Unit LABORATORY OF BASIC BIOTECHNOLOGY

BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Code	55056103
CFU	3
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Discipline biotecnologiche comuni
Academic discipline	BIO/10
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

Canale A

CFU

3

Teacher

Lorena Urbanelli

Teachers

• Lorena Urbanelli

Hours

• 36 ore - Lorena Urbanelli

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

Practical activities regarding the preparation of buffer and solutions extraction of macromolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) from biological matrices

Reference texts

Protocols provided by the teacher

Educational objectives

The laboratory activities on methods for extracting the main classes of biological molecules will enable students to acquire the fundamental approaches and practices commonly used in a biochemistry laboratory.

Prerequisites

To better understand the laboratory activities related to the topics covered in the program, the student must have a basic knowledge of biology

Teaching methods

The course is organized into practical activities focused on the preparation of buffer solutions, pH determination, and precipitation and extraction of biological molecules using organic solvents

Other information

For teaching activities (dates and times of lectures, classroom), please refer to website dcbb.unipg.it and the course page on Unistudium

Learning verification modality

The exam consists in a multiple-choice test. The credits of the course are: 2¿CFU – 24 hours. For information on support services for students with disabilities and / or DSA visit the page.

Extended program

The course program includes practical exercises/laboratory activities on the: (i) preparation of buffer solutions, with the acquisition of skills related to stoichiometric calculations, dilutions, and percentages; (ii) use of biologically buffer systems and pH measurement; (iii) extraction of nucleic acids and proteins through phase separation; (iv) lipid extraction

Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile

The course provides basic laboratory skills aimed at improving competency in the fields of health and the environment

Canale B

CFU

3

Teacher

Sabata Martino

Teachers

• Sabata Martino

Hours

• 36 ore - Sabata Martino

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

Practical activities regarding thepreparation of buffer and solutions extraction of macromolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) from biological matrices

Reference texts

Protocols provided by the teacher

Educational objectives

The laboratory activities on methods for extracting the main classes of biological molecules will enable students to acquire the fundamental approaches and practices commonly used in a biochemistry laboratory.

Prerequisites

To better understand the laboratory activities related to the topics covered in the program, the student must have a basic knowledge of biology.

Teaching methods

The course is organized into practical activities focused on the preparation of buffer solutions, pH determination, and precipitation and extraction of biological molecules using organic solvents

Other information

For teaching activities (dates and times of lectures, classroom), please refer to website dcbb.unipg.it and the course page on Unistudium

Learning verification modality

The exam consists in a multiple-choice test. The credits of the course are: 2¿CFU – 24 hours. For information on support services for students with disabilities and / or DSA visit the page.

Extended program

The course program includes practical exercises/laboratory activities on the: (i) preparation of buffer solutions, with the acquisition of skills related to stoichiometric calculations, dilutions, and percentages; (ii) use of biologically buffer systems and pH measurement; (iii) extraction of nucleic acids and proteins through phase separation; (iv) lipid extraction.

Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile

The course provides basic laboratory skills aimed at improving competency in the fields of health and the environment.

Canale C

CFU

3

Teacher

Sandra Buratta

Teachers

• Sandra Buratta

Hours

• 36 ore - Sandra Buratta

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

Practical activities: -preparation of buffer and solutions extraction of macromolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) from biological matrices

Reference texts

Protocols provided by the teacher

Educational objectives

The laboratory activities on methods for extracting the main classes of biological molecules will enable students to acquire the fundamental approaches and practices commonly used in a biochemistry laboratory

Prerequisites

To better understand the laboratory activities related to the topics covered in the program, the student must have a basic knowledge of biology

Teaching methods

The course is organized into pratical activities focused on the preparation of buffer solutions, pH determination, and precipitation and extraction of biological molecules using organic solvents

Other information

For teaching activities (dates and times of lectures, classroom), please refer to website dcbb.unipg.it and the course page on Unistudium

Learning verification modality

The exam consists in a multiple-choice test. The credits of the course are: 2¿CFU – 24 hoursFor information on support services for students with disabilities and / or DSA visit the page

Extended program

The course program includes practical exercises/laboratory activities on the: (i) preparation of buffer solutions, with the acquisition of skills related to stoichiometric calculations, dilutions, and percentages; (ii) use of biologically buffer systems and pH measurement; (iii) extraction of nucleic acids and proteins through phase separation; (iv) lipid extraction

