Unit PATHOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HEALT EDUCATION

MEDICAL GENETICS

Code	GP003922
CFU	1
Teachers	Emilio Donti
Hours	12 ore - Emilio Donti
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	MED/03
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents
Reference texts	GENETICA UMANA E MEDICA Fourth Edition 2017 Neri G., Genuardi M. Ed.: ESRA MASSON GENETICA MEDICA ESSENZIALE Third Edition 2012 Dallapiccola B., Novelli G. Ed. Cic
Educational objectives	Know the biological bases of hereditary traits in the human species. Know how they can be transmitted at cellular and transgeneration level. Understand the causes of genetic diseases and the mechanisms underlying genotype-phenotype correlation.
Prerequisites
Teaching methods
Other information
Learning verification modality	Written test with open and multiple-choise questions
Extended program	PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF GENETIC MATERIAL IN HUMANS Part one: Structural aspects • Cytogenetics: Chromosome number and morphology in the human normal karyotype • Numerical and structural chromosome anomalies • Meiotic behaviour and gamete segregation of reciprocal translocation • Chromosome analysis beyond the microscopy resolution: the Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) technique • The Human Genome after sequencing • Different types of germinal mutation, parent sex and age: a possible correlation with male and female gametogenesis • Molecular bases of structural chromosome rearrangements and of copy number variants (CNV) • Epigenetic clues: chromosome X inactivation and genomic imprinting • Uniparental disomy and disorders of imprinting • Mode of transmission of Mendelian traits in man • Main features of mitochondrial DNA and its relevance in matrilinear inheritance Part two: Functional aspects • Phenotypic effects of mutations: molecular explanation of Mendel’s laws • Main principles of medical genetics: pleiotropy, penetrance and genetic heterogeneity • Interaction among genes: epistasis, digenic and polygenic diseases • Environmental effect on gene expression: the multifactorial inheritance Part three: Applications to the medical practice • Genetic counselling and testing • Reproductive risk evaluation. • Hints of prenatal diagnosis

GENERAL AND APPLIED HYGIEN

Code	GP003919
CFU	1
Teacher	Chiara De Waure
Teachers	Chiara De Waure
Hours	12 ore - Chiara De Waure
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Scienze della prevenzione dei servizi sanitari
Academic discipline	MED/42
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Definition of health and public health, definition and classification of health determinants and preventive interventions. The role of epidemiology in public health. Epidemiology and prevention of communicable and non communicable diseases.
Reference texts	Ricciardi W, et al. [Editors]. Igiene, medicina preventiva, sanità pubblica. Idelson Gnocchi 2013 Signorelli C. [Editor]. Igiene e Sanità pubblica - Secrets - Domande e risposte. Società Editrice Universo 2017
Educational objectives	The aim of the course is to provide students with the knowledge and skills to analyse population health and needs and to properly use preventive interventions.
Prerequisites	Knowledge of secondary school biology
Teaching methods	Lectures
Learning verification modality	Oral test
Extended program	Definition of health and public health, definition and classification of health determinants. Natural history of disease. Prevention: definition, aims, levels (primary, secondary and tertiary) and methods. The role of the epidemiology in the health planning: epidemiological measures and approaches to the study of health. Epidemiology and prevention of communicable diseases: direct (disinfection, sterilization, notification, contingency measures, diagnostic assessment, vaccines) and indirect methods. Epidemiology and prevention of non-communicable diseases: health education and promotion and screening.

GENERAL PATHOLOGY

Code	GP003920
CFU	2
Teachers	Andrea Bartoli (Codocenza)
Hours	24 ore (Codocenza) - Andrea Bartoli
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	MED/04
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	The essential elements of the course are: - molecular pathology - major genetic diseases - diseases from environmental causes - cellular pathology and cell death - Inflammation - Molecular Oncology
Reference texts	1. G.M. Pontieri. Patologia generale. Per i corsi di laurea in professioni sanitarie. Piccin 2.Spector. Introduzione alla Patologia Generale, Casa editrice Ambrosiana 3. Pontieri. Patologia generale, Piccin 4. Robbins. Le basi patologiche delle malattie, Elsevier
Educational objectives	At the end of the course is expected that students have acquired basic knowledge to understand the molecular moments pertaining to the etiopathogenesis of disease.
Prerequisites	In order to fully understand and apply most knowledge of the course it is important and useful having successfully passed the following exams of the first semester, first year: "Molecular Biological Basis", "Morphological and Functional Basis", "Psycological-relational Basis" and "Promotion of health and safety".  Students need, in fact, to know how cells, organs and systems works inside the human body and also to understand the meaning of the therapist care.
Teaching methods	Face to face lectures. The lectures deal the whole program of the course of study, but also specialized topics that emerge from the specific needs of learners, all in view of a highly vocational pourpose. Each lesson has a duration of two hours when it faced a specific subject, related to others already exposed, to allow the student to have an integrated vision.
Other information
Learning verification modality	The exam is made by an oral exam. The oral exam is based on questions on General pathology and consists in a discussion of about 30 minutes.  During this discussion the student must show to have reached a good level of knowledge and comprehension on theory and methods of the programs.  The oral exam will evaluate also the communication, the language and the autonomy skills of the students.  Students can be driven, during the exam, by figures showed in the class lessons. All considered, the exam allows to know the ability to learn, the level of knowledge and the critical ability of the students, beside their capacity to talk and to apply learned knowledge.
Extended program	1. Introduction. The field of interest of the general pathologist. Meaning of general pathology in life sciences, medical and biotechnology. 2. The communication between cells. The structural basis of communication. The cell signaling: endocrine, autocrine and paracrine. The interactions between cells and matrix. Pathology of cellular signaling. 3. The cell damage and adaptive mechanisms. Causes of cell damage. Mechanisms of cell damage. Morphological aspects of cell damage. The subcellular response to injury. The cellular adaptation. Hypertrophy and atrophy. 4. The acute and chronic inflammation. Acute inflammation. Vascular changes. Cellular events: the exudation and leukocyte phagocytosis. The chemical mediators of inflammation. Chronic inflammation: definition and causes. The role of the lymphatic system and lymphoid tissue in inflammatory processes. Systemic manifestations of the inflammatory process. 5. The repair processes. The cell cycle control and cell proliferation. The repair scar. Mechanisms of wound healing. Pathology of the healing process. Integration of inflammatory and reparative processes. 6. Genetic diseases. Mendelian diseases. Polygenic diseases. Cytogenetic disease. The molecular diagnosis of genetic diseases. 7. Diseases from environmental causes. Environmental pollution. Damage to chemical and physical agents. Nutritional diseases. Infectious diseases. 8. Neoplasia and cell transformation. Definitions and nomenclature. Characteristics of benign and malignant. The malignancies. Epidemiology of cancer. Carcinogenesis and the molecular basis of cancer. Biology of the neoplastic proliferation. Etiology of cancer: carcinogens. Host defenses against cancer. The immunity to tumors. Clinical features of malignancy.

GENERAL, CLINICAL AND PEDIATRIC NURSING

Code	GP003921
CFU	1
Teachers	Marco Zucconi (Codocenza)
Hours	12 ore (Codocenza) - Marco Zucconi
Learning activities	Base
Area	Primo soccorso
Academic discipline	MED/45
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)