Unit ANATOMY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS

SWINE AND CARNIVORE ANATOMY

Code	GP005386
CFU	3
Teacher	Piero Ceccarelli
Teachers	Luisa Pascucci (Codocenza)
Hours	42 ore (Codocenza) - Luisa Pascucci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline della struttura e funzione degli organismi animali
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	During this course, the structural and topographic differences of organs and systems of carnivores and pigs will be emphasized and compared to those described for the horse. Power Point presentations will be used and provided to students by Unistudium plathform. THEORETICAL LESSONS - CARNIVORES Cardio-vascular system: descriptive and topographic anatomy of heart and blood vessels. Systemic and pumonary circulation (3 hours). Lymphatic system: lymphatic circulation, primary and secondary lymphatic organs (thymus, lymph nodes and spleen), diffuse lymphatic system. (2 hours). Respiratory system: descriptive and topographical anatomy of nostrils, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea and Lungs (2 hours). Digestive system: Descriptive and topographic anatomy of the mouth and its annexes, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver and pancreas (3 hours). Urinary System: descriptive and topographic anatomy of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra (1 hour). Femal Reproductive System: descriptive and topographical anatomy of ovary, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, vestibulus and vulva (2 hours). Male Reproductive System: descriptive and topographic anatomy of testicles, epididymis, deferent duct, urethra, glands, penis (1,5 hours). Endocrine system: pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid, adrenal gland, endocrine pancreas, diffuse endocrine system (1 hour). Integumentary system: skin and annexes (0,5 hours) PRACTICAL LESSONS - CARNIVORES Practical activity on dog and cat cadavers: macroscopic morphology and topography of the organs of the head, neck and thoracic cavity with ventral and lateral approach (1 hour). Practical activity on dog and cat cadavers: macroscopic morphology and topography of the abdominal and pelvis organs with ventral and lateral approach (1 hour). THEORETICAL LESSONS - SWINE Cardio-circulatory system: Descriptive and topographic anatomy of the heart and blood vessels. Systemic and pulmonary circulation (1 hour). Lymphatic system: lymphatic circulation, primary and secondary lymphatic organs (thymus, lymph nodes and spleen), diffuse lymphatic system (1 hour). Respiratory system: descriptive and topographic anatomy of nostrils, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea and lungs (1 hour). Digestive system: descriptive and topographical anatomy of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, pancreas. (2 hours). Urinary system: descriptive and topographical anatomy of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra (1 hour). Female Reproductive system: descriptive and topographic anatomy of ovary, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, vestibulus and vulva (1,5 hours). Male Reproductive System: descriptive and topographic anatomy of the testicle, epididymis, deferent duct, glands, penis (1,5 hours). Endocrine system: pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid, adrenal gland, endocrine pancreas, diffuse endocrine system (0,5 hours). Integumentary system: skin and annexes (0,5 hours). PRACTICAL LESSONS - SWINE Practical activity on swine viscera: heart, trachea and lungs, stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver, spleen, male and female reproductive system (1 hour). Dissection of pigs' cadavers (1 hour).
Reference texts	R. Barone, Anatomia Comparata dei Mammiferi Domestici, EDAGRICOLE Gaetano V. Pelagalli, Virgilio Botte - Anatomia veterinaria sistematica e comparata - Edi. Ermes K.M. Dyce, W.O. Sack, C.J.G. Wensing - Testo di Anatomia veterinaria - Antonio Delfino Editore - Vol. I e II
Educational objectives	The main objective of the course is to provide students with adequate knowledge of the macroscopic and microscopic structure of organs and systems of carnivores and swine as well as of the elements necessary to understand the topographical relationships between them. The knowledge gained will be propaedeutic to the study of subsequent disciplines such as physiology and pathological anatomy, food inspection, clinics, diagnostic imaging. Through the knowledge gained, the student will develop the following skills: - Ability to identify organs and systems of the animal species studied; - Acquisition of an analytical technique of dissection; - Familiarity with normal patterns, essential to the recognition of pathological conditions; - Acquisition of communication skills and a suitable scientific language; - Ability to address new issues, within broader contexts related to veterinary anatomy (eg. Clinical anatomy and diagnostic imaging).
