Unit
- Course
- Quality control of healthcare products
- Study-unit Code
- A005304
- Location
- FOLIGNO
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Desiree Bartolini
- CFU
- 6
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2025
- Offered
- 2025/26
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa integrata
HUMAN ANATOMY
| Code | GP003750 |
|---|---|
| Location | FOLIGNO |
| CFU | 3 |
| Teacher | Desiree Bartolini |
| Teachers |
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| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Discipline biologiche e morfologiche |
| Academic discipline | BIO/16 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | Understanding two fundamental aspects of all anatomical systems: They meet specific functional requirements; They are composed of various organs that are functionally interconnected. On this basis, knowledge will be required of the main concepts and content concerning: • The microscopic structure of various tissues • The macroscopic structure of the main organs and systems • Functional and medical considerations applied to the understanding of structure |
| Reference texts | TEXTBOOKS: - Anatomia del Gray - I fondamenti di Gray - Drake - Volg - Mitchell, EDRA. - Anatomia Umana, Martini, Tallitsch, Nath, EdiSES Università; ATLANTE: Prometheus, Atlante di Anatomia, Edises Università. |
| Educational objectives | The teaching of Human Anatomy is aimed at guiding the student to understand the vital processes that occur at the cellular level when various groups of cells organize to form specific tissues and organs in the human species. At the end of the integrated course lectures, the student will have acquired fundamental knowledge about the functioning of the organs and systems of the human body, their complex interrelationships, and the control systems that regulate their activity. |
| Prerequisites | To effectively follow and understand the topics covered in the Human Anatomy course, it is essential for the student to have passed the General Biology exam. |
| Teaching methods | Lectures with projected presentations, featuring images and animations (including the use of videos). Laboratory sessions with in-person experiences. Attendance at lectures is strongly recommended in order to facilitate learning and ensure the student’s effective and successful training. |
| Other information | None |
| Learning verification modality | The Human Anatomy exam consists of a written test with multiple-choice questions, including the identification of specific figures. The written exams with multiple-choice questions are graded based on the proportion of total questions and the percentage of correct and incorrect answers. Each correct answer is awarded a score of +1. The test is the same for all students. The questions are short, as are the answer options, and there are no distracting elements. Each question includes one correct answer and four incorrect ones. For information about support services for students with disabilities and/or specific learning disorders (SLD), please visit the page: http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa. |
| Extended program | Lectures INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMICAL SYSTEMS AND TERMINOLOGY (1 hour): Microscopic and macroscopic anatomy. Levels of organization. Anatomical terminology; terminology related to body orientation. Axial and appendicular portions. Cells, tissues, organs, and systems. Organization and structure of hollow and solid organs. Body membranes and cavities. Division of the body into regions and their surface boundaries. TISSUES (2 hours): Epithelial tissue (Functions and specialization of epithelial cells, epithelial specializations in terms of cell polarity, junction systems, and surface specializations. Maintenance and renewal of epithelial tissue; classification of epithelia: squamous, cuboidal, columnar, pseudostratified, and transitional; Glandular epithelia: types of secretion, gland structure, and secretion methods). Connective tissues (Classification; connective tissue proper: cells and extracellular matrix. Functions of connective tissue proper; dense connective tissues; fluid connective tissues: blood and lymph. Supporting connective tissues: cartilage and bone. Cartilage tissue: location in the adult human body. Histological organization of different types of cartilage. Bone tissue: macroscopic organization of lamellar bones. Organization of compact and spongy bone and their distribution. The periosteum and endosteum. Bone matrix. Bone cells). Muscle tissue (Skeletal muscle tissue: structural organization, ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fiber. Sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules. Smooth muscle tissue: histological organization and distribution. Cardiac muscle tissue: histological organization and location). Nervous tissue (Ultrastructure of the neuron, myelin sheath, structure of nerves, and neuroglial cells). INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (2 hours): Skin and skin appendages (hair, skin glands, nails). RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (2 hours): Organization of the respiratory system. Overview of the upper airways: nasal cavities, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi (location, structure, function, and vascularization). Lungs (location, structure, function, and vascularization). The functional unit of the lung: the alveolus and the alveolar membrane. Overview of respiratory mechanics and respiratory control. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (2 hours): Organization of the cardiovascular system. Mediastinum. Morphology, structure, and topography of the heart. Myocardium, endocardium, and pericardium. Heart valves. Cardiac chambers. Innervation of the heart. Coronary arteries and cardiac veins. Systemic and pulmonary circulation. Structure of arteries, capillaries, and veins. