Unit ANATOMY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS

SWINE AND CARNIVORE ANATOMY

Code	GP005386
CFU	3
Teacher	Luisa Pascucci
Teachers	Luisa Pascucci
Hours	30 ore - Luisa Pascucci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline della struttura e funzione degli organismi animali
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	During this course, the structural and topographic differences of organs and systems of carnivores and pigs will be emphasized and compared to those described for the horse. Power Point presentations will be used and provided to students by Unistudium plathform.
Reference texts	Pelagalli Gaetano V., Virgilio Botte - Anatomia veterinaria sistematica e comparata - Edi. Ermes Barone R., Anatomia Comparata dei Mammiferi Domestici, EDAGRICOLE K.M. Dyce, W.O. Sack, C.J.G. Wensing - Testo di Anatomia veterinaria - Antonio Delfino Editore - Vol. I e II
Educational objectives	KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY The student has to demonstrate an adequate knowledge of the organogenesis, of the macroscopic and microscopic structure, of the vascularization and innervation of all the organs and systems of the carnivores and of the pig. He will also has to know the regional topography and the spatial relationships between the different anatomical structures. ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING At the end of the course the student must have developed the following skills: - ability to identify organs and apparatus of carnivores and pigs in histological preparations, models, viscera and cadavers; - identification of the different body regions; - acquisition of an analytical dissection technique; - familiarity with normal structures essential to the recognition of pathological conditions; AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT The student must be able to argue critically and independently the information provided by the teacher during the lessons and those derived from the recommended texts. COMMUNICATION SKILLS At the end of the training activity, the student must be able to organize and expose the acquired knowledge supporting them with argumentative rigor, completeness, language properties, depth of analysis and connection skills both in written and oral form. LIFELONG LEARNING SKILLS At the end of the training the student will be able to: - correlate, integrate and manage the acquired knowledge autonomously and in interdisciplinary fields; - use what has learned also in contexts not usual for the profession, including research; - understand the contents of the subsequent teachings such as physiology and pathological anatomy, inspection, medical, surgical and obstetric clinic, instrumental imaging diagnostics.
Teaching methods	The course is organized as follows: -26 hours of classroom lectures on all topics of the course; - 4 hours of practical lessons in the dissecting room for the observation and recognition of organs and cadavers of carnivores and swine. At the end of the planned practical lessons, students will have the opportunity to make revisions of organs before the exams.
Extended program	During this course, the structural and topographic differences of organs and systems of carnivores and pigs will be emphasized and compared to those described for the horse. Power Point presentations will be used and provided to students by Unistudium plathform. THEORETICAL LESSONS - CARNIVORES Cardio-vascular system: descriptive and topographic anatomy of heart and blood vessels. Systemic and pumonary circulation (3 hours). Lymphatic system: lymphatic circulation, primary and secondary lymphatic organs (thymus, lymph nodes and spleen), diffuse lymphatic system. (2 hours). Respiratory system: descriptive and topographical anatomy of nostrils, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea and Lungs (2 hours). Digestive system: Descriptive and topographic anatomy of the mouth and its annexes, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver and pancreas (3 hours). Urinary System: descriptive and topographic anatomy of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra (1 hour). Femal Reproductive System: descriptive and topographical anatomy of ovary, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, vestibulus and vulva (2 hours). Male Reproductive System: descriptive and topographic anatomy of testicles, epididymis, deferent duct, urethra, glands, penis (1,5 hours). Endocrine system: pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid, adrenal gland, endocrine pancreas, diffuse endocrine system (1 hour). Integumentary system: skin and annexes (0,5 hours) PRACTICAL LESSONS - CARNIVORES Practical activity on dog and cat cadavers: macroscopic morphology and topography of the organs of the head, neck and thoracic cavity with ventral and lateral approach (1 hour). Practical activity on dog and cat cadavers: macroscopic morphology and topography of the abdominal and pelvis organs with ventral and lateral approach (1 hour). THEORETICAL LESSONS - SWINE Cardio-circulatory system: Descriptive and topographic anatomy of the heart and blood vessels. Systemic and pulmonary circulation (1 hour). Lymphatic system: lymphatic circulation, primary and secondary lymphatic organs (thymus, lymph nodes and spleen), diffuse lymphatic system (1 hour). Respiratory system: descriptive and topographic anatomy of nostrils, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea and lungs (1 hour). Digestive system: descriptive and topographical anatomy of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, pancreas. (2 hours). Urinary system: descriptive and topographical anatomy of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra (1 hour). Female Reproductive system: descriptive and topographic anatomy of ovary, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, vestibulus and vulva (1,5 hours). Male Reproductive System: descriptive and topographic anatomy of the testicle, epididymis, deferent duct, glands, penis (1,5 hours). Endocrine system: pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid, adrenal gland, endocrine pancreas, diffuse endocrine system (0,5 hours). Integumentary system: skin and annexes (0,5 hours). PRACTICAL LESSONS - SWINE Practical activity on swine viscera: heart, trachea and lungs, stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver, spleen, male and female reproductive system (1 hour). Dissection of pigs' cadavers(1 hour).

