Unit PATHOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HEALT EDUCATION

MEDICAL GENETICS

Code	GP003922
CFU	1
Teacher	Anair Graciela Lema Fernandez
Teachers	Anair Graciela Lema Fernandez
Hours	12 ore - Anair Graciela Lema Fernandez
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	MED/03
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	- Structural and functional organization of genetic material - Elements of cell biology - Types of mutations - Germinal and somatic origin of hereditary characters - Genetics of transmission and expression - Genetics in Medicine - Cytogenetics - Chromosome analysis techniques - Numerical and structural anomalies -Main techniques for the search for mutations in DNA -Mendel's laws and modes of transmission of characters with simple Mendelian inheritance -Autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance -X-linked inheritance -Main characteristics of mitochondrial DNA and matrilineal inheritance -Uniparental disomy - Imprinting and bases of epigenetics - Phenotypic effect of mutations - Fundamental principles of medical genetics - Interaction between genes - Multifactorial characters - Genetic counseling, types of genetic tests and calculation of reproductive risk - Examples of genetic pathologies associated with speech disorder
Reference texts	Genetica Medica Essenziale, Dallapiccola B, Novelli G, 2012.
Educational objectives	The main objective of the teaching is to provide students with the theoretical principles useful for acquiring basic notions on medical genetics and its applications. The main knowledge acquired will be: the structural and functional organization of the human genome. The mechanisms underlying chromosomal, genomic and monogenic pathologies. Understanding the patterns of Mendelian inheritance and its exceptions. Outline the differences between genetic, polygenic and multifactorial diseases. Acquire the basic knowledge to understand the fundamentals of the clinical and diagnostic approach of genetic testing in Medical Genetics. Acquire basic principles on genetic diagnosis procedures and their applications. Application hints to the genetics of deafness and language delay.
Prerequisites	The course requires basic biology knowledge (The fundamental molecules of biology, notions on the cell structure, cell cycle, etc.)
Teaching methods	Lectures on all subjects of the couse.
Other information
Learning verification modality	Written test (multiple choice and open questions)
Extended program	Part I: Biological basis of human genetics - Structural and functional organization of genetic material - Elements of cell biology - Types of mutations - Germinal and somatic origin of hereditary characters - Genetics of transmission and expression - Genetics in Medicine Part II: Genetic basis of inheritance - Cytogenetics - Chromosome analysis techniques: classical and molecular cytogenetics (FISH, CGH-array) - Numerical chromosomal anomalies - Structural chromosomal anomalies - Molecular basis of chromosomal and genomic anomalies (CNV) - Main techniques to identify DNA mutations Part III: Mendelian inheritance and atypical mechanisms of inheritance - Mendel's laws and modalities of transmission of characters with simple Mendelian inheritance - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Autosomal recessive inheritance - X-linked inheritance; Inactivation of the X chromosome - Main characteristics of mitochondrial DNA and matrilineal inheritance - Uniparental disomy - Genomic imprinting and basis of epigenetics Part IV: Functional aspects - Phenotypic effect of mutations: molecular interpretation of Mendelism - Fundamental principles of medical genetics: pleiotropism; penetrance; expressiveness; genetic heterogeneity: allelic and locus -Interaction between genes: epistaxis; digenic, oligogenic and polygenic pathology - Multifactorial characters: physiological and pathological Part V: Diagnosis and prevention of genetic diseases - Genetic counseling, types of genetic tests and calculation of reproductive risk - Application examples in speech therapy

GENERAL AND APPLIED HYGIEN

Code	GP003919
CFU	1
Teacher	Chiara De Waure
Teachers	Chiara De Waure
Hours	12 ore - Chiara De Waure
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Scienze della prevenzione dei servizi sanitari
Academic discipline	MED/42
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Definition of health and public health, definition and classification of health determinants and preventive interventions. The role of epidemiology in public health. Epidemiology and prevention of communicable and non communicable diseases.
Reference texts	Ricciardi W et al. [Editor]. Igiene per le lauree triennali e magistrali. Idelson Gnocchi 2019
Educational objectives	The aim of the course is to provide students with the knowledge and skills to analyse population health and needs and to properly use preventive interventions.
Prerequisites	Knowledge of secondary school biology
Teaching methods	Lectures
Learning verification modality	Oral test
Extended program	Definition of health and public health, definition and classification of health determinants. Natural history of disease. Prevention: definition, aims, levels (primary, secondary and tertiary) and methods. The role of the epidemiology in the health planning: epidemiological measures and approaches to the study of health. Epidemiology and prevention of communicable diseases: direct (disinfection, sterilization, notification, contingency measures, diagnostic assessment, vaccines) and indirect methods. Epidemiology and prevention of non-communicable diseases: health education and promotion and screening.

