Unit PHYSICS
- Course
- Mechanical engineering
- Study-unit Code
- GP004941
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Renzo Campanella
- Teachers
-
- Renzo Campanella
- Hours
- 108 ore - Renzo Campanella
- CFU
- 12
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2021
- Offered
- 2021/22
- Learning activities
- Base
- Area
- Fisica e chimica
- Academic discipline
- FIS/01
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
- Mechanics of point particle; energy and work; mechanics of sistems and of the rigid body. Free harmonic oscillator, dumped oscillator, forced oscillator. Mechanics of fluids. Thermology and thermodynamics. Ideal and real gases. Elettrico and magnetic fields in the void. Maxwell Equations, Lorentz force.
- Reference texts
- Mechanics of point particle; energy and work; mechanics of sistems and of the rigid body. Free harmonic oscillator, dumped oscillator, forced oscillator. Waves. Mechanics of fluids. Thermology and thermodynamics. Ideal and real gases. Elettrico and magnetic fields in the void. Maxwell Equations, Lorentz force.
- Educational objectives
- Knowledge of the physical laws of mechanics, thermodynamics and of electromagnetism in free space.
Capability of solving simple problems concerning mechanics, thermodynamics and of electromagnetism in free space. - Prerequisites
- Algebraic calculus, derivatives and integrals, trigonometry, elements of vectorial algebra
- Teaching methods
- The course is organized in face-to-face lectures on all subjects
- Other information
- The teacher can be reached at the university email address.
Students with disabilities are welcome to contact privately the teacher with regards to any specific aid during the course or for the examination. - Learning verification modality
- Two written test with exercises and one oral examination. The first test concerns mechanics; the second one thermodinamics and electromagnetism. Each test comprises three exercises, and a minimum score of 15/30 is required. The oral examination is based on 5/6 question; its lenghth is generally 40/60 min.
- Extended program
- 1 - INTRODUZIONE
Introduction - Physical quantities - Dimensional equations - Units of measurement systems - Scalar and vector quantities - Free vectors - Components of a vector - Sum of vectors - Product of a vector by a scalar - Scalar and vector products - Mixed product - Applied vectors - Polar and axial moments - Vector operators – Flow - Line integrals - Circulation - Divergence theorem – Stokes’ theorem
2 - MECHANICS OF A POINT PARTICLE
Kinematics of a point particle - Reference systems - Geometric and temporal aspects of motion: trajectory and hourly equation - Displacements - Degrees of freedom - Examples of motion - Circular motion - Uniform circular motion - Harmonic motion - Average scalar speed and instantaneous scalar velocity – Vectorial velocity - Average and instantaneous scalar acceleration, vectorial acceleration - Plane motions - Central motions - Relative motion theorem – Coriolis’ theorem - Dynamics of the material point - Forces - Newton's laws - Inertial terns - Inertial mass - Fundamental forces and interactions - Quantity of motion - Impulse of a force - Weight - Elastic forces - Support reactions - Friction - Passive resistances - Real and apparent forces: force centrifuge and Coriolis force - Simple pendulum
Work and energy for the material point - Definition of work - Power - Kinetic energy - Theorem of living forces - Conservative force fields - Potential energy - Conservation of mechanical energy - Energy in the harmonic oscillator - Variation of energy in presence of non-conservative forces
3 - MECHANICS OF RIGID SYSTEMS AND BODIES
Mechanics of systems of material points - Center of mass and motion of the center of mass - Amount of motion of a system? 1st cardinal equation - Third principle of dynamics - Total momentum - Internal and external forces - Momentum conservation principle - Variable mass systems motion - Moment of total momentum - Momentum momentum theorem for a point system - Principle of conservation of momentum momentum - 2nd cardinal equation - Work theorem and kinetic energy for a point system - Total kinetic energy - Motion of center of mass and motion around the center of mass - Energy potential in systems - Conservation of mechanical energy - Impact processes - Central normal impact - Impact in space
Rigid-body mechanics - Rigid-body kinematics - Rigid motions, translational motion, rotary motion - Distribution of velocities and accelerations in a rigid motion - Dynamics of rigid bodies - Equivalent systems of forces - Rotatable body around a fixed axis - Moment d ? inertia - moment of axial inertia - examples of rotational motion around a fixed axis - statics of rigid bodies - cardinal equations of statics
Gravitation - Law of universal gravitation - Determination of the universal gravitation constant - Inertial mass and gravitational mass - Acceleration of gravity - Weight - Motion of planets and satellites - Kepler's laws - Gravitational field - Gauss theorem - Energy potential of gravitation - Energy mechanics in the solar system
3 - MECHANICS OF RIGID SYSTEMS AND BODIES
