Unit BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLIED PHYSICS

HUMAN ANATOMY

Code	GP005087
CFU	3
Teacher	Alessandra Pistilli
Teachers	Alessandra Pistilli
Hours	45 ore - Alessandra Pistilli
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/16
Type of study-unit
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Gross anatomy of the major organs and systems, topographical relationships between the structures, notions of microscopic anatomy
Reference texts	Martini, Timmons, Tallitsch: ANATOMIA UMANA EdiSES Seeley ANATOMIA, Sorbona Ambrosi ed altri Autori: ANATOMIA DELL’UOMO, edi-ermes
Educational objectives	Knowledgement of basic concepts of human anatomy
Prerequisites	To effectively follow and understand the topics covered in the course of Human Anatomy is necessary that the student has the basic concepts of Biology
Teaching methods	Frontal Lectures
Other information	All the didactical materials and information of the exam and the course are available in Unistudium
Learning verification modality	Oral examination
Extended program	Main elements of anatomical terminology (positions, planes, axes, etc..) Cardiovascular System: Large and small circulation, the heart, the serous pericardium, conduction system, blood vessels and their structure, the main branches of the aorta and vena cava. Lymphatic system: lymph vessels, lymph nodes, thoracic duct). Hematopoietic and lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus, spleen Respiratory System: Nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs (pulmonary lobule structure), pleura. Muscles of respiration. Digestive System: buccal cavity, teeth, tongue, organ of taste, the major salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (intestinal villus structure), large intestine, liver (hepatic lobule structure), portal vein system, pancreas exocrine, peritoneum. Urinary System: Kidneys (structure of the nephron), urinary tract infection. Male Reproductive System: the testes, sperm ducts and glands. Female Reproductive System: ovary, fallopian tubes, uterus. Introduction to general embryology. Nervous System: Central nervous system: spinal cord, brain (bulb, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, diencephalon, telencephalon). Peripheral nervous system: origin and formation of the spinal nerves and cranial nerves, peripheral notes on their distribution. Sensory pathways and motor paths. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic. Endocrine System: Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pineal gland, adrenal glands, endocrine pancreas, testis and ovary as endocrine glands.

BIOCHEMISTRY

Code	GP003724
CFU	2
Teacher	Davide Chiasserini
Teachers	Davide Chiasserini
Hours	30 ore - Davide Chiasserini
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/10
Type of study-unit
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Chemical bonds. Solutions. Functional groups of organic molecules. Molecules of biological interest. Metabolic pathways. Krebs cycle. Respiratory chain. Oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and aminoacids.
Reference texts	Biochimica e Biologia per le professioni sanitarie - Roberti, Alunni-Bistocchi, Antognelli, Talesa - McGraw-Hill Le basi della biochimica-Champe-Ferrier-Zanichelli Chimica e biochimica-Samaja-Paroni-Piccin Chimica e Biochimica- Bertoldi- Colombo-Magni-Marin-Palestini-EdiSES Nelson-Cox Introduzione alla Biochimica di Lehninger-Zanichelli
Educational objectives	The main aim of this course is to provide students with the knowledge of basic properties of biological systems and of the mechanisms controlling cellular homeostasis. Main knowledge acquired will be: - properties of water and its importance as cell solvent; - chemical components of cell; - properties of solutions, physiological solutions, buffers; - functional groups of organic molecules and their reactivity; - energy transfer in biochemical transformations; - structure and function of molecules involved in cell metabolism; -main metabolic transformations; - hormonal regulation of metabolism in feeding and fasting. The main competence will be: - to evaluate the nature and properties of reagents and solutions usually employed in professional practice; - to understand the general metabolic behaviour in physiopathological conditions
Prerequisites	For an effective understanding of the topics of Biochemistry, the basic knowledge at high school level of Chemistry and Biology is required. In particular, general knowledge of cell structure, atomic structure, simple inorganic and organic molecules structure, are mandatory.
Teaching methods	The course is organized in lectures on all the subjects. Students are stimulated to interact with the teacher during the lectures.
Other information	Location: Polo didattico S. Andrea delle fratte-Centro didattico Office: D Building, Second floor, room U41, via Gambuli, S. Andrea delle Fratte
Learning verification modality	The exam consists of an oral examination relative to topics of the course The oral exam aims to assess the level of knowledge of the subjects of the course, and the ability to make connections and integrate knowledge, also in relation to the midwife professional activity. The oral exam will also test the student communication skills. Information on support services for students with physical or learning disability are available on http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Extended program	PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY. Basics of atomic structure and periodic table of the elements. The chemical bond: homopolar and heteropolar covalent bonds, donor-acceptor bond, electrostatic bonds, hydrogen bond. Biologically relevant inorganic compounds. Notes on the states of the matter. Properties of liquids, vapor pressure. Solutions: concentration units. Osmotic pressure and osmotic concentration. Physiological solution. Strong and weak electrolytes, the chemical equilibrium. Acids and bases. The ionic product of water, pH, pH of acid, base, and salt solutions; buffer solutions. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Oxidation state of carbon in the organic compounds. Hybridization of carbon and functional groups of organic molecules. Hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, amines, carboxylic acids, esters, amides. ELEMENTS OF GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY. Carbohydrates. Structure and properties of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The glyosidic bond. Carbohydrates of physiologic significance: glucose, fructose, ribose, sucrose, lactose, starch, cellulose, glycogen. Lipids. Structure and properties of fatty acids, acylglycerols, phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol. Aminoacids. Proteins: structural organization, classification, functions. Denaturation of proteins. Fibrous proteins: keratin and collagen. Structure and functions of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Oxygen transport. Physiologic and pathologic hemoglobin. Reaction rate. Enzymes as biological catalysts. Effect of substrate concentration, pH, and temperature. Notes on enzyme activity regulation. Clinical importance of enzymes in serum. Notes on vitamins and coenzymes (NAD, FAD). ELEMENTS OF METABOLIC BIOCHEMISTRY. Overview of metabolic pathways: anabolism, catabolism, linear and cyclic pathways. ATP: structure and role in the metabolism. Notes on bioenergetics. The metabolism of carbohydrates. Digestion and absorption of sugars. Glycolysis, metabolism of glycogen, and gluconeogenesis. The hormonal control of blood glucose (insulin, glucagon, epinephrine). The Krebs cycle. The respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. The metabolism of fats. Digestion, absorption, and storage of dietary lipids. Lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Biosynthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerols. Hormonal control of lipolysis and lipogenesis (insulin and glucagon). Lipid transport and plasma lipoproteins. Ketone bodies. The metabolism of proteins and aminoacids. Protein digestion and aminoacid absorption. Transamination and deamination reactions. Ureagenesis. The metabolic fate of aminoacid carbon skeleton.