RUMINANT ANATOMY

Code	GP005387
CFU	3
Teacher	Luisa Pascucci
Teachers	Luisa Pascucci
Hours	30 ore - Luisa Pascucci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline della struttura e funzione degli organismi animali
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Structural characteristics of ruminant organs and apparatus, compared to those of horses as described in the General Anatomy.
Reference texts	Pelagalli Gaetano V., Virgilio Botte - Anatomia veterinaria sistematica e comparata - Edi. Ermes R. Barone, Anatomia Comparata dei Mammiferi Domestici, EDAGRICOLE K.M. Dyce, W.O. Sack, C.J.G. Wensing - Testo di Anatomia veterinaria - Antonio Delfino Editore - Vol. I e II
Educational objectives	D1. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY The student has to demonstrate an adequate knowledge of the organogenesis, of the macroscopic and microscopic structure, of the vascularization and innervation of all the organs and systems of Ruminants. He will also has to know the regional topography and the spatial relationships between the different anatomical structures. D2. ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING At the end of the course the student must have developed the following skills: - ability to identify organs and apparatus of Ruminants in histological preparations, models, viscera and cadavers; - identification of the different body regions; - acquisition of an analytical dissection technique; - familiarity with normal structures essential to the recognition of pathological conditions; D3. AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT The student must be able to argue critically and independently the information provided by the teacher during the lessons and those derived from the recommended texts. D4. COMMUNICATION SKILLS At the end of the training activity, the student must be able to organize and expose the acquired knowledge supporting them with argumentative rigor, completeness, language properties, depth of analysis and connection skills both in written and oral form. D5. LEARNING SKILLS At the end of the training the student will be able to: - correlate, integrate and manage the acquired knowledge autonomously and in interdisciplinary fields; - use what has learned also in contexts not usual for the profession, including research; - understand the contents of the subsequent teachings such as physiology and pathological anatomy, inspection, medical, surgical and obstetric clinic, instrumental imaging diagnostics.
Teaching methods	Theoretical activity on all the subjects of the course at Polo Didattico. Practical activity in the Light Microscopy laboratory (classroom VIII of the Polo Didattico) for observation and identification of tissue sections referring to the lectures. Practical activity in a specific classroom of the Polo Didattico for the vision and recognition of organs of ruminants. Practical activity in the classroom IX of the Polo Didattico for the observation of anatomical models, with particular interest for that of ruminants
Extended program	THEORETICAL LESSONS -Digestive system: Oral cavity and esophagus (1 hour) Liver (1 hour) Rumen, reticulum, omasum and glandular stomach (3 hours) Small and large intestine (2 hours) -Respiratory apparatus Nasal, rhinopharyngeal and laryngeal cavities (2 hours) Trachea and lungs (2 hours) -Male and female genital apparatus Testicle (0.5 hours) Epididymis (0.5 hours) Urethra, glands and penis (1 hour) Ovary (1 hour) Oviduct and uterus (2 hours) -Cardio-circulatory apparatus Heart (1 hour) Arterial circulation (1.5 hours) Venous circulation (1.5 hours) -Lymphatic apparatus Lymph node (1 hour) Spleen (1 hour) -Urinary tract Kidney (1 hour) Ureter, bladder and urethra (1 hour) -Integumentary apparatus with the breast gland Cute and attached structures (0.5 hours) Breast gland (1.5 hours) PRACTICAL LESSONS Sector room, vision of ruminant anatomical preparations - 1 hour for 4 Sector room, vision of ruminant anatomical preparations - 1 hour for 4 Classroom IX, vision of anatomical models (comparison between ruminant model and that of other animal species) - 1 hour for 4 Classroom VIII, visualization of histological sections of aglandular stomachs - 1 hour for 4

