Unit FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Code	A004612
CFU	4
Teacher	Giulia Quaglia
Teachers	Giulia Quaglia
Hours	28 ore - Giulia Quaglia
Learning activities	Base
Area	Formazione chimica e fisica di base
Academic discipline	CHIM/02
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	This course will cover the chemical-physical properties and characterization of organized systems (micelles, membranes, lamellar systems, monolayers) and colloid materials (gels, foams, microemulsions).
Reference texts	- P.W. Atkins, Elementi di Chimica Fisica, Zanichelli, Bologna. - W.M. Gelbart, A. Ben-Shaul, D. Roux, Micelles, membranes, microemulsions and monolayers. Springer, 1994.
Educational objectives	The course provides the fundamental principles governing the properties and behavior of matter through a macroscopic/ phenomenological approach but also microscopic. The main methods of chemical-physical characterization of colloidal systems will be illustrated. Students will be able to read and interpret phase diagrams of systems of different nature and will understand the chemical properties - physics of interphase systems
Prerequisites	Basic knowledge of mathematics and experimental science, as provided by secondary schools. Topics of particular relevance for the study of Physical Chemistry will be taken up and integrated during the course.
Teaching methods	Lectures that consist in the reasoned exposition of the contents of the program, supported by multimedia teaching material. Any PowerPoint presentations and PDF copies of digital whiteboards used in class will be provided to support teaching.
Other information	The teacher makes available to students in the UNISTUDIUM platform useful materials for study.
Learning verification modality	The CFU corresponding are acquired by the student with the passing of the final exam. The student have a three-hour written test, which simultaneously involves the verification of understanding of the subjects of the Fundamentals of Chemistry and Supplementary Teaching course. The test is to be considered passed only in case you have obtained the necessary qualification (18-thirtieth) in all modules of the course of Fundamentals of Chemistry. The valuation shall be expressed in trenties and the final grade is given by the average of the three modules. Knowledge, understanding of concepts, mastery and language property will be tested. Students with disabilities and/or DSA are invited/ and to visit the page dedicated to the tools and measures planned and to agree in advance as necessary with the teacher(https://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa).
Extended program	Phase equilibria, phase diagrams and characterization of micellar systems (inverse and direct micelles). Physical chemistry of dispersed systems and interphases. Emulsions and microemulsions, thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of gels and foams. Characterization of colloidal formulations of industrial interest and identification of the chemical-physical parameters that determine their performance. Phenomenological models on phase transitions and self-assembly. Overview of spectroscopic techniques for the study of interfhase systems with examples in the field of material chemistry and biotechnology (liposomes and vesicles).
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile

FUNDAMENTALS OF GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Code	A004610
CFU	4
Teacher	Elisa Boccalon
Teachers	Elisa Boccalon
Hours	28 ore - Elisa Boccalon
Learning activities	Base
Area	Formazione chimica e fisica di base
Academic discipline	CHIM/03
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Introduction to general chemistry. Atomic theory and electronic structure of atoms. Molecular geometries. Chemical bonding. Intermolecular forces. Chemical reactions. Aggregation states of matter. Chemical equilibrium. Equilibrium in aqueous solution.
Reference texts	M. Schiavello, L. Palmisano, Fondamenti di Chimica, EdiSES. Slides e appunti dalle lezioni
Educational objectives	The course aims to provide the basic concepts of general chemistry and the ability to apply this knowledge to the solution of numerical and practical problems. In particular, students will be able to - Identify and write formulae for inorganic compounds; - Represent inorganic molecules or molecular ions by emphasising the orientation of the atoms and the bonds between them; - Predict the polarity and physical state of molecules; - Predict the reactivity of inorganic compounds in both oxidation-reduction and non-oxidation reactions; - Write and describe the qualitative and quantitative aspects of a chemical reaction, including homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical equilibrium, using the concepts of moles, concentration, pH, solubility.
Prerequisites	Basic knowledge of mathematics, chemistry and experimental science at secondary school level.
Teaching methods	The course is organised by means of classroom lectures and exercises, with particular reference to examples useful for the examination. The lectures will be given with the help of slides. The teaching material (slides, exercises proposed during the numerical exercises) will be made available to the students on the Unistudium platform after registration.
Learning verification modality	The assessment of the actual acquisition of the expected learning outcomes is done through a written test of three hours' duration, testing the understanding of the topics covered in all three modules of the Fundamentals of Chemistry course. The overall test is passed only if a mark equal or higher than 18 is achieved in all modules of the Fundamentals of Chemistry course. Marks are expressed in thirtieths. Information on support services for students with disabilities and/or DSA can be found at http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa.