APPLIED PHYSICS

Code	GP003717
CFU	2
Teacher	Marta Marcantonini
Teachers	Marta Marcantonini
Hours	30 ore - Marta Marcantonini
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze propedeutiche
Academic discipline	FIS/07
Type of study-unit
Language of instruction	Italiano
Contents	Introduction to kinematics. MRU. MRUA. MRUD. Law of falling bodies. Parabolic motion of a projectile. Simple harmonic motion. Uniform circular motion. Introduction to Dynamic. Laws of dynamics. Momentum. Work. Power. Kinetic and potential energy. System of material points. Shocks. Rigid body. Statics and Dynamics of Fluids. Pressure. Pascal's principle. Hydraulic press. Stevin's law. Archimedes' principle. Properties of fluids. Ideal fluid. Regimes of motion of fluids. Continuity equation. Bernoulli's law. Introduction to Waves and all 'optics. Introduction ultrasound. Elettromagnetiche.Calore waves and temperature. Introduction to Radiation Protection.
Reference texts	Didactic material used for the lesson
Educational objectives	The student should acquire knowledge of the principles and physical phenomena relevant in the health sector and in particular in the field of obstetrics gynecology, basic elements of radiation protection.
Prerequisites	No
Teaching methods	Frontal lesson.
Other information	No
Learning verification modality	written exam
Extended program	Introduction to Physics. The experimental method. General law and physical quantities. Unit measurement or sample. Fundamental and derived quantities. Unit measurement Systems. Direct, indirect and with calibrated instruments measures. Measurement error. Average value. Scalars and vectors. Vector operations. Introduction to kinematics. Graphical representation of motion. Position vector. Average speed, instantaneous. Time law of motion. Average, instantaneous acceleration. URM. ARUM.DURM. Law of falling bodies. Parabolic motion of a projectile. Simple harmonic motion. Uniform circular motion. Introduction to Dynamic. Laws of dynamics. Inertial system. Weight force. Law of gravitation. Inertial and gravitational mass. Reaction forces. Friction forces. Elastic force. Momentum. Work. Power. Kinetic and potential energy. Kinetic energy theorem. Conservative forces. Principle of conservation of mechanical energy. Non-conservative forces. Work of non-conservative forces. System of material points. Center of mass. Theorem of the motion of the center of mass. Conservation of momentum. Shocks. Rigid body. Moment of a force about a point. Moment of a system of forces with respect to a point. Pair of forces. Equilibrium of a rigid system. Center of gravity. Types of motion of a rigid body. Moment of inertia of a body relative to an axis. Statics and Dynamics of Fluids. Pressure. Pascal's principle. Viscosity. Hydraulic press. Stevin's law. Communicating vessels. Archimedes' principle. Properties of fluids. Atmospheric pressure. Torricelli's experiment. Ideal fluid. Regimes of motion of fluids. Motorcycles Bernoulli. Current lines. Flow tube. Continuity equation. Bernoulli's law. Introduction to Waves and all 'optics. Properties of waves. Reflection. Refraction. Diffraction. Huygens' principle. Sound waves. Ultrasound. Introduction ultrasound. Electromagnetic waves. Heat and Temperature. Introduction to Radiation Protection.