Teaching methods	The course is organized as follows: -26 hours of classroom lectures on all topics of the course; - 4 hours of practical lessons in the dissecting room for the observation and recognition of organs and cadavers of carnivores and swine. At the end of the planned practical lessons, students will have the opportunity to make revisions of organs before the exams.
Extended program	During this course, the structural and topographic differences of organs and systems of carnivores and pigs will be emphasized and compared to those described for the horse. Power Point presentations will be used and provided to students by Unistudium plathform. THEORETICAL LESSONS - CARNIVORES Cardio-vascular system: descriptive and topographic anatomy of heart and blood vessels. Systemic and pumonary circulation (3 hours). Lymphatic system: lymphatic circulation, primary and secondary lymphatic organs (thymus, lymph nodes and spleen), diffuse lymphatic system. (2 hours). Respiratory system: descriptive and topographical anatomy of nostrils, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea and Lungs (2 hours). Digestive system: Descriptive and topographic anatomy of the mouth and its annexes, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver and pancreas (3 hours). Urinary System: descriptive and topographic anatomy of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra (1 hour). Femal Reproductive System: descriptive and topographical anatomy of ovary, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, vestibulus and vulva (2 hours). Male Reproductive System: descriptive and topographic anatomy of testicles, epididymis, deferent duct, urethra, glands, penis (1,5 hours). Endocrine system: pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid, adrenal gland, endocrine pancreas, diffuse endocrine system (1 hour). Integumentary system: skin and annexes (0,5 hours) PRACTICAL LESSONS - CARNIVORES Practical activity on dog and cat cadavers: macroscopic morphology and topography of the organs of the head, neck and thoracic cavity with ventral and lateral approach (1 hour). Practical activity on dog and cat cadavers: macroscopic morphology and topography of the abdominal and pelvis organs with ventral and lateral approach (1 hour). THEORETICAL LESSONS - SWINE Cardio-circulatory system: Descriptive and topographic anatomy of the heart and blood vessels. Systemic and pulmonary circulation (1 hour). Lymphatic system: lymphatic circulation, primary and secondary lymphatic organs (thymus, lymph nodes and spleen), diffuse lymphatic system (1 hour). Respiratory system: descriptive and topographic anatomy of nostrils, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea and lungs (1 hour). Digestive system: descriptive and topographical anatomy of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, pancreas. (2 hours). Urinary system: descriptive and topographical anatomy of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra (1 hour). Female Reproductive system: descriptive and topographic anatomy of ovary, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, vestibulus and vulva (1,5 hours). Male Reproductive System: descriptive and topographic anatomy of the testicle, epididymis, deferent duct, glands, penis (1,5 hours). Endocrine system: pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid, adrenal gland, endocrine pancreas, diffuse endocrine system (0,5 hours). Integumentary system: skin and annexes (0,5 hours). PRACTICAL LESSONS - SWINE Practical activity on swine viscera: heart, trachea and lungs, stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver, spleen, male and female reproductive system (1 hour). Dissection of pigs' cadavers(1 hour).

RUMINANT ANATOMY

Code	GP005387
CFU	3
Teacher	Piero Ceccarelli
Teachers	Cecilia Dall'aglio (Codocenza)
Hours	42 ore (Codocenza) - Cecilia Dall'aglio
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline della struttura e funzione degli organismi animali
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian language
Contents	Structural characteristics of ruminants anatomical organs and apparatus, compared to those of horse described in the General Anatomy part. PROGRAM THEORETICAL LESSONS -Digestive system: Oral cavity and esophagus (1 hour) Liver (1 hour) Rumen, reticulum, omasum and glandular stomach (3 hours) Small and large intestine (2 hours) -Respiratory apparatus Nasal, rhinopharyngeal and laryngeal cavities (2 hours) Trachea and lungs (2 hours) -Male and female genital apparatus Testicle (0.5 hours) Epididymis (0.5 hours) Urethra, glands and penis (1 hour) Ovary (1 hour) Oviduct and uterus (2 hours) -Cardio-circulatory apparatus Heart (1 hour) Arterial circulation (1.5 hours) Venous circulation (1.5 hours) -Lymphatic apparatus Lymph node (1 hour) Spleen (1 hour) -Urinary tract Kidney (1 hour) Ureter, bladder and urethra (1 hour) -Integumentary apparatus with the breast gland Cute and attached structures (0.5 hours) Breast gland (1.5 hours) PRACTICAL LESSONS Sector room, vision of ruminant anatomical preparations - 1 hour for 4 Sector room, vision of ruminant anatomical preparations - 1 hour for 4 Classroom IX, vision of anatomical models (comparison between ruminant model and that of other animal species) - 1 hour for 4 Classroom VIII, visualization of histological sections of aglandular stomachs - 1 hour for 4