Extended program	General principles and elements of stoichiometry. Composition of the atom, atomic number, mass number, isotopes, elements. Atomic mass. Avogadro's constant and mole concept. Chemical formula (minimal and molecular), molecular weight (formula). Stoichiometry of mixtures. Chemical reactions, chemical equation, equilibrium of a chemical reaction, limiting reagent. Fundamentals of atomic and quantum theories. Atomic orbitals, quantum numbers, spin. Orbitals in polyelectronic atoms and filling order. Electronic configurations of the elements, construction principle, Pauli exclusion principle. Periodic properties of elements. Ionisation energy, electron affinity, atomic and ionic radii. Chemical bonding and molecular structure. Polyatomic molecules: Lewis structures and molecular geometry. Hybridisation. Formal charges. Electronegativity. Polarity of bonds. Formula of the most common molecules and molecular ions. Chemical nomenclature. Oxidation number. Nomenclature. Basic oxides, hydroxides, acid oxides, acids, salts. Oxidation-reduction reactions: balancing chemical reactions by the ionic-electronic method. Intermolecular bonds. The gaseous state. Perfect (ideal) gas model, perfect (ideal) gas laws, Avogadro's law, perfect (ideal) gas equation of state. Gaseous mixtures: pressures and partial volumes. The solid and liquid states. Classification of solids: ionic solids, covalent solids, molecular solids, metallic solids. Properties of liquids. Viscosity and surface tension. Vapour pressure. Equilibrium and its characteristics. Liquid-vapour, solid-liquid and solid-vapour equilibria. Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Standard boiling and melting temperatures. State diagrams. Solutions. Definitions, solubility and effect of temperature on solubility. Concentration (% mass, molarity, molar fraction, molarity, normality). Conversion of units. Colligative properties of solutions. Chemical equilibrium. Properties of equilibrium, homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria. Law of mass action and equilibrium constant. Effects of temperature, pressure and concentration on chemical equilibria. Gaseous dissociation: degree of dissociation and Van't Hoff binomial. Ionic equilibria in aqueous solution: factors affecting solubility of salts, poorly soluble salts, solubility product. Selective precipitation. Introduction to electrochemistry.

FUNDAMENTALS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Code	A004611
CFU	4
Teacher	Filippo Campana
Teachers	Filippo Campana Laura Goracci
Hours	28 ore - Filippo Campana 5 ore - Laura Goracci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Formazione chimica e fisica di base
Academic discipline	CHIM/06
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Study of the structure, properties, and reactivity of carbon compounds.
Reference texts	Elementi di Chimica Organica - P.Y. Bruice - Edises Chimica Organica- J. McMurry - Piccin Chimica Organica- W. H. Brown, B. L. Iverson, E. V. Anslyn, C. S. Foote - Edises Guida alla soluzione dei problemi da Chimica Organica di Brown, Iverson, Anslyn, Foote - Edises
Educational objectives	The main objectives of the course are to provide the fundamentals of organic chemistry, in order to equip students with the necessary tools to understand the logic underlying organic chemistry, the rules and properties that determine the behavior of matter, and the interactions that govern biological structures. The course aims to impart the following knowledge: - atomic structure, chemical bonding, and related theories; - carbon hybridization; - molecular structure and its influence on physical properties; - intermolecular interactions; - chemistry of functional groups (IUPAC nomenclature, chemical-physical characteristics, reactivity); - elements of stereochemistry; - introduction to the main techniques for characterizing an organic compound. The skills that students will be able to master by the end of the course are: - identifying a chemical structure from its name and vice versa; - understanding and predicting the reactivity of an organic compound; - designing a multistep synthesis of simple organic compounds.
Prerequisites	Basic knowledge of mathematics, fundamentals of chemistry and experimental sciences, as provided by high schools
Teaching methods	Lectures on all topics. Classroom exercises.
Other information	-
Learning verification modality	The exam includes an oral test, lasting about 40 minutes, aimed at assessing the level of knowledge, understanding, and mastery achieved by the student regarding the main learning objectives. Students with disabilities and/or specific learning disorders (DSA) are invited to visit the page dedicated to compensatory tools and dispensatory measures provided and to arrange in advance with the instructor as needed (https://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa).
Extended program	- Chemical bonds and molecular structure: physical properties and intermolecular interactions; - Alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, and alkynes: structure, nomenclature, preparation, and reactivity; - Stereochemistry; - Haloalkanes: structure, nomenclature, preparation, and reactivity; nucleophilic substitution reactions SN1 and SN2 and elimination reactions; - Aromatic compounds: concept of aromaticity, structure, nomenclature, and reactivity; electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions of aromatic compounds; - Concept of functional group; - Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: structure, nomenclature, and reactivity: elimination, oxidation, and acidity; - Carbonyl compounds: aldehydes and ketones: structure, nomenclature, preparation, and reactivity; nucleophilic addition, hemiacetals and acetals, keto-enol tautomerism, and aldol condensation; - Carboxylic acids: structure, nomenclature, reactivity, acidity; - Carboxylic acid derivatives: acyl halides, anhydrides, esters, and amides; - Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions; - Alpha-substitution and condensation reactions of the carbonyl group: keto-enol tautomerism; - Introduction to heterocyclic chemistry; - Overview of the main analytical techniques for molecular structure determination: spectroscopy and spectrometry; The course includes supplementary teaching (5 hours) on weak interactions in organic chemistry.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	-

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Code	A004755
CFU	2
Teacher	Giulia Quaglia
Teachers	Giulia Quaglia
Hours	24 ore - Giulia Quaglia
Learning activities	Altro
Area	Altre conoscenze utili per l'inserimento nel mondo del lavoro
Academic discipline	NN
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	The student learns the principles that allow to interpret and predict the data derived from experimental observations. In the laboratory, the student verifies experimentally what is illustrated in the classroom and learns how to treat the data collected and the drafting of a report.