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Code	M0017
CFU	3
Learning activities	Affine/integrativa
Area	Attività formative affini o integrative
Academic discipline	CHIM/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

Canale A

CFU

3

Teacher

Catia Clementi

Teachers

• Catia Clementi

Hours

• 36 ore - Catia Clementi

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

Principles that underlie analytical chemistry. Preparation of solutions of known concentration. Preparation of solutions of known pH.Determination of the unknown concentration of analytes by constructing a calibration curve

Reference texts

• Teaching materials.
• Lecture notes concerning laboratory experiences
D.C. Harris, “Chimica Analitica Quantitativa”, Zanichelli, Bologna,
F. W. Fifield, D. Kealey, “Chimica Analitica teoria e pratica”, Zanichelli,
Bologna
Skoog,. West, Holler, Crouch, “Fondamenti di Chimica Analitica”, EdiSES,
Napoli

Educational objectives

The main aim of the course is the understanding of the principles that
underlie analytical chemistry and the learning of techniques and
methodologies for the preparation and analysis of samples that may be
useful in the activity of a biochemical-clinical laboratory. Learn how to
manage basic equipment of an analytical chemistry laboratory, such as
glassware, burettes, automatic pipettes, beakers, flasks, scales, pH meter
and spectrophotometer.
In particular, the student must acquire the following skills:
• Preparation of solutions of known concentration and their dilution
• Preparation of solutions of known pH
• Determination of the unknown concentration of analytes by
constructing a calibration curve
• Use of UV-Visible spectroscopy in absorption and emission for the
determination of analytes in unknown samples

Prerequisites

For a full and easy understanding of the topics of this course it is
important to have good basic knowledge of General Chemistry and
Physical Chemistry

Teaching methods

The course includes some theoretical lessons (about 10/15 hours of
lectures), introductory to the laboratory experiences.
There will be also 2-3 laboratory experiences to be held in groups.

Other information

The Professor receives by appointment at her office located in via Pascoli
(ex Casa Rinaldi). To fix an appointment, contact the Professor via email

Learning verification modality

The final exam consists of a written test to be carried out on the
LIBREEOL platform in person and together with the written test of the
MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGIES LABORATORY module. The test of the
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY module consists of a multiple
choice test containing both theory questions and numerical exercises on
the topics covered during the lectures and on the analytical techniques
used during the laboratory experiences. The test aims to determine and
verify the knowledge level, understanding capability and technical skills
achieved by the student on the topics covered during the frontal lectures
and the analytical techniques used during the laboratory experiences. It
will be tested also the ability of the student in dealing with practical
issues similar to those that can be encountered in a chemical research
and/or analysis laboratory. The test grade will be averaged with the
grade of the MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY module. The
exam is considered passed if the individual module tests have achieved a
grade greater than or equal to 18.
Students with disabilities and/or DSA are invited to visit the page
dedicated to the tools and measures envisaged and to agree in advance
with the teacher what is necessary (https://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e -
dsa).

Extended program

• Definition of the basic concepts and purposes of analytical chemistry.
Basic tools of the analytical laboratory. Classification of analytical
methods: qualitative and quantitative analysis, classical and instrumental
methods of analysis, absolute and comparative methods.
• Stages of an analytical process. Sampling and sample preparation
techniques. Definition of evaluation parameters of analytical methods.
Response linearity and dinamic range, detection limit and limit of
quantification, sensitivity, selectivity, signal to noise ratio, precision,
accuracy.
• Measurement uncertainty and its propagation (absolute, relative and
relative percentage uncertainty, standard deviation).
• Methods for determining unknown concentrations of analytes;
construction of a calibration line. Calibration methods with external
standards. Least squares method to derive the equation of the calibration
line.
• Applications of spectroscopic techniques, in particular of UV-Visible
absorption and emission spectroscopy, to quantitative analysis.

Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile

3 and 4

Canale B

CFU

3

Teacher

Catia Clementi

Teachers

• Catia Clementi

Hours

• 36 ore - Catia Clementi

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

Principles that underlie analytical chemistry. Preparation of solutions of known concentration. Preparation of solutions of known pH.Determination of the unknown concentration of analytes by constructing a calibration curve

Reference texts

• Teaching materials.
• Lecture notes concerning laboratory experiences
D.C. Harris, “Chimica Analitica Quantitativa”, Zanichelli, Bologna,
F. W. Fifield, D. Kealey, “Chimica Analitica teoria e pratica”, Zanichelli,
Bologna
Skoog,. West, Holler, Crouch, “Fondamenti di Chimica Analitica”, EdiSES,
Napoli

Educational objectives

The main aim of the course is the understanding of the principles that
underlie analytical chemistry and the learning of techniques and
methodologies for the preparation and analysis of samples that may be
useful in the activity of a biochemical-clinical laboratory. Learn how to
manage basic equipment of an analytical chemistry laboratory, such as
glassware, burettes, automatic pipettes, beakers, flasks, scales, pH meter
and spectrophotometer.
In particular, the student must acquire the following skills:
• Preparation of solutions of known concentration and their dilution
• Preparation of solutions of known pH
• Determination of the unknown concentration of analytes by
constructing a calibration curve
• Use of UV-Visible spectroscopy in absorption and emission for the
determination of analytes in unknown samples

Prerequisites

For a full and easy understanding of the topics of this course it is
important to have good basic knowledge of General Chemistry and
Physical Chemistry

Teaching methods

The course includes some theoretical lessons (about 10/15 hours of
lectures), introductory to the laboratory experiences.
There will be also 2-3 laboratory experiences to be held in groups.

Other information

The Professor receives by appointment at her office located in via Pascoli
(ex Casa Rinaldi). To fix an appointment, contact the Professor via email

Learning verification modality

The final exam consists of a written test to be carried out on the
LIBREEOL platform in person and together with the written test of the
MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGIES LABORATORY module. The test of the
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY module consists of a multiple
choice test containing both theory questions and numerical exercises on
the topics covered during the lectures and on the analytical techniques
used during the laboratory experiences. The test aims to determine and
verify the knowledge level, understanding capability and technical skills
achieved by the student on the topics covered during the frontal lectures
and the analytical techniques used during the laboratory experiences. It
will be tested also the ability of the student in dealing with practical
issues similar to those that can be encountered in a chemical research
and/or analysis laboratory. The test grade will be averaged with the
grade of the MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY module. The
exam is considered passed if the individual module tests have achieved a
grade greater than or equal to 18.
Students with disabilities and/or DSA are invited to visit the page
dedicated to the tools and measures envisaged and to agree in advance
with the teacher what is necessary (https://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e -
dsa).

Extended program

• Definition of the basic concepts and purposes of analytical chemistry.
Basic tools of the analytical laboratory. Classification of analytical
methods: qualitative and quantitative analysis, classical and instrumental
methods of analysis, absolute and comparative methods.
• Stages of an analytical process. Sampling and sample preparation
techniques. Definition of evaluation parameters of analytical methods.
Response linearity and dinamic range, detection limit and limit of
quantification, sensitivity, selectivity, signal to noise ratio, precision,
accuracy.
• Measurement uncertainty and its propagation (absolute, relative and
relative percentage uncertainty, standard deviation).
• Methods for determining unknown concentrations of analytes;
construction of a calibration line. Calibration methods with external
standards. Least squares method to derive the equation of the calibration
line.
• Applications of spectroscopic techniques, in particular of UV-Visible
absorption and emission spectroscopy, to quantitative analysis.

Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile

3 and 4

Canale C

CFU

3

Teacher

Catia Clementi

Teachers

• Catia Clementi

Hours

• 36 ore - Catia Clementi

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

Principles that underlie analytical chemistry. Preparation of solutions of known concentration. Preparation of solutions of known pH.Determination of the unknown concentration of analytes by constructing a calibration curve

Reference texts

• Teaching materials.
• Lecture notes concerning laboratory experiences
D.C. Harris, “Chimica Analitica Quantitativa”, Zanichelli, Bologna,
F. W. Fifield, D. Kealey, “Chimica Analitica teoria e pratica”, Zanichelli,
Bologna
Skoog,. West, Holler, Crouch, “Fondamenti di Chimica Analitica”, EdiSES,
Napoli

Educational objectives

The main aim of the course is the understanding of the principles that
underlie analytical chemistry and the learning of techniques and
methodologies for the preparation and analysis of samples that may be
useful in the activity of a biochemical-clinical laboratory. Learn how to
manage basic equipment of an analytical chemistry laboratory, such as
glassware, burettes, automatic pipettes, beakers, flasks, scales, pH meter
and spectrophotometer.
In particular, the student must acquire the following skills:
• Preparation of solutions of known concentration and their dilution
• Preparation of solutions of known pH
• Determination of the unknown concentration of analytes by
constructing a calibration curve
• Use of UV-Visible spectroscopy in absorption and emission for the
determination of analytes in unknown samples

Prerequisites

For a full and easy understanding of the topics of this course it is
important to have good basic knowledge of General Chemistry and
Physical Chemistry

Teaching methods

The course includes some theoretical lessons (about 10/15 hours of
lectures), introductory to the laboratory experiences.
There will be also 2-3 laboratory experiences to be held in groups.

