Unit PHYSIOPATHOLOGIALBASESOFDISEASES

PHYSIOLOGY II

Code	GP005093
Location	FOLIGNO
CFU	2
Teacher	Luigi Sforna
Teachers	Luigi Sforna
Hours	30 ore - Luigi Sforna
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/09
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

MICROBIOLOGY

Code	GP005094
Location	FOLIGNO
CFU	2
Teacher	Andrea Bartoli
Teachers	Stefano Perito (Codocenza)
Hours	30 ore (Codocenza) - Stefano Perito
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	MED/07
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	italian language
Contents	Microbiology and human health. Prokaryotic cell ed eukaryote. Structure and replication of bacteria. ¿ Host-parasite interaction. Infection, pathogenicity and virulence. ¿ Cultural grounds and methods of treatment of samples clinical, laboratory techniques used in the field bacteriological, with particular attention to the methods of crop isolation and determination of chemosensitivity to antibiotics. Identification of the classes of bacteria most commonly isolated in the Laboratory: Gram-positive Cocci and Gram- negative, Gram-positive Bacilli, Brucelle, Enterobacteria, Vibrions, Spirochetes, Anaerobic bacteria, Bacteria mollicuti, Actinomyceti and Mycobacteria ¿ Structure and metabolism of mycetes; culture exam, isolation and identification of fungi; collection and manipulation of biological samples in diagnostics mycological; pathophysiological characteristics and modalities of identification of the main fungal species involved in human pathology ¿ Viruses and Prions: structure of viral particles, DNA viruses and RNA, classification, replication. Main viruses of human interest. ¿ Parasitology: general information on parasites and diseases caused man
Reference texts	Murray PR, medical microbiology, 7A edition, 2016, 7 edt.
Educational objectives	Full overview of the processes and agents they cause infection in humans.
Prerequisites	Basic knowledge, biology and anatomy
Teaching methods	frontal lessons
Other information	Practical exercises at the complex structure of Microbiology
Learning verification modality	Examen oral
Extended program	The world of microorganisms Prokaryotes / eukaryotes Fundamental structures of the bacterial cell (Gram + and Gram- cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, cytoplasmic membrane, mesosomes) Optional structures of the bacterial cell (capsule, pili, flagella, spore) Metabolism, Nutrition, Bacterial genetics Fungi Protozoa Virus: general virology Structure of viruses Viral replication Viral infections Antiviral drugs. Transmission pathways of infections. Virulence factors of bacteria (toxins, capsule, adhesins, exoenzymes) Communal microbial flora Hints on the immune system (specific and non-specific immunity, phagocytosis cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, hypersensitivity) Vaccines, Serums Antibiotics Antibiotics, Antibiogram Sterilization / Disinfection Special bacteriology: the main kinds of pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus Streptococcus Clostridium Pseudomonas Neisserie Vibrio Salmonella Escherichia coli Legionella Treponema Mycobacterium Helicobacter Virus to RNA: rhinovirus polio virus influenza virus Measles Rubella HIV HAV, HBV, HCV, HPV Herpesvirus Ebola Fungi: Cutaneous skin infections Opportunistic mycosis (Candida albicans) Parasites: Plasmodium of Malaria, Giardia, Trichomonas Clinical Microbiology: Urinary tract infections: urine culture Sexually transmitted diseases: Urethral, ¿¿vaginal, cervical, Meares, Balane-preputial groove swab Infections of the respiratory system: pharyngeal swab, sputum Central nervous system infections: The cefalorachidian liquor Cardio-vascular infections Blood culture Gastrointestinal infections: coproculture, Ocular infections: conjunctival buffer Ear infections: ear swab Hospital infections

GENERALPATHOLOGY AND PHYSIOPATHOLOGY

Code	GP005092
Location	FOLIGNO
CFU	3
Teacher	Andrea Bartoli
Teachers	Andrea Bartoli
Hours	45 ore - Andrea Bartoli
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	MED/04
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	- Molecular Pathology - Major genetic diseases - Diseases to environmental causes - Cellular pathology and cell death - Inflammation - Molecular Oncology - Elements of the pathophysiology of organs and apparatuses
Reference texts	1. G.M. Pontieri. Patologia e fisiopatologia generale. Per i corsi di laurea in professioni sanitarie. Piccin 2.Spector. Introduzione alla Patologia Generale, Casa editrice Ambrosiana 3. Pontieri. Patologia generale, Piccin 4. Robbins. Le basi patologiche delle malattie, Elsevier
Educational objectives	After completing the course students are expected to have acquired basic knowledge to understand the major topics of molecular etiology of the disease, as well as have knowledge of the main aspects of the pathophysiology of organs and systems with particular reference to the specific biological needs during professional employement.
Prerequisites	In order to understand and know how to apply most of the knowledge provided by the teaching it is important to have successfully defended the exams of the first year of the degree course. The student must in fact possess the knowledge of the processes that take place within the cell and within and between the various organs and body systems. Students must know the basics of the profession of nursing.
Teaching methods	Frontal lectures. The lectures are on the whole program of the course of study, but are also on specialized topics that emerge from the specific needs of learners, all in a view of a highly vocational intent of the course. Each lesson has a duration of two hours on a specific topic, but relating it to others already exposed, to allow the student to have an integrated view.
Learning verification modality	According to the demands of the students, even though it is integrated, the exam includes two in itinere oral exames for the Physiology II and for Microbiology and a final examination of General Pathology and Pathophysiology with a final score derived from the mediation between the votes obtainedin the three modules. The oral tests consist of discussions lasting 30 minutes on average of 2 or 3 questions, designed to ascertain: - Level of knowledge of the topics - Ability of understanding, connection and integration of informations -Capacity and exhibition of language
Extended program	1. Introduction to the concept of health and disease. The field of interest of the general pathology. 2. The communication between cells. The structural basis of communication. The cellular signaling: endocrine, autocrine and paracrine. Interactions between cells and matrix. Pathology of cellular signaling. 3. The cell damage and adaptive mechanisms. Causes and mechanisms of intrinsic cellular damage (genetic diseases. Mendelian diseases. Polygenic diseases. Diseases cytogenetics. The molecular diagnosis of genetic diseases and genomics-based) and environmental diseases (Environmental Pollution. Damage to chemical and physical agents. Nutritional diseases. The diseases infectious. Teratogenicity). Morphological and molecular aspects of cell damage. The answer to the subcellular damage. The cellular adaptation. Hypertrophy and ipotrofie. Cell death. 4. Elements of immunology and immunopathology. The acute and chronic inflammation. Acute inflammation. Vascular changes. Cellular events: the exudation and leukocyte phagocytosis. The chemical mediators of inflammation. Chronic inflammation: definition and causes. The role of the lymphatic system and lymphoid tissue in inflammatory processes. Systemic manifestations of the inflammatory process. 5. The healing process. The cell cycle and the control of cell proliferation. The repair to scar. Mechanisms of wound healing. Pathology of healing process. Integration of inflammatory and reparative processes. 6. The tumor and cell transformation. Definitions and nomenclature. Characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms. Malignancies. Cancer epidemiology. Carcinogenesis and the molecular basis of cancer. Biology of the neoplastic proliferation. Etiology of cancer: carcinogens. 7. Essentials of pathophysiology of the blood, the endocrine system, the cardiovascular system, liver, respiratory system, urogenital system.