Reference texts	K.M. Dyce, W.O. Sack, C.J.G. Wensing – Veterinary Anatomy - Antonio Delfino Editore - Vol. I and II During the theoretical activity, slides are used and then made available to the students
Educational objectives	To know: The student must know the macroscopic, microscopic and topographic anatomy of ruminants and the terminology used for his description, with particular attention to the anatomical differences, macroscopic and microscopic, with other animal species. To know how to do: The student must know how to identify a ruminant organ and distinguish it from those of other animal species. The student must be able to recognize a histologic sections of the aglandular stomachs and distinguish them from those of other organs
Teaching methods	Theoretical activity on all subjects of the course in a classroom of the Polo Didattico. Practical activity in the Optical Microscopy laboratory (classroom VIII of the Polo Didattico) for the observation and identification of microscopic anatomy sections referring to the lectures. Practical activity in a specific classroom of the Polo Didattico for the vision and recognition of organs of ruminants. Practical activity in the classroom IX of the Polo Didattico for the vision of anatomical models, with particular reference to that of ruminants
Extended program	THEORETICAL LESSONS -Digestive system: Oral cavity and esophagus (1 hour) Liver (1 hour) Rumen, reticulum, omasum and glandular stomach (3 hours) Small and large intestine (2 hours) -Respiratory apparatus Nasal, rhinopharyngeal and laryngeal cavities (2 hours) Trachea and lungs (2 hours) -Male and female genital apparatus Testicle (0.5 hours) Epididymis (0.5 hours) Urethra, glands and penis (1 hour) Ovary (1 hour) Oviduct and uterus (2 hours) -Cardio-circulatory apparatus Heart (1 hour) Arterial circulation (1.5 hours) Venous circulation (1.5 hours) -Lymphatic apparatus Lymph node (1 hour) Spleen (1 hour) -Urinary tract Kidney (1 hour) Ureter, bladder and urethra (1 hour) -Integumentary apparatus with the breast gland Cute and attached structures (0.5 hours) Breast gland (1.5 hours) PRACTICAL LESSONS Sector room, vision of ruminant anatomical preparations - 1 hour for 4 Sector room, vision of ruminant anatomical preparations - 1 hour for 4 Classroom IX, vision of anatomical models (comparison between ruminant model and that of other animal species) - 1 hour for 4 Classroom VIII, visualization of histological sections of aglandular stomachs - 1 hour for 4

ANATOMY OF BIRDS AND LABORATORY ANIMALS

Code	A000590
CFU	2
Teacher	Luisa Pascucci
Teachers	Piero Ceccarelli (Codocenza)
Hours	29 ore (Codocenza) - Piero Ceccarelli
Learning activities	Affine/integrativa
Area	Attività formative affini o integrative
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	BIRDS ANATOMY - Integumentary system: skin and annexes (0.5 hours)Cardio-vascular and respiratory systems (1 hour).Digestive system (1 hour).Urinary system (1 hour).Male and female reproductive system (1 hour). Lymphatic system (0.5 hours). ANATOMY OF LABORATORY ANIMALS - General characteristics of the main species of interest: rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit (0.5 hours).Integumentary system (0.5 hours).Cardio-vascular and respiratory system (1 hour). Digestive system, uro-genital apparatus. Nervous system (1 hour).Practical lesson: dissection of chicken cadavers (1 hour).Practical activity: observation of histological slides (1 hour).
Reference texts	K.M.Dyce, W.O. Sack, C.J.G. Wensing. Testo di Anatomia Veterinaria. Antonio Delfino EditoreB.Cozzi, C.Ballarin, A.Peruffo, F.Carù. Anatomia degli animali da laboratorio. - Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Educational objectives	The course is devoted to the anatomy of birds, rodents and lagomorphs . The main objective is to provide, through theoretical and practical sessions, the knowledge to recognize and describe the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the organs of these species.The student must acquire the ability to recognize the organs of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, cardiovascular, male and female genital apparatus through direct observation and through light microscope.The student must also be able to describe the topography, the macroscopic appearance and the structure of all the organs.