Other information

The Professor receives by appointment at her office located in via Pascoli
(ex Casa Rinaldi). To fix an appointment, contact the Professor via email

Learning verification modality

The final exam consists of a written test to be carried out on the
LIBREEOL platform in person and together with the written test of the
MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGIES LABORATORY module. The test of the
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY module consists of a multiple
choice test containing both theory questions and numerical exercises on
the topics covered during the lectures and on the analytical techniques
used during the laboratory experiences. The test aims to determine and
verify the knowledge level, understanding capability and technical skills
achieved by the student on the topics covered during the frontal lectures
and the analytical techniques used during the laboratory experiences. It
will be tested also the ability of the student in dealing with practical
issues similar to those that can be encountered in a chemical research
and/or analysis laboratory. The test grade will be averaged with the
grade of the MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY module. The
exam is considered passed if the individual module tests have achieved a
grade greater than or equal to 18.
Students with disabilities and/or DSA are invited to visit the page
dedicated to the tools and measures envisaged and to agree in advance
with the teacher what is necessary (https://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e -
dsa).

Extended program

• Definition of the basic concepts and purposes of analytical chemistry.
Basic tools of the analytical laboratory. Classification of analytical
methods: qualitative and quantitative analysis, classical and instrumental
methods of analysis, absolute and comparative methods.
• Stages of an analytical process. Sampling and sample preparation
techniques. Definition of evaluation parameters of analytical methods.
Response linearity and dinamic range, detection limit and limit of
quantification, sensitivity, selectivity, signal to noise ratio, precision,
accuracy.
• Measurement uncertainty and its propagation (absolute, relative and
relative percentage uncertainty, standard deviation).
• Methods for determining unknown concentrations of analytes;
construction of a calibration line. Calibration methods with external
standards. Least squares method to derive the equation of the calibration
line.
• Applications of spectroscopic techniques, in particular of UV-Visible
absorption and emission spectroscopy, to quantitative analysis.

Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile

3 and 4

CELL CULTURE AND HISTOLOGY LABORATORY

Code	A005496
CFU	3
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Discipline biotecnologiche con finalità specifiche: biologiche e industriali
Academic discipline	BIO/06
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

Canale A

CFU

3

Teacher

Anna Fagotti

Teachers

• Anna Fagotti

Hours

• 36 ore - Anna Fagotti

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

Main methodologies for the study of cells and tissues. The theoretical and practical notions on cell cultures. The microscope. Techniques for preparing histological preparations for the optical microscopic analysis of cells and tissues. Notes on histomorphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. Theoretical and practical contents relating to the observation and recognition of the main animal tissues under the optical microscope

Educational objectives

The student must acquire basic knowledge related to cell cultures and notions and methodologies related to the main cytological and histological techniques aimed at studying under the optical microscope. The student must be able to independently recognize histological preparations of the main tissues

Prerequisites

Basic knowledge of cytology and histology

Teaching methods

Educational laboratories: classroom and laboratory exercises

Learning verification modality

The test is carried out in the form of a written exam and consists of 30 multiple choice questions that also include the recognition of at least two histological preparations. The test is considered passed if 18/30 of the questions are answered correctly. Time: 30 minutes

Canale B

CFU

3

Teacher

Anna Fagotti

Teachers

• Anna Fagotti

Hours

• 36 ore - Anna Fagotti

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

Main methodologies for the study of cells and tissues. The theoretical and practical notions on cell cultures. The microscope. Techniques for preparing histological preparations for the optical microscopic analysis of cells and tissues. Notes on histomorphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. Theoretical and practical contents relating to the observation and recognition of the main animal tissues under the optical microscope

Educational objectives

The student must acquire basic knowledge related to cell cultures and notions and methodologies related to the main cytological and histological techniques aimed at studying under the optical microscope. The student must be able to independently recognize histological preparations of the main tissues

