professor is always available to receive students upon request via email (cinzia.antognelli@unipg.it).
Learning verification modality	Integrated written examination (with Biochemistry and Physiscs that belong to the same teaching (Molecular and Cellular Bases of Life). 24 questions of Applied Biology, 24 questions of Biochemistry and 12 of Physics are administered (based on the credits of each module, 2,2, and 1 respectively). The written test therefore consists of 60 single-answer questions to be completed in 60 minutes. One point is awarded for correct answers, 0 points for those that are wrong or not given. The test as a whole allows you to ascertain your ability to know and understand the contents of the discipline. Students with DSA and/or disabilities are guaranteed the compensatory and/or dispensatory measures provided for by current legislation and the relevant UNIPG University Regulations.
Extended program	The characteristics of living organisms. Biological macromolecules: proteins, lipids and glucides (general characteristics). Models of cellular organization: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Viruses: general characteristics. Animal eukaryotic cell. Plasma membrane: structure and functions. The main mechanisms of membrane transport and cellular communication; cytoplasm; ribosomes; rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus; lysosomes; peroxisomes; mitochondria and the energy problem; cytoskeleton (general characteristics), nucleus and nucleolus. DNA and RNA: structure and function. Organization of chromatin, chromosomes. The eukaryotic gene. Gene expression: transcription, maturation of primary transcripts, genetic code, translation. Regulation of gene expression: general characteristics. Cell cycle: interphase, DNA replication, mitosis. Cell cycle control: check-point and CdK-cyclines. Proto-oncogenes, oncogenes and tumor suppressor. Gene mutations (point mutations, missense, nonsense, neutral mutations), genomic mutations (aneuploidy and polyploidy mutations) and chromosomal mutations (deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation). Human normal and pathological karyotype. Heterochromatinization of the X chromosome. Reproduction of multicellular organisms; meiosis and its biological meaning, gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis). Basic concepts of formal genetics: allele, haploid and diploid organisms, genotype, phenotype, homozygous and heterozygous organisms, dominance, recessiveness, Mendel's laws and extensions to Mendelian analysis (incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles). Basic concepts of medical genetics: family trees, dominant and recessive autosomal inheritance, sex-linked inheritance (X-linked and Y-linked). Multifactorial and polygenic inheritance. Mitochondrial inheritance. Blood types.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Health and wellness.

PHYSIC

Code	GP005096
CFU	1
Teacher	Massimiliano Paolucci
Teachers	Massimiliano Paolucci
Hours	15 ore - Massimiliano Paolucci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze propedeutiche
Academic discipline	FIS/07
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Mechanics of rigid bodiesFluids ThermodynamicsElectrical phenomena Waves Applications of basic physical principles in medicine and human body
Reference texts	The topics can be found in the secondary school books, integrated by the transparencies of the course.For clinical applications and for medical-nursing subjects, we recommend the following texts: V. Monaco et al., Elementi di Fisica. McGraw HillP. Davidovits, Applicazioni della fisica alla biologia e alla medicina, Il pensiero scientifico editore. Roma G. Tosi et al., Fisica, biofisica e tecniche fisico - biomediche , Edizioni Sorbona, Milano. J.W. Kane et al., Fisica Biomedica, Editore E.M.S.I., Roma.
Educational objectives	Basic knowledge of physical laws that underlie the applications of physics in medicine and human body.
Prerequisites	Basic mathematics, use of quantities and measurement units
Teaching methods	Frontal lessons
Other information	///
Learning verification modality	Multiple choice written test and oral exam.
Extended program	Sizes - Units of measurementObject and method of experimental physics. Operational definition of size. Fundamental and derived quantities. Scalar and vector quantities: sum, difference, scalar and vector product of non-applied vectors. Units of measurement systems, measurement errors.MechanicsKinematics of the material point: definition of motion, trajectory, speed and acceleration. Uniform rectilinear motion, uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion and their graphical representation.DynamicsForce, Newton laws. Gravity, inertial and gravitational mass. Work and kinetic energy, potential energy. Conservation of mechanical energy.Mechanical power and efficiency. Metabolism.StaticsEquilibrium and stability: equilibrium of human body. Levers: physical principles and clinical applications: the levers in the human body. Traction.FluidsState aggregation of matter. Fluids: definition of fundamental quantities.Pressure: definition and measurement.Clinical applications: measurement of arterial pressureStatics of fluids: Stevin's law, Pascal's principle, Archimedes principle.Fluid dynamics: Bernoulli equation.Clinical applications: blood circulation, cardiovascular system, blood velocity, gravity in circulation.ThermodynamicsVariables and thermodynamic systems. Zero principle and definition of temperature, thermometric scales, thermodynamics principles. Thermal expansion: solid, liquid, gas.Heat propagation: conduction, convection, radiation.Clinical applications: thermography.Thermometers. Thermoregulation in the human body.Clinical applications: feverThe wave motionUnidimensional waves, periodic waves, sinusoidal waves, reflection and refraction, interference and diffraction. Sound waves.Ear: structure, perception of sound waves, sensitivity to tones, perception of sound waves.Doppler effect. Clinical applications: Doppler flow meter.Ultrasound. Clinical applications: Ultrasound, ecodopplerElectricityElectric charge, conductors and insulators, electric field, potential difference, electric current, resistance, capacity.Clinical applications: electrocardiogram.