Teaching methods	The course is organized as follows:- Lectures on the subjects of the course; lectures will be carried out through Power Point slides that will be available to the student in Unistudium. - Practical lessons at the light microscope to observe histological preparations of birds, rodents and lagomorphs.- Practical lessons in the necropsy hall to observe organs and cadavers of birds, rodents and lagomorphs .
Extended program	BIRDS ANATOMY - Integumentary system: skin and annexes (0.5 hours)Cardio-vascular and respiratory systems (1 hour).Digestive system (1 hour).Urinary system (1 hour).Male and female reproductive system (1 hour).Lymphatic system (0.5 hours). ANATOMY OF LABORATORY ANIMALS - General characteristics of the main species of interest: rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit (0.5 hours).Integumentary system (0.5 hours).Cardio-vascular and respiratory system (1 hour).Digestive system, uro-genital apparatus. Nervous system (1 hour).Practical lesson: dissection of chicken cadavers (1 hour).Practical activity: observation of histological slides (1 hour).

GENERAL ANATOMY (HORSE REFERENCE SPECIES)

Code	A000589
CFU	6
Teacher	Piero Ceccarelli
Teachers	Piero Ceccarelli
Hours	87 ore - Piero Ceccarelli
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline della struttura e funzione degli organismi animali
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Embryogenesis, gross and microscopic morphology of the following organs and systems: Cardio-vascular, lymph nodes and spleen, digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive (male and female), nervous, sense organs, endocrine glands. PROGRAM LECTURES: Introductory lesson; textbooks, informations on practical and examination procedures (2 hours)Cardiovascular system: heart embryogenesis (2 hours)Heart and pericardium gross anatomy (2 hours)Heart topography, heart area, heart cavities (1,5 hours)Elastic and muscular arteries, veins, capillars. Ascending aorta, brachiocephalic trunk (2 hours)Abdominal aorta: main collateral (2 hours)Lymphatic system. Lymph node gross and microscopic features (2 hours)Gross anatomy, microscopic organization and topography of spleen (2 hours) Neurocranium, splanchnocranium. Tip of the nose, nostrils, nasal cavities (2 hours)Respiratory and olfactory mucousae; larynx, trachea (3 hours)Lung gross anatomy; parenchyma lobation(2 hours)Alveolus: microscopic features, vascularisation (1,5 hours)Kidney topography and gross anatomy. Nephron structure (2 hours)Pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra (2 hours)Testis and scrotum topography and gross anatomy. Microscopic structure of seminipherous tubule wall. Epididmus, testicular AA and VV (1,5 hours)Penis, cavernous bodies, accessory sexual glands (2 hours)Embriogenesis, topography and gross anatomy of ovary. Microscopic structure of female gonad and their morphological changes during estrous cycle (3 hours)Uterine topography, gross anatomy and vascularization. Wall microscopic features (2 hours)Stomach topography and gross anatomy. Blind sac, gastric glands (2,5 hours)Small intestine topography and gross anatomy (2 hours)Small intestine wall microscopic features: intestinal villi, intestinal and duodenal glands (3 hours)Large intestine topography and anatomy. Wall microscopic features (2 hours)Liver topography and gross anatomy. Liver lobule. Tegumentum (3 hours)Supervised lesson: topography and gross anatomy of the gut. Movie from Prof Barone (1,5 hours)Hair, sweat and sebaceous glands. Hoof (3 hours) Nervous system embryogenesis: neural tube. Central and peripheral nervous system. Vegetative nervous system. Spinal cord (2 hours) Spinal cord: white and gray matter (2 hours)Basal nuclei, mesencephalon, cerebral trunk, cerebral hemispheres, cerebellar hemispheres. (2 hours) PRACTICALS (in necropsy hall and in the microscopic hall)Students in small groups observe and dissect: Heart, aorta and cavae (1 hour), Lymph nodes, spleen, tymus (1 hour) Trachea and lungs (1 hour) Kidney, ureter and bladder (1 hour) Testis, epididimus, penis (1 hour) Ovary, oviduct, uterus (1 hour) Oesophagus, stomach, small intestine (1 hour) Large intestine (1 hour) Liver (1 hour) Cranium longitudinal and transverse section to observe: nasal cavities, buccal cavity, encephalon and meninges (1 hour)