Prerequisites

Basic knowledge of cytology and histology

Teaching methods

Educational laboratories: classroom and laboratory exercises

Learning verification modality

The test is carried out in the form of a written exam and consists of 30 multiple choice questions that also include the recognition of at least two histological preparations. The test is considered passed if 18/30 of the questions are answered correctly. Time: 30 minutes

Canale C

CFU

3

Teacher

Anna Fagotti

Teachers

• Anna Fagotti

Hours

• 36 ore - Anna Fagotti

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

Main methodologies for the study of cells and tissues. The theoretical and practical notions on cell cultures. The microscope. Techniques for preparing histological preparations for the optical microscopic analysis of cells and tissues. Notes on histomorphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. Theoretical and practical contents relating to the observation and recognition of the main animal tissues under the optical microscope

Educational objectives

The student must acquire basic knowledge related to cell cultures and notions and methodologies related to the main cytological and histological techniques aimed at studying under the optical microscope. The student must be able to independently recognize histological preparations of the main tissues

Prerequisites

Basic knowledge of cytology and histology

Teaching methods

Educational laboratories: classroom and laboratory exercises

Learning verification modality

The test is carried out in the form of a written exam and consists of 30 multiple choice questions that also include the recognition of at least two histological preparations. The test is considered passed if 18/30 of the questions are answered correctly. Time: 30 minutes

ANIMAL MODEL LABORATORY

Code	A005497
CFU	3
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Discipline biotecnologiche con finalità specifiche: biologiche e industriali
Academic discipline	BIO/05
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

Canale A

CFU

3

Teacher

Manuela Rebora

Teachers

• Manuela Rebora

Hours

• 36 ore - Manuela Rebora

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

The organizational plans and the variety of animal models (coelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate, radiate and bilaterian etc.). Functionality and complexity of body plans. Interaction between animals and the environment. Basic concepts of biological evolution and biodiversity. Reproductive strategies. Particular attention to the species used as animal models, to organisms of interest in the biotechnological field, to biomimicry and to the production of biologically active substances. Use of the microscope. Preparation and staining of preparations with histological, histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques. Observation and recognition of preparations (slides) under the optical microscope.

Reference texts

Hickman C.P., Roberts L.S., Keen S.L., Larson, Larson A, Eisenhour D.J. Fondamenti di Zoologia. Ed. McGraw, Hill Hickman C.P., Roberts L.S., Keen S.L., Larson, Larson A, Eisenhour D.J. Diversità Animale. Ed. McGraw, Hill Slides provided by the teacher.

Educational objectives

The course represents the only zoology course of the program and therefore aims to provide basic principles of the functioning, evolution, and biodiversity of animals, essential for understanding application approaches typical of biotechnology. The student will acquire the basic notions of animal biology and animal models. The main knowledge will be: - Main animal vital functions - Body plan of the main animal Phyla The main skills (the ability to apply the knowledge) will be: - To understand the evolution of the main animal vital functions - To be able to assign an animal model to the right Phylum on the basis of its body plan -

Prerequisites

In order to understand the topics of the course, follow the exercises in the classroom and in the laboratory and acquire the required skills, it is necessary to have studied and preferably passed the exam of General Biology with elements of Cytology and Histology

Teaching methods

The course consists of: Theoretical/ Practical activities and classroom simulations with the main animal models Practical activities involving the preparation, manipulation, and observation under the optical microscope of whole samples and slides of the main animal models

Other information

lessons are mandatory

Learning verification modality

Learning will be assessed during the theoretical and practical activities through dialogue with the students to evaluate their understanding of the proposed activities and concepts. The correct execution of the practical activities will also be assessed.