GENERAL PATHOLOGY

Code	GP003920
CFU	2
Teacher	Andrea Bartoli
Teachers	Andrea Bartoli
Hours	24 ore - Andrea Bartoli
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	MED/04
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	The essential elements of the course are: - molecular pathology - major genetic diseases - diseases from environmental causes - cellular pathology and cell death - Inflammation - Molecular Oncology
Reference texts	1. G.M. Pontieri. Patologia generale. Per i corsi di laurea in professioni sanitarie. Piccin 2.Spector. Introduzione alla Patologia Generale, Casa editrice Ambrosiana 3. Pontieri. Patologia generale, Piccin 4. Robbins. Le basi patologiche delle malattie, Elsevier
Educational objectives	At the end of the course is expected that students have acquired basic knowledge to understand the molecular moments pertaining to the etiopathogenesis of disease.
Prerequisites	In order to fully understand and apply most knowledge of the course it is important and useful having successfully passed the following exams of the first semester, first year: "Molecular Biological Basis", "Morphological and Functional Basis", "Psycological-relational Basis" and "Promotion of health and safety".  Students need, in fact, to know how cells, organs and systems works inside the human body and also to understand the meaning of the therapist care.
Teaching methods	Face to face lectures. The lectures deal the whole program of the course of study, but also specialized topics that emerge from the specific needs of learners, all in view of a highly vocational pourpose. Each lesson has a duration of two hours when it faced a specific subject, related to others already exposed, to allow the student to have an integrated vision.
Other information
Learning verification modality	The exam is made by an oral exam. The oral exam is based on questions on General pathology and consists in a discussion of about 30 minutes.  During this discussion the student must show to have reached a good level of knowledge and comprehension on theory and methods of the programs.  The oral exam will evaluate also the communication, the language and the autonomy skills of the students.  Students can be driven, during the exam, by figures showed in the class lessons. All considered, the exam allows to know the ability to learn, the level of knowledge and the critical ability of the students, beside their capacity to talk and to apply learned knowledge.
Extended program	1. Introduction. The field of interest of the general pathologist. Meaning of general pathology in life sciences, medical and biotechnology. 2. The communication between cells. The structural basis of communication. The cell signaling: endocrine, autocrine and paracrine. The interactions between cells and matrix. Pathology of cellular signaling. 3. The cell damage and adaptive mechanisms. Causes of cell damage. Mechanisms of cell damage. Morphological aspects of cell damage. The subcellular response to injury. The cellular adaptation. Hypertrophy and atrophy. 4. The acute and chronic inflammation. Acute inflammation. Vascular changes. Cellular events: the exudation and leukocyte phagocytosis. The chemical mediators of inflammation. Chronic inflammation: definition and causes. The role of the lymphatic system and lymphoid tissue in inflammatory processes. Systemic manifestations of the inflammatory process. 5. The repair processes. The cell cycle control and cell proliferation. The repair scar. Mechanisms of wound healing. Pathology of the healing process. Integration of inflammatory and reparative processes. 6. Genetic diseases. Mendelian diseases. Polygenic diseases. Cytogenetic disease. The molecular diagnosis of genetic diseases. 7. Diseases from environmental causes. Environmental pollution. Damage to chemical and physical agents. Nutritional diseases. Infectious diseases. 8. Neoplasia and cell transformation. Definitions and nomenclature. Characteristics of benign and malignant. The malignancies. Epidemiology of cancer. Carcinogenesis and the molecular basis of cancer. Biology of the neoplastic proliferation. Etiology of cancer: carcinogens. Host defenses against cancer. The immunity to tumors. Clinical features of malignancy.

GENERAL, CLINICAL AND PEDIATRIC NURSING

Code	GP003921
CFU	1
Teacher	Mirella Giontella
Teachers	Mirella Giontella
Hours	12 ore - Mirella Giontella
Learning activities	Base
Area	Primo soccorso
Academic discipline	MED/45
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	HYGIENE AND PREVENTION OF INFECTIONS IN CARE SETTINGS 2. VITAL PARAMETERS 3. CAPILLARY SAMPLING PROCEDURE FOR BLOOD GLUCOSE OR HEMOGLUCOTEST 4. SIMPLE FLAT DRESSINGS 5. DISABILITY, IMMOBILITY 6. CONVULSIONS IN THE CHILD
Reference texts	L. Saiani, A. Brugnolli " Treatise on Nursing" I-II Vol. 3rd Edition Idelson-Gnocchi 2021 Recommended reads: - L. Mortari, L. Saiani Gestures and care thoughts - McGraw Hill – Milan 2013
Educational objectives	Identify situations that require hand washing; use standard precautions correctly, including the application and removal of personal protective equipment; Define vital parameters and detection procedures Know the physiological values of vital parameters in adults/children; Know the procedure for making a glicermic stick; Know how to make simple dressings on adults/children; Learn about techniques for mobilizing the carer in bed, in an armchair and in a wheelchair; Know the care procedures on the child with seizures.
Prerequisites	no requirement
Teaching methods	lectures tutorials
Other information	None
Learning verification modality	oral exam
Extended program	1. HYGIENE AND PREVENTION OF INFECTIONS IN CARE SETTINGS • Reference legislation • Requirements Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), employer obligations, worker obligations, classification of biological agents • Gloves: types, requirements and indications • Masks: types, requirements and indications • Glasses and face protectors: types, requirements and indications • Gowns: types, requirements and indications Footwear: types and requirements • How to wear PPE and how to remove PPE • PPE for different care settings with positive COVID -19 assisted - HAND WASHING AND CARE-RELATED INFECTIONS (ICA) • Bacterial flora: transient, resident • Transmission: 5 sequential transmission conditions • ICA: epidemiology, causes, main pathogens, consequence • Hand washing: when, 5 key who moments, difficulty • Types of washing: social, antiseptic, alcoholic clutch • Exercises 2. VITAL PARAMETERS • Blood pressure: definition, reference range, alterations and detection • Heart rate: definition, detection sites, detection mode • Respiratory rate: definition, alterations, detection • Body temperature: definition, sites, alterations, detection • Small group tutorial 3. CAPILLARY SAMPLING PROCEDURE FOR BLOOD GLUCOSE OR HEMOGLUCOTEST • Tutorial 4. SIMPLE FLAT DRESSINGS • Wound: definition, types of wounds, classification • Excoriation: definition, type of dressing, how to medicate • Cutting wounds: definition, type of dressing, how to medicate • Simple dressing: general objectives 5. DISABILITY, IMMOBILITY • Techniques for mobilising the assisted person with mobility deficits 6. CONVULSIONS IN THE CHILD • Seizures: definition, difference with epilepsy, main causes • Febrile seizures: types, classification • How to manage a convulsion