Reference texts	K.M. Dyce, W.O. Sack, C.J.G. Wensing - testo di Anatomia veterinaria - Antonio Delfino Editore - Vol. I e II
Educational objectives	Knowledge: student should know topography, gross and microscopic morphology of the following horse organs and apparatus : heart, artery and veins; stomach; gross and small intestine; trachea and lungs; kidney and urinary excretory ducts; ovary and uterus; testis, epididimus, deferent duct and penis; brain and spinal cord. Skills: student should be able to identify and describe gross morphological features of organs and apparatus described during lectures and practical sessions. Student should recognize organs from their histological features
Teaching methods	The course organization is as follows:Lectures in all topics schedules supported with slides and movies. Slides can be visualized on “ unistudium”.Practicals at the microscopic hall equipped with 30 light microscope to see histological specimens from all the organs studied; at necroscopic hall teacher /teachers explain the gross anatomical features of organs and apparatus. The interspecific differences are greatly emphasized
Extended program	LECTURES: Introductory lesson; textbooks, informations on practical and examination procedures (2 hours)Cardiovascular system: heart embryogenesis (2 hours)Heart and pericardium gross anatomy (2 hours)Heart topography, heart area, heart cavities (1,5 hours)Elastic and muscular arteries, veins, capillars. Ascending aorta, brachiocephalic trunk (2 hours)Abdominal aorta: main collateral (2 hours)Lymphatic system. Lymph node gross and microscopic features (2 hours)Gross anatomy, microscopic organization and topography of spleen (2 hours) Neurocranium, splanchnocranium. Tip of the nose, nostrils, nasal cavities (2 hours)Respiratory and olfactory mucousae; larynx, trachea (3 hours)Lung gross anatomy; parenchyma lobation(2 hours)Alveolus: microscopic features, vascularisation (1,5 hours)Kidney topography and gross anatomy. Nephron structure (2 hours)Pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra (2 hours)Testis and scrotum topography and gross anatomy. Microscopic structure of seminipherous tubule wall. Epididmus, testicular AA and VV (1,5 hours)Penis, cavernous bodies, accessory sexual glands (2 hours)Embriogenesis, topography and gross anatomy of ovary. Microscopic structure of female gonad and their morphological changes during estrous cycle (3 hours)Uterine topography, gross anatomy and vascularization. Wall microscopic features (2 hours)Stomach topography and gross anatomy. Blind sac, gastric glands (2,5 hours)Small intestine topography and gross anatomy (2 hours)Small intestine wall microscopic features: intestinal villi, intestinal and duodenal glands (3 hours)Large intestine topography and anatomy. Wall microscopic features (2 hours)Liver topography and gross anatomy. Liver lobule.Tegumentum (3 hours)Supervised lesson: topography and gross anatomy of the gut. Movie from Prof Barone (1,5 hours)Hair, sweat and sebaceous glands. Hoof (3 hours)Nervous system embryogenesis: neural tube. Central and peripheral nervous system. Vegetative nervous system. Spinal cord (2 hours) Spinal cord: white and gray matter (2 hours)Basal nuclei, mesencephalon, cerebral trunk, cerebral hemispheres, cerebellar hemispheres. (2 hours)PRACTICALS (in necropsy hall and in the microscopic hall)Students in small groups observe and dissectHeart, aorta and cavae (1 hour)Lymph nodes, spleen, tymus (1 hour)Trachea and lungs (1 hour)Kidney, ureter and bladder (1 hour)Testis, epididimus, penis (1 hour)Ovary, oviduct, uterus (1 hour)Oesophagus, stomach, small intestine (1 hour)Large intestine (1 hour)Liver (1 hour)Cranium longitudinal and transverse section to observe: nasal cavities, buccal cavity, encephalon and meninges (1 hour)

OSTEO-ARTHRO-MYOLOGY

Code	GP005384
CFU	3
Teacher	Piero Ceccarelli
Teachers	Luisa Pascucci (Codocenza)
Hours	42 ore (Codocenza) - Luisa Pascucci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline della struttura e funzione degli organismi animali