Extended program

Biological Evolution: Fundamental principles, neo-Darwinism, natural selection, genetic variability, adaptation to the environment, and coevolution. Biodiversity: Concept of biodiversity, animal biodiversity, and its importance, protection of biodiversity and its significance. Organizational Models: Phylum and bauplan, levels of organization, diblastic and triploblastic organization, radial and bilateral symmetry, cephalization, the coelom, functions of the body cavity, acelomate, pseudocoelomate, and eucoelomate differences, protostomes and deuterostomes, metamerism. Vital Functions: Integumentary system in invertebrates and vertebrates, colors, skeletal systems, hydrostatic skeleton, rigid skeleton, animal movement (amoeboid, ciliary, flagellar, pedal locomotion, ambulacral pedicels, arts), nutrition, types of nutrition, intracellular and extracellular digestion, evolution of the digestive system, circulation (closed and open systems), evolution of the circulatory system in invertebrates and vertebrates, respiration, tracheal system of insects, osmoregulation, excretion in aquatic and subaerial animals, evolution of the excretory system (protonephridia and metanephridia), nervous system, asexual and sexual reproduction, gametes, sexual dimorphism, determinism of sex, hermaphroditism, parthenogenesis, types of fertilization, oviparous species, ovoviviparous, viviparous. Porifera: Organizational models, metabolism, choanocytes, spicules, reproduction, gemmules, commercial use, role and use of intermediate metabolites. Cnidaria: Morphological diversification, polyp and medusa, nematocysts, metabolism, reproduction, Anthozoa class (Octocorals, Hexacorallia, corals), Scyphozoa class (life cycles), Cubozoa class, Hydrozoa class, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) extracted from jellyfish. Platyhelminthes: Metabolism, reproduction, free forms (Turbellaria class) and parasitic forms, Trematoda class, Cestoda class. Aschelminths: Pseudocoelom, Eutely, cryptobiosis, Nematoda class, features, free and parasitic forms, Caenorhabditis elegans, plant-parasitic nematodes, nematodes and biological control. Annelids: Conquest of a true coelom, Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, general characteristics, ecological role of the earthworm, reproduction in the earthworm. Mollusks: General characteristics, structure of the shell, Gastropoda class, Bivalvia class, Cephalopoda class. Arthropods: General, Arachnida class, Crustacea class, Diplopoda class, Chilopoda class, Insecta class, evolutionary success of insects, chemical communication, bioluminescence, insect societies, interaction with humans (pollinators, pests), biological control, genetic manipulation, male sterile technique (SIT), genetically modified organisms, BT plants, commercially exploited insects. Echinoderms: General characteristics, Asteroidea class, Ophiuroidea class, Echinoidea class, Holothuroidea class, Crinoidea class. Chordata: Subphylum Urochordata, Subphylum Cephalochordata, Subphylum Vertebrata: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. Practical Lessons: Dissection of an insect. Observation of specimens belonging to different Animal Phyla using optical and stereomicroscopes. Use of a dichotomous key for zoological preparation determination. Techniques of breeding, maintenance, and manipulation of the model insect (Drosophila melanogaster). Techniques of dissection of invertebrates under the stereomicroscope.

Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile

land and water animal life

Canale B

CFU

3

Teacher

Silvana Piersanti

Teachers

• Silvana Piersanti

Hours

• 36 ore - Silvana Piersanti

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

The organizational plans and the variety of animal models (coelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate, radiate and bilaterian etc.). Functionality and complexity of body plans. Interaction between animals and the environment. Basic concepts of biological evolution and biodiversity. Reproductive strategies. Particular attention to the species used as animal models, to organisms of interest in the biotechnological field, to biomimicry and to the production of biologically active substances. Use of the microscope. Preparation and staining of preparations with histological, histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques. Observation and recognition of preparations (slides) under the optical microscope.

Reference texts

Hickman C.P., Roberts L.S., Keen S.L., Larson, Larson A, Eisenhour D.J. Fondamenti di Zoologia. Ed. McGraw, Hill Hickman C.P., Roberts L.S., Keen S.L., Larson, Larson A, Eisenhour D.J. Diversità Animale. Ed. McGraw, Hill Slides provided by the teacher.

Educational objectives

The course represents the only zoology course of the program and therefore aims to provide basic principles of the functioning, evolution, and biodiversity of animals, essential for understanding application approaches typical of biotechnology. The student will acquire the basic notions of animal biology and animal models. The main knowledge will be: - Main animal vital functions - Body plan of the main animal Phyla The main skills (the ability to apply the knowledge) will be: - To understand the evolution of the main animal vital functions - To be able to assign an animal model to the right Phylum on the basis of its body plan - Knowledge and understanding of structural and biological properties of animal and plant cells and tissues - Ability to recognize tissues by examining histological images of tissue specimens - Ability to use independently the light microscope. The acquired competences will be in the field of biotechnology.

Prerequisites

In order to understand the topics of the course, follow the exercises in the classroom and laboratory, and acquire the required skills, it is necessary to have studied and preferably passed the exam in General Biology with elements of Cytology and Histology.