Reference texts	- S. Capasso, La Chimica Fisica attraverso gli esercizi, Loghìa, Napoli - G. M. Barrow, Physical Chemistry for the Life Science, Mc Graw Hill Int. Book Company.
Educational objectives	The student will be able to properly discuss graphs and diagrams describing results of experiments on the topics addressed during the course. The experiments are aimed at data collection, numerical processing and critical discussion. In particular, practical activities will enable the development of collaborative and problem-solving skills.
Prerequisites	No prerequisite
Teaching methods	Demonstrations and practical laboratory activities.
Other information	The teacher provides students with useful materials for the laboratory.
Learning verification modality	The CFU corresponding to the training activity are acquired by the student with the passing of a final test, with the aim of verifying the degree of knowledge and mastery of the concepts treated, as well as the correct use of technical-scientific language. The exam, which is an integral part of the Fundamentals of Chemistry exam, involves a written question about the laboratory experiences carried out during the course. Students with disabilities and/or DSA are invited/ and to visit the page dedicated to the tools and measures planned and to agree in advance as necessary with the teacher.
Extended program	Phase diagram. Use of UV-Vis spectroscopic instrumentation for colloidal systems. Determination of the size of water/oil microemulsions by dynamic light scattering measurements. Spectroscopic characterization of formulations. Organize a presentation and a report of the results obtained.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Code	55040006
CFU	2
Teacher	Elisa Boccalon
Teachers	Elisa Boccalon
Hours	24 ore - Elisa Boccalon
Learning activities	Altro
Area	Altre conoscenze utili per l'inserimento nel mondo del lavoro
Academic discipline	NN
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Basic knowledge of laboratory techniques and methods.
Educational objectives	Acquire the manual dexterity to work in a chemical laboratory and become familiar with the instruments, equipment, chemicals and glassware found in the laboratory. Apply theoretical knowledge to practice by carrying out stoichiometric calculations and collecting and processing experimental data by relating it to the principles of chemistry.
Teaching methods	Practical laboratory experience.
Other information	Access to the laboratory requires the wearing of a lab coat, which each student will be required to provide, while safety goggles and latex/nitrile gloves will be available in the laboratory.
Learning verification modality	The assessment of students' actual acquisition of the learning outcomes will be carried out by means of open questions related to the laboratory experiences that will form part of the written examination of Fundamentals of General and Inorganic Chemistry. Students with disabilities and/or SLD are invited to visit the page dedicated to assistive devices and dispensatory measures and to discuss in advance with the teacher what is needed (https://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa).
Extended program	Individual experiments will be carried out on acid-base titrations; determination of the equilibrium constant; qualitative and quantitative analysis of ions; synthesis of an inorganic compound. (Depending on the availability of reagents and instrumentation, the experiments may vary).

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Code	A004762
CFU	2
Teacher	Filippo Campana
Teachers	Filippo Campana
Hours	24 ore - Filippo Campana
Learning activities	Altro
Area	Altre conoscenze utili per l'inserimento nel mondo del lavoro
Academic discipline	NN
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Basic knowledge of laboratory techniques and methodologies. Synthesis, investigation, purification, and characterization.
Reference texts	-
Educational objectives	- Selection, management, and assembly of laboratory glassware; - Chromatographic techniques for investigation (TLC, GC, HPLC); - Knowledge and autonomous choice among the main purification procedures: extraction, precipitation, filtration, distillation, crystallization, chromatography; - Identification of analytical techniques for structure determination; - Ability to draft a laboratory report with the main and necessary information.
Prerequisites	To better follow and learn the contents of the laboratory course, in a convenient and effective manner, attending the lectures is recommended.
Teaching methods	Practical laboratory exercises.
Other information	-
Learning verification modality	The preparation of a laboratory report will be an integral part of the final assessment. Students with disabilities and/or specific learning disorders (DSA) are invited to visit the page dedicated to compensatory tools and dispensatory measures provided and to arrange in advance with the instructor as needed (https://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa).
Extended program	Laboratory experiments involving the synthesis, separation, purification, and characterization of organic compounds will be individually conducted, including tests for the recognition of certain functional groups.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	-