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	The first part of the course describes the aims of anatomy and the adequate anatomical terminology. Afterwards, the study of the locomotor system will be discussed. THEORETICAL LESSONS Introduction to the course. Subjects of veterinary anatomy. Anatomical terminology (1 hour). Cervical vertebrae, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, thorax (3 hours). Thoracic girdle skeleton (1 hour). Forelimb skeleton: humerus and radius, ulna and skeleton of the hand (3 hours). Pelvic girdle skeleton (1 hour). Pelvic limb skeleton: femur, tibia and fibula, tarsus, metatarsal and phalanges (3 hours). Neurocranius: occipital bone, sphenoid and ethmoid bone, temporal, frontal and parietal bones (2 hours). Splancnocranius (1 hour). Introduction to myology (0.5 hours). Shoulder muscles, brachial muscles, antibrachial and hand muscles (2 hours). Muscles of the pelvic girdle (1.5 hours). Muscles of the pelvic limb (1.5 hours). Thorax and abdomen muscles (1 hour). Introduction to Arthrology (0.5 hours) Forelimb joints: shoulder, elbow and hand joints (1 hour). Pelvic limb joints: hip, knee and foot joints (2 hours). Axial skeleton joints (1 hour). PRACTICAL LESSONS Bones of the axial skeleton (1 hour). Bones of the thoracic girdle and limb (1 hour). Bones of the pelvic girdle and limb (1 hour). Observation of muscles and joints of the limbs in the necropsy hall (1 hour).
Reference texts	R. Barone, Anatomia Comparata dei Mammiferi Domestici, Vol. I e II, EDAGRICOLE Gaetano V. Pelagalli, Virgilio Botte - Anatomia veterinaria sistematica e comparata vol.1 - Edi. Ermes
Educational objectives	The course is devoted to the description of the locomotor apparatus of domestic mammals. The main objective is to acquire, through theoretical and practical sessions, the ability to recognize and describe the morphology and species differences of bones, joints and muscles. The following skills will be gained at the end of the course: - ability to recognize and describe the different bones of livestock and pets and the ability to identify the species; - ability to describe the joints of axial scheleton, thoracic and pelvic girdle and limbs; - knowledge of the nomenclature and topography of the muscles of the limbs and body wall; - ability to use an appropriate anatomical terminology during the description of the locomotor apparatus.
Teaching methods	The course is organized as follows: - Lectures on all the topics of the course. Lectures will be carried out through Power Point slides that will be available to the students. - Practical lessons for bone and muscle observation will be carried out atosteo-miology hall at the Institute of Veterinary Anatomy. - Practical lessons in the necropsy room. At the end of the lesson, students will have free access to osteo-miology hall for further observation of bones and muscles.
Extended program	The first part of the course describes the aims of anatomy and the adequate anatomical terminology. Afterwards, the study of musculo-skeletal apparatus will be discussed. THEORETICAL LESSONS Introduction to the course. Subjects of veterinary anatomy. Anatomical terminology (1 hour). Cervical vertebrae, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, sternum and ribs (3 hours). Thoracic girdle skeleton (1 hour). Forelimb skeleton: humerus and radius, ulna and skeleton of the hand (3 hours). Pelvic girdle skeleton (1 hour). Pelvic limb skeleton: femur, tibia and fibula, tarsus, metatarsal and phalanges (3 hours). Neurocranius: occipital bone, sphenoid and ethmoid bone, temporal, frontal and parietal bones (2 hours). Splancnocranius (1 hour). Introduction to myology (0.5 hours). Shoulder muscles, brachial muscles, antibrachial and hand muscles (2 hours). Muscles of the pelvic girdle (1.5 hours). Muscles of the pelvic limb (1.5 hours). Thorax and abdomen muscles (1 hour). Introduction to Arthrology (0.5 hours) Forelimb joints: shoulder, elbow and hand joints (1 hour). Pelvic limb joints: hip, knee and foot joints (2 hours). Axial skeleton joints (1 hour). PRACTICAL LESSONS Bones of the axial skeleton (1 hour). Bones of the thoracic girdle and limb (1 hour). Bones of the pelvic girdle and limb (1 hour). Observation of muscles and joints of the limbs in the necropsy hall (1 hour).