Teaching methods

The course consists of: Theoretical/ Practical activities and classroom simulations with the main animal models Practical activities involving the preparation, manipulation, and observation under the optical microscope of whole samples and slides of the main animal models

Other information

lessons are mandatory

Learning verification modality

Learning will be assessed during the theoretical and practical activities through dialogue with the students to evaluate their understanding of the proposed activities and concepts. The correct execution of the practical activities will also be assessed.

Extended program

Biological Evolution: Fundamental principles, neo-Darwinism, natural selection, genetic variability, adaptation to the environment, and coevolution. Biodiversity: Concept of biodiversity, animal biodiversity, and its importance, protection of biodiversity and its significance. Organizational Models: Phylum and bauplan, levels of organization, diblastic and triploblastic organization, radial and bilateral symmetry, cephalization, the coelom, functions of the body cavity, acelomate, pseudocoelomate, and eucoelomate differences, protostomes and deuterostomes, metamerism. Vital Functions: Integumentary system in invertebrates and vertebrates, colors, skeletal systems, hydrostatic skeleton, rigid skeleton, animal movement (amoeboid, ciliary, flagellar, pedal locomotion, ambulacral pedicels, arts), nutrition, types of nutrition, intracellular and extracellular digestion, evolution of the digestive system, circulation (closed and open systems), evolution of the circulatory system in invertebrates and vertebrates, respiration, tracheal system of insects, osmoregulation, excretion in aquatic and subaerial animals, evolution of the excretory system (protonephridia and metanephridia), nervous system, asexual and sexual reproduction, gametes, sexual dimorphism, determinism of sex, hermaphroditism, parthenogenesis, types of fertilization, oviparous species, ovoviviparous, viviparous. Porifera: Organizational models, metabolism, choanocytes, spicules, reproduction, gemmules, commercial use, role and use of intermediate metabolites. Cnidaria: Morphological diversification, polyp and medusa, nematocysts, metabolism, reproduction, Anthozoa class (Octocorals, Hexacorallia, corals), Scyphozoa class (life cycles), Cubozoa class, Hydrozoa class, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) extracted from jellyfish. Platyhelminthes: Metabolism, reproduction, free forms (Turbellaria class) and parasitic forms, Trematoda class, Cestoda class. Aschelminths: Pseudocoelom, Eutely, cryptobiosis, Nematoda class, features, free and parasitic forms, Caenorhabditis elegans, plant-parasitic nematodes, nematodes and biological control. Annelids: Conquest of a true coelom, Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, general characteristics, ecological role of the earthworm, reproduction in the earthworm. Mollusks: General characteristics, structure of the shell, Gastropoda class, Bivalvia class, Cephalopoda class. Arthropods: General, Arachnida class, Crustacea class, Diplopoda class, Chilopoda class, Insecta class, evolutionary success of insects, chemical communication, bioluminescence, insect societies, interaction with humans (pollinators, pests), biological control, genetic manipulation, male sterile technique (SIT), genetically modified organisms, BT plants, commercially exploited insects. Echinoderms: General characteristics, Asteroidea class, Ophiuroidea class, Echinoidea class, Holothuroidea class, Crinoidea class. Chordata: Subphylum Urochordata, Subphylum Cephalochordata, Subphylum Vertebrata: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. Practical Lessons: Dissection of an insect. Observation of specimens belonging to different Animal Phyla using optical and stereomicroscopes. Use of a dichotomous key for zoological preparation determination. Techniques of breeding, maintenance, and manipulation of the model insect (Drosophila melanogaster). Techniques of dissection of invertebrates under the stereomicroscope.

Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile

land and water animal life

Canale C

CFU

3

Teacher

Matteo Pallottini

Teachers

• Matteo Pallottini

Hours

• 36 ore - Matteo Pallottini

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

The organizational plans and the variety of animal models (coelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate, radiate and bilaterian etc.). Functionality and complexity of body plans. Interaction between animals and the environment. Basic concepts of biological evolution and biodiversity. Reproductive strategies. Particular attention to the species used as animal models, to organisms of interest in the biotechnological field, to biomimicry and to the production of biologically active substances. Use of the microscope. Observation and recognition of preparations (slides) under the optical microscope.

Reference texts

Hickman C.P., Roberts L.S., Keen S.L., Larson, Larson A, Eisenhour D.J. Fondamenti di Zoologia. Ed. McGraw, Hill Hickman C.P., Roberts L.S., Keen S.L., Larson, Larson A, Eisenhour D.J. Diversità Animale. Ed. McGraw, Hill Slides provided by the teacher.