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (3 hours): Organization of the digestive system. Anatomical overview of the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus. Morphology, structure, and topography of the following organs: stomach, small intestine, large intestine. Accessory glands: anatomy and function of the liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, and pancreas. EXCRETORY SYSTEM AND BODY FLUID REGULATION (2 hours): Kidney (location, structure, and vascularization). Renal processes: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion, renal clearance, and urine formation. Kidney and water-salt balance: vasopressin and aldosterone. Overview of the urinary tract. NERVOUS SYSTEM (3 hours): Introduction to the nervous system. Organization of gray and white matter. Meninges. Ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Blood-brain barrier. Spinal cord and spinal nerves (overview). Brainstem and major nuclei. Cranial nerves (overview). Cerebellum. Diencephalon. Telencephalon. Limbic system and hippocampus. Basal ganglia. Sensory systems: receptors and general somatic sensory pathways. Specific sensory modalities (overview): olfactory receptors and olfactory pathway, taste receptors and gustatory pathway, eye and visual pathways, ear and auditory and vestibular pathways. Visceral nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. HUMAN ANATOMY AND CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORIES (1 ECTS: 15 HOURS) Three 5-hour laboratory sessions are planned: Preparation of tissue slides and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Use of the microscope and identification of different tissues on slides. Colorimetric enzymatic assay with spectrophotometric detection of concentrations of biologically relevant lipid markers such as total cholesterol and triglycerides. Colorimetric enzymatic assay with spectrophotometric detection of glucose concentrations in samples following passive diffusion using dialysis membranes. |
| Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile | 3, 4, 5, 16, 17 |
| Code | 55484806 |
|---|---|
| Location | FOLIGNO |
| CFU | 3 |
| Teacher | Gina Cavaliere |
| Teachers |
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| Hours |
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| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Discipline biologiche e morfologiche |
| Academic discipline | BIO/09 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | The course covers the principles of homeostasis and membrane transport mechanisms, the processes involved in chemical signal transduction, and the generation and propagation of membrane and action potentials, including synaptic transmission. It also addresses metabolic and chemical communication between cells, as well as the physiological properties and functions of muscle tissue. |
| Reference texts | V. Taglietti - C. Casella - Fisiologia e Biofisica delle cellule. EdiSES. |
| Educational objectives | The Cellular Physiology course is designed to provide students with an understanding of the vital processes occurring at the cellular level. Upon completion of the integrated course, students will have acquired foundational knowledge of the principal mechanisms governing cellular function. |
| Prerequisites | To effectively follow and comprehend the topics covered in the Cellular Physiology course, it is essential for the student to have successfully completed the exams in General Biology and Fundamentals of Physics. |
| Teaching methods | The course (3 CFU) consists of 21 hours of face-to face lessons covering the topics outlined in the program. Lectures supported by multimedia presentations, including images and animations. |
| Other information | Attendance is recommended. |
| Learning verification modality | The Cellular Physiology exam consists of a written test with multiple-choice questions. The test is evaluated based on the proportion of correct and incorrect answers relative to the total number of questions. Each correct answer is awarded a score of +1. The test is the same for all students and is composed of concise questions with equally brief answer choices, designed without distracting elements. Each question includes one correct option and four incorrect ones. "For information on support services for students with disabilities and/or DSA, please visit the page http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa." |
| Extended program | Introduction to physiology, concept of homeostasis, and membrane transport mechanisms: homeostasis and feedback mechanisms. Ionic composition of intracellular and extracellular fluids. Plasma membrane. Selective permeability of the cell membrane. Transport phenomena across the membrane. Water and solute transport through the cell membrane. Passive transport: simple diffusion and Fick’s law; osmosis and facilitated diffusion. Ion channels. Primary active transport. Secondary active transport. Chemical signal trasduction: cell surface receptors. Second messenger pathways. Activation of signaling proteins. The calcium signaling pathway. Resting membrane potential and action potential: electrochemical equilibrium potential. Membrane potential. Excitable membranes and voltage-gated channels in neurons, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Generation of the action potential. Ionic conductances and fluxes during the phases of the action potential. Propagation of the action potential. Synaptic trasmission: electrical synapses. Chemical synapses: synthesis, release, and inactivation of neurotransmitters. Classification of neurotransmitters. Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. Spatial and temporal summation of postsynaptic potentials. Presynaptic inhibition and facilitation. Neuromuscular transmission. Metabolic and chemical communication between cells: local signaling factors. Protein-based hormones. Steroid hormones and signal transduction pathways. Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle: skeletal muscle: activation of the contractile mechanism; correlation between electrical and mechanical events; innervation; single twitch and tetanic contraction; isometric and isotonic contraction, and the length–tension relationship. Cardiac muscle: activation of the contractile mechanism. Smooth muscle: classification; activation of the contractile mechanism; neural and humoral regulation of contraction. |
| Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile | Health and Well-being; Quality Education |