Unit ORGANIC AND BIO-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Course
- Quality control of healthcare products
- Study-unit Code
- A005291
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Luana Bagnoli
- Teachers
-
- Luana Bagnoli
- Hours
- 56 ore - Luana Bagnoli
- CFU
- 8
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2025
- Offered
- 2025/26
- Learning activities
- Base
- Area
- Discipline chimiche
- Academic discipline
- CHIM/06
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
- Structure of organic and bio-organic molecules, IUPAC nomenclature, synthesis and reactivity of functional groups. Basic organic stereochemistry. Major reaction mechanisms.
- Reference texts
- Lecture slides are provided by the teacher on the Unistudium University platform. It is also recommended to adopt one of the following texts: P.Y. BRUICE, Essential Organic Chemistry, Pearson T.W.B. ; JOHN MCMURRY Organic Chemistry: a biological approach, Zanichelli; B. BOTTA, Essential Organic Chemistry, Edi-Ermes.
- Educational objectives
- The aim of this teaching is to provide the knowledge of the basics of organic chemistry. At the end of the course students are expected to have acquired the following skills:-to assign IUPAC names of organic compounds, -to know synthesis and chemistry of the main functional groups with reference also to the stereochemical aspect; -being able to apply the principles acquired to the study of molecules of biochemical and pharmaceutical interest.
- Prerequisites
- In order to understand and known how to apply the contents of the course, the student should be familiar with the notions of General Chemistry.
- Teaching methods
- Lectures for a total of 56 hours where the professor will present all the topics of the course, and to teach a correct approach to the type of study required, during the lessons there will be exercises examples. These have the aim of encouraging active participation by the students, faciliting and improving the understanding of the basic principles and concepts of organic chemistry.
- Other information
- The attendance is strongly recommended.
- Learning verification modality
- Oral exam (approximatively 45 minutes). The student will be asked to provide: (a) the correct nomenclature and configuration of organic molecules, (b) the understanding of the chemistry of the main functional groups, (c) the ability to write mechanisms of the main organic reactions, (d) the ability to effectively communicate, rework and apply the studied principles and concepts, (e) being able to apply the principles acquired to the study of molecules of biochemical and pharmaceutical interest, (f) possess communication skills. For information about support services for students with disabilities and / or DSA visit the page http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa.
- Extended program
- Electronic structure and bonding of organic molecules. Functional group and main class of organic chemistry. IUPAC nomenclature. Acids and bases according Bronsted and Lewis; acid-base equilibria. Concept of electrophile and nucleophile. Alkanes and cycloalkanes. The stereoisomerism: chirality concept, diastereoisomers and enantiomers, racemic mixtures, stereochemical descriptors (R, S), polarimetry. Compounds with more than one stereocenters. Meso compounds. Alkenes, cis, trans isomers , E/Z stereodescriptors. Double-bond electrophilic addition reactions, Markovnikov rule. Carbocations: formation, stability and rearrangement. Addition of hydrogen halides or water. Addition of halogens. Formation of halohydrins and diols. Reductive reaction of alkenes. Alkynes: acidity of hydrogens of terminal alkynes and reactivity. Halogenoalkanes. Aliphatic nucleophilic substitutions. SN2 and SN1 mechanisms: kinetic and stereochemical considerations. E2, E1. Alcohols: hydrogen bond and acidity, synthesis and reactivity. Use of organometallic reagentsn for the preparation of alcohols and carboxylic acids. Ethers and epoxides. Regio-and stereoselectivity in the ring opening of epoxides. Amines: basicity and reactivity. Aromatic compounds. Benzene: structure and stability. Aromaticity. Huckel's rule. The general mechanism for the electrophilic aromatic substitution. Nitration, sulfonation, halogenation, Friedel- Craft alkylation and acylation of benzene. Electrophilic aromatic substitutions on substituted benzenes: the effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation. Activating and de-activating groups. Phenols and anilines. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds: pyridine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, imidazole. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives: acyl halides, acid anhydrides, esters and thioesters, amides and their preparation. General mechanism of the nucleopilic acyl substitution reaction. Relative reactivities of carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives. Interconversion of carboxylic acid derivatives. Acid- or base catalyzed ester hydrolysis. Saponification. Trans-esterification. Reductions of carboxylic acids and of their derivatives. Dicarboxylic Acids. Aldehydes and ketones. Nucleophilic additions to carbonyl compounds: reactions with hydride ion, alcohols (acetal formation), ammonia and ammonia derivatives (immine formation). Addition of carbon nucleophiles: Grignard reagent, hydrogen cyanide. Oxidation or reduction of carbonyl compounds. Carbonyl compounds reactions at the alpha carbon. Acidity of alpha -hydrogens. Keto-enol tautomerism. Enolates. Halogenation of the alpha-carbon of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction. Claisen condensation. Beta dicarbonyl compounds and their acidities. Alfa-beta unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Michael reactions. Carbohydrates. Monosaccharides structure and nomenclature. Fischer projections and Haworth formulas. Mutarotation. Glycosidic bond. Disaccharides and polysaccharides. Amino acids: general formula, classification. Structures and reactivity characteristics. Isoelectric point. Properties of the amide bond. Fatty acids nomenclature and physicochemical properties. Saponification.
- Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile
- Goals: 3, 4.