Educational objectives

The course represents the only zoology course of the program and therefore aims to provide basic principles of the functioning, evolution, and biodiversity of animals, essential for understanding application approaches typical of biotechnology. The student will acquire the basic notions of animal biology and animal models. The main knowledge will be: - Main animal vital functions - Body plan of the main animal Phyla The main skills (the ability to apply the knowledge) will be: - To understand the evolution of the main animal vital functions - To be able to assign an animal model to the right Phylum on the basis of its body plan - Knowledge and understanding of structural and biological properties of animal and plant cells and tissues - Ability to use independently the light microscope. The acquired competences will be in the field of biotechnology.

Prerequisites

In order to understand the topics of the course, follow the exercises in classroom and laboratory and acquire the skills required it is necessary to have studied and preferably passed the examsof General Biology with elements of Cytology and Histology

Teaching methods

The course consists of: Theoretical/ Practical activities and classroom simulations with the main animal models Practical activities involving the preparation, manipulation, and observation under the optical microscope of whole samples and slides of the main animal models

Other information

lessons are mandatory

Learning verification modality

Learning will be assessed during the theoretical and practical activities through dialogue with the students to evaluate their understanding of the proposed activities and concepts. The correct execution of the practical activities will also be assessed.

Extended program

Biological Evolution: Fundamental principles, neo-Darwinism, natural selection, genetic variability, adaptation to the environment, and coevolution. Biodiversity: Concept of biodiversity, animal biodiversity, and its importance, protection of biodiversity and its significance. Organizational Models: Phylum and bauplan, levels of organization, diblastic and triploblastic organization, radial and bilateral symmetry, cephalization, the coelom, functions of the body cavity, acelomate, pseudocoelomate, and eucoelomate differences, protostomes and deuterostomes, metamerism. Vital Functions: Integumentary system in invertebrates and vertebrates, colors, skeletal systems, hydrostatic skeleton, rigid skeleton, animal movement (amoeboid, ciliary, flagellar, pedal locomotion, ambulacral pedicels, arts), nutrition, types of nutrition, intracellular and extracellular digestion, evolution of the digestive system, circulation (closed and open systems), evolution of the circulatory system in invertebrates and vertebrates, respiration, tracheal system of insects, osmoregulation, excretion in aquatic and subaerial animals, evolution of the excretory system (protonephridia and metanephridia), nervous system, asexual and sexual reproduction, gametes, sexual dimorphism, determinism of sex, hermaphroditism, parthenogenesis, types of fertilization, oviparous species, ovoviviparous, viviparous. Porifera: Organizational models, metabolism, choanocytes, spicules, reproduction, gemmules, commercial use, role and use of intermediate metabolites. Cnidaria: Morphological diversification, polyp and medusa, nematocysts, metabolism, reproduction, Anthozoa class (Octocorals, Hexacorallia, corals), Scyphozoa class (life cycles), Cubozoa class, Hydrozoa class, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) extracted from jellyfish. Platyhelminthes: Metabolism, reproduction, free forms (Turbellaria class) and parasitic forms, Trematoda class, Cestoda class. Aschelminths: Pseudocoelom, Eutely, cryptobiosis, Nematoda class, features, free and parasitic forms, Caenorhabditis elegans, plant-parasitic nematodes, nematodes and biological control. Annelids: Conquest of a true coelom, Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, general characteristics, ecological role of the earthworm, reproduction in the earthworm. Mollusks: General characteristics, structure of the shell, Gastropoda class, Bivalvia class, Cephalopoda class. Arthropods: General, Arachnida class, Crustacea class, Diplopoda class, Chilopoda class, Insecta class, evolutionary success of insects, chemical communication, bioluminescence, insect societies, interaction with humans (pollinators, pests), biological control, genetic manipulation, male sterile technique (SIT), genetically modified organisms, BT plants, commercially exploited insects. Echinoderms: General characteristics, Asteroidea class, Ophiuroidea class, Echinoidea class, Holothuroidea class, Crinoidea class. Chordata: Subphylum Urochordata, Subphylum Cephalochordata, Subphylum Vertebrata: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. Practical Lessons: Dissection of an insect. Observation of specimens belonging to different Animal Phyla using optical and stereomicroscopes. Use of a dichotomous key for zoological preparation determination. Techniques of breeding, maintenance, and manipulation of the model insect (Drosophila melanogaster). Techniques of dissection of invertebrates under the stereomicroscope.

Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile

land and water animal life