Mechanics of systems of material points - Center of mass and motion of the center of mass - Amount of motion of a system? 1st cardinal equation - Third principle of dynamics - Total momentum - Internal and external forces - Momentum conservation principle - Variable mass systems motion - Moment of total momentum - Momentum momentum theorem for a point system - Principle of conservation of momentum: Momentum - 2nd cardinal equation - Work theorem and kinetic energy for a point system - Total kinetic energy - Motion of center of mass and motion around the center of mass - Energy potential in systems - Conservation of mechanical energy - Impact processes - Central normal impact - Impact in space
Rigid-body mechanics - Rigid-body kinematics - Rigid motions, translational motion, rotary motion - Distribution of velocities and accelerations in a rigid motion - Dynamics of rigid bodies - Equivalent systems of forces - Rotatable body around a fixed axis - Moment of inertia - examples of rotational motion around a fixed axis - statics of rigid bodies - cardinal equations of statics
Gravitation - Law of universal gravitation - Determination of the universal gravitation constant - Inertial mass and gravitational mass - Acceleration of gravity - Weight - Motion of planets and satellites - Kepler's laws - Gravitational field - Gauss theorem - Energy potential of gravitation - Mechanical energy in the solar system
4 - MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
Fluid mechanics - Pressure at a point of a fluid - Equations of fluid statics - Statics of heavy fluids - Pascal's principle - Measurement of pressures - Archimedes' principle - Fluid dynamics - Flow and current lines - Work theorem and kinetic energy for ideal fluids - Bernouilli equation - Continuity equation
5 - OSCILLATIONS
Harmonic oscillator - O.A. smorzato - O.A. forced: resonance -
6 - FIRST PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS
Thermodynamic systems and states - Thermodynamic equilibrium - Principle of thermal equilibrium - Definition of temperature - Thermometers - Adiabatic systems. Joule experiments, Heat - First law of thermodynamics. Internal energy - Thermodynamic transformations. Work and heat
Calorimetry - Isothermal processes. Phase changes - Heat transfer: Conduction, convection, radiation - Thermal expansion of solids and liquids
7 - IDEAL AND REAL GASES
Gas laws. Equation of state of ideal gases - Ideal gas thermometer with constant volume - Transformations of a gas. Work - Heat. Specific heats - Internal energy of the ideal gas - Study of some transformations - Cyclical transformations - Real gases. Equation of state. Internal energy - Van der Waals equation - pV diagrams. PT diagrams Clapeyron formula
8 - SECOND PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS
Statements of the second law of thermodynamics - Reversibility and irreversibility - Carnot's theorem - Absolute thermodynamic temperature - Clausius theorem - The entropy state function
The principle of increase in entropy - Calculation of entropy variations - Ideal gas entropy - Unusable energy
9 - PVT SYSTEMS - THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS
Thermodynamic potentials - General properties of pVT systems - Maxwell relations
10 ELECTROSTATIC FORCE. ELECTROSTATIC FIELD
Electric charges. Insulators and conductors - Electrical structure of the matter - Coulomb's law - Electrostatic field - Electrostatic field produced by a continuous distribution of charges - Electrostatic field strength lines - Motion of a charge in an electrostatic field.
11 ELECTRIC WORK. ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL
Work of the electric force - Voltage, potential - Calculation of the electrostatic potential - Electrostatic potential energy - The field as a potential gradient - Equipotential surfaces - The electrostatic field rotor - The electric dipole - The force on an electric dipole.
12 THE LAW OF GAUSS
Flow of the electrostatic field - Gauss's law - Demonstration of the Gauss's law - Some applications and consequences of the Gauss's law - The divergence of the electrostatic field.
13 CONDUCTORS. DIELECTRIC. ELECTROSTATIC ENERGY
Conductors in equilibrium - Hollow conductor - Electrostatic screen - Capacitors - Connection of capacitors - Energy of the electrostatic field
14 ELECTRIC CURRENT
Electrical conduction - Electric current - Stationary electric current - Electric conduction Ohm's law - Series and parallel resistors - Electromotive force - Generalized Ohm's law - Charge and discharge of a capacitor through a resistor - Displacement current - Kirchhoff's laws for electricity networks
15 MAGNETIC FIELD. MAGNETIC FORCE
Magnetic interaction. Magnetic field - Electricity and magnetism - Magnetic force on a moving charge (Lorentz force) - Magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor - Mechanical moments on plane circuits.
16 SOURCES OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD. LAW OF AMPERE
Magnetic field produced by a current - Calculations of magnetic fields produced by particular circuits: rectilinear wire (Biot-Savart's law), circular loop, solenoid of infinite length - Electrodynamic actions between wires covered by current - Ampère's law - Gauss 'law - Gauss' law for the magnetic field.
17 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS VARIABLE IN TIME
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction - Origin of the induced f.e.m. - Applications of Faraday's law - Self induction - Magnetic energy - Ampère's law - Maxwell's equations in intergal and differential form