HISTOLOGY

Code	GP003945
CFU	1
Teacher	Giovanni Luca
Teachers	Giovanni Luca
Hours	15 ore - Giovanni Luca
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/17
Type of study-unit
Language of instruction	Italian
Reference texts	1) Istologia per le professioni sanitarie. Autori vari. Idelson-Gnocchi Ed., 2018 2) M. De Felici, C. Boitani, M. Bouché, R. Canipari, A. Dolfi, A. Filippini, A. Musarò, G. Popaccio, A. Salustri. Embriologia Umana Morfogenesi - Processi Molecolari - Aspetti Clinici, Eds: Piccin, Terza Edizione, 2020.
Educational objectives	To know the distribution of tissues, their main structural and functional characteristics and their cellular organization. To Know the main histological techniques. To Know how to correlate cellular activities and the structural and ultrastructural organization of cells and tissues to their main functional activities. Acquire and know how to use the hystological terminology as a basis for a definition and critical interpretation of morphological knowledge. Demonstrate the ability to recognize tissues, based on their organization through common microscopic observation techniques.
Teaching methods	Conventional
Learning verification modality	Oral Exam
Extended program	HISTOLOGY Methods to study the tissues 1) Definition and classification of tissues. 2) Epithelial tissue: - generality; - Lining epithelia: structure, functions and classification; examples of anatomical distribution. Differentiations of free surfaces (cilia, microvilli, stereocilia). Notes on joining systems. Epidermis; - Exocrine glandular epithelia: classification and examples according to the degree of duct branching, adenomere shape, the terms of issue of the secretion, the chemical composition of the secretion; - Endocrine glandular epithelia: secretion mode and nature of the hormones. Notes on cytologic and histologic and functional features of the endocrine glands. Testis and ovary hystology: spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis; 3) Connective tissue: - Structural organization; its own cells and the extracellular matrix components (collagen fibers, elastic and reticular substance and amorphous - proteoglycans and glycoproteins); - Connective tissue proper: the cell types, extracellular matrix, classification, function and anatomical distribution of different types. - Specialized connective tissues: a) cartilaginous tissue: cell types, the cartilaginous matrix, classification (hyaline, elastic, fibrous, and chondroid cordoide), functions and anatomical distribution of cartilage. The perichondrium. b) bone: macro and microscopic organization. Features and compact bone and spongy bone distribution; cell types; the bone matrix. The periosteum and endosteum. c) Blood: The figurative elements - erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets (morphology, function and life time ); serum and plasma. hematocrit value. Differential count. 4) Adipose tissue: histogenesis, structure and function. 5) Nervous tissue: structure, ultrastructure, function and location. morphological characteristics of the neuron. Structure and function of the myelin sheath. The cells of the neuroglia. The white matter and gray matter. nerve fibers and peripheral nerves; epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium. 6) Muscle tissue: a) the skeletal striated muscle tissue; integration with connective tissue (endomysium, perimysium and epimysium); Structural and ultrastructural characteristics of striated skeletal muscle fiber; triad; motor end plate; b) cardiac striated muscle tissue: ultrastructural characteristics of cardiac striated muscle fiber; intercalated discs; dyad; c) smooth muscle tissue: ultrastructural characters, functions and distribution of smooth muscle cells. d) The muscle contraction. EMBRIOLOGY: A) Medical Embryology 1)Spermatogenesis. 2) Folliculogenesis and oogenesis. ovarian and uterine cycle. 3) fertilization and segmentation. 4) The first and second week of development: segmentation system and its anomalies and bilaminar embryo. 5) Third week of development: gastrulation and trilaminar embryo. 6) Fourth week of development: growth, organzzazione of germ layers, defining the body of the embryo and early organogenesis. 7) Sex Differentiation; 7) Placenta and twins.