| Code |
GP003953 |
| CFU |
2 |
| Teacher |
Mirco Dindo |
| Teachers |
|
| Hours |
|
| Learning activities |
Base |
| Area |
Scienze biomediche |
| Academic discipline |
BIO/10 |
| Type of study-unit |
Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction |
Italian |
| Contents |
Chemical bonds. Solutions. Functional groups of organic molecules. Molecules of biological interest. Metabolic pathways. Krebs cycle. Respiratory chain. Oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and aminoacids. |
| Reference texts |
Biochimica e Biologia per le professioni sanitarie - Roberti, Alunni-Bistocchi, Antognelli, Talesa - McGraw-Hill Le basi della biochimica-Champe-Ferrier-Zanichelli Chimica e biochimica-Samaja-Paroni-Piccin Chimica e Biochimica- Bertoldi- Colombo-Magni-Marin-Palestini-EdiSES Nelson-Cox Introduzione alla Biochimica di Lehninger-Zanichelli |
| Educational objectives |
The main aim of this course is to provide students with the knowledge of basic properties of biological systems and of the mechanisms controlling cellular homeostasis. Main knowledge acquired will be: - properties of water and is importance as cell solvent; - chemical components of cell; - properties of solutions, physiological solutions, buffers; -thermodynamics and kinetics - functional groups of organic molecules and their reactivity; - energy transfer in biochemical transformations; - structure and function of molecules involved in cell metabolism; -main metabolic transformations; - hormonal regulation of metabolism in feeding and fasting. The main competence will be: - to evaluate the nature and properties of reagents and solutions usually employed in professional practice; - to understand the general metabolic behavior in physiopathological conditions |
| Prerequisites |
For an effective understanding of the topics of Biochemistry, the basic knowledge at high school level of Chemistry and Biology is required. In particular, general knowledge of cell structure, atomic structure, simple inorganic and organic molecules structure, are mandatory. |
| Teaching methods |
The course is organized in lectures on all the subjects. Students are stimulated to interact with the teacher during the lectures. |
| Other information |
Consulting: Studio, edificio D 2° piano, via Gambuli, S. Andrea delle Fratte |
| Learning verification modality |
he exam consists of a written test possibly followed by an oral examination relative to the three modules of the integrated course. The written test, comprising basic questions covering all the topics, aims to assess the minimum basic preparation to face the oral examination. The oral exam aims to assess the level of knowledge of the subjects of the integrated course, and the ability to make connections and to integrate knowledge, also in relation to the nursing professional activity. The oral exam will also test the student communication skills. |
| Extended program |
PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY. Hints on tomic structure and periodic table of the elements. The chemical bond: omopolar and eteropolar covalent bond, donor-acceptor bond, electrostatic bonds, hydrogen bond. Hints on the states of the matter. Properties of liquids, vapour pressure. Solutions: concentration units. Osmotic pressure and osmolarity. Physiologic solution. Stechiometry and equilibrium. Strong and weak electrolytes. Acids and bases. The ionic product of water, pH. pH of acid, base, and salt solutions; buffer solutions. Thermodynamics. Chemical kinetics, catalysis. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Oxidation state of carbon in the organic compounds. Hybridization of carbon and functional groups of organic molecules. Hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehyds and ketons, amines, carboxylic acids, esters, amides. ELEMENTS OF GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY. Carbohydrates. Structure and properties of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The glycosidic bond. Carbohydrates of physiologic significance: glucose, fructose, ribose, saccharose, lactose, starch, cellulose, glycogen. Lipids. Structure and properties of fatty acids, acylglycerols, phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol. Aminoacids. Peptidic bond. Proteins: structural organization, classification, functions. Denaturation of proteins. Fibrous proteins: keratin and collagen. Structure and functions of hemoglobin and myoglobin, oxygen transport, allosteric modulators. Physiologic and pathologic hemoglobins. Reaction rate. Enzymes as biological catalysts. Effect of substrate concentration, pH, and temperature. Hints on enzyme activity regulation. Clinical importance of enzymes in serum. Hints on vitamins and coenzymes (NAD, FAD). ELEMENTS OF DYNAMIC BIOCHEMISTRY. Overview of metabolic pathways: anabolism, catabolism, linear and cyclic pathways. ATP: structure and role in the metabolism. The metabolism of carbohydrates. Digestion and absorption of sugars. Glycolysis, metabolism of glycogen, and gluconeogenesis. The hormonal control of blood glucose (insulin and glucagon). The Krebs cycle. The respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. The metabolism of fats. Digestion, absorption, and storage of dietary lipids. Lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Biosynthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerols. Hormonal control of lipolysis and lipogenesis (insulin and glucagon). Lipid transport and plasma lipoproteins. The ketone bodies. The metabolism of proteins and aminoacids. Protein digestion and aminoacid absorption. Transamination and deamination reactions. Ureogenesis. The metabolic fate of aminoacid carbon skeleton. |