ANATOMY OF BIRDS AND LABORATORY ANIMALS

Code	A000590
CFU	2
Teacher	Francesca Mercati
Teachers	Francesca Mercati
Hours	20 ore - Francesca Mercati
Learning activities	Affine/integrativa
Area	Attività formative affini o integrative
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	This module is aimed to teach the macroscopic and microscopic morphology and topography of the systems of birds, rodents and lagomorphs . Digestive system and glands, urinary tract, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, male and female genital system.
Reference texts	K.M.Dyce, W.O. Sack, C.J.G. Wensing. Testo di Anatomia Veterinaria. Antonio Delfino Editore Pelagalli Gateano V., Virgilio Botte. Anatomia veterinaria sistematica e comparata - Edi. Ermes Cozzi, C.Ballarin, A.Peruffo, F.Carù. Anatomia degli animali da laboratorio. - Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Educational objectives	D1 - KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The student must: - know the apparatus and the organs of birds, rodents and lagomorphs. - know the topography and the spatial relationships of the organs, their macroscopic aspect and microscopic structure. D2 - APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING At the end of the training the student will be able to: - describe in detail the organs and anatomical structures of birds, rodents and lagomorphs. - describe the topographic location, the macroscopic and microscopic features of the organs. - recognize an apparatus and an organ by means of direct macroscopic evaluation. - recognize an organ by means its histological characteristics through the use of an optical microscope. D3 - MAKING JUDGMENT At the end of the training the student will be able to: - assess the normal appearance of an apparatus of birds, rodents and lagomorphs. - assess the normal macroscopic and microscopic appearance of an organ of birds, rodents and lagomorphs. D4 – COMMUNICATION At the end of the training the student will be able to: - present in an appropriate and complete way the acquired knowledge demonstrating to apply a correct description of an anatomical structure. - demonstrate language properties through the use of the correct anatomical terminology. D5 – LIFELONG LEARNING SKILLS At the end of the training the student will be able to: - consult and understand scientific texts and publications, related to the anatomy of domestic and laboratory animals. - possess a sufficient mastery of the subject to guarantee an acceptable basis for continuing the course of study.
Teaching methods	The course is organized as follows: - Lectures on all subjects of the course; Lectures will be carried out through Power Point slides that will be made available to the students in Unistudium. - Exercises at the light microscope room of the teaching center (polo didattico) to observe histological preparations of birds, rodents and lagomorphs. - Exercises at the teaching center (polo didattico) to observe organs of birds, rodents and lagomorphs. Students will be divided in groups and there will be tutorials.
Extended program	This module is aimed to teach the macroscopic and microscopic morphology and topography of the organs and systems of birds, rodents and lagomorphs. BIRDS ANATOMY - Integumentary system: skin and annexes (1 hour) Cardio-vascular (1 hour) and respiratory systems (2 hours). Digestive system (2 hour). Urinary system (1 hour). Male and female reproductive system (2 hours). Lymphatic system (1 hour). ANATOMY OF LABORATORY ANIMALS - General characteristics of the main species of interest: rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit (1 hour). Integumentary system (1 hour). Cardio-vascular and respiratory system (2 hours). Digestive system (1 hour), uro-genital apparatus. Nervous system (2 hours). PRACTICAL LESSONS: dissection of chicken and rabbit cadavers (2 hours). Observation of histological slides (1 hour).

GENERAL ANATOMY (HORSE REFERENCE SPECIES)

Code	A000589
CFU	6
Teacher	Cecilia Dall'aglio
Teachers	Cecilia Dall'aglio
Hours	60 ore - Cecilia Dall'aglio
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline della struttura e funzione degli organismi animali
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Embryogenesis, macro- and microscopic morphology, topography of the following Anatomical systems: cardio-vascular, lymphatic, digestive, respiratory, genito -urinary, nervous, sense organs, endocrine glands.
Reference texts	Textbook: Robert Barone "Anatomia Comparata dei Mammiferi Domestici" ed. Edagricole K.M. Dyce, W.O. Sack, C.J.G. Wensing "testo di Anatomia veterinaria" Vol. I e II Antonio Delfino Editore – During the theoretical activity, slides are used and then made available to the students
Educational objectives	D1 - KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING At the end of the training the student must: - know the apparatus and the organs of horses. - know the topography and the spatial relationships of the organs, their macroscopic aspect and microscopic structure. D2 - APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING At the end of the training the student must: - be able to describe in detail the organs and anatomical structures of horses. - be able to describe the topographic location, the macroscopic and microscopic features of the organs. - be able to recognize an apparatus and an organ by means of direct macroscopic evaluation. - be able to recognize an organ by means of its histological characteristics through the use of an optical microscope. D3 - MAKING JUDGMENT At the end of the training the student must: - be able to assess the normal appearance of an apparatus of horses. - be able to assess the normal macroscopic and microscopic appearance of an organ of horses. D4 – COMMUNICATION At the end of the training the student must: - be able to present in an appropriate and complete way the acquired knowledge demonstrating to apply a correct description of an anatomical structure. - be able to demonstrate language properties through the use of the correct anatomical terminology. D5 – LIFELONG LEARNING SKILLS At the end of the training the student must: - be able to consult and understand scientific texts and publications, related to the anatomy of horses and domestic. - possess a sufficient mastery of the subject to guarantee an acceptable basis for continuing the course of study.
Teaching methods	Theoretical activity on all subjects of the course in a classroom of the Polo Didattico. Practical activity in the Optical Microscopy laboratory (classroom VIII of the Polo Didattico) for the observation and identification of microscopic anatomy sections referring to the lectures. Practical activity in a specific classroom of the Polo Didattico for the vision and recognition of organs. Practical activity in the classroom IX of the Polo Didattico for the vision of anatomical models.
Extended program	THEORETICAL LECTURES: Introduction to the course. Indication of textbooks, of the methods for carrying out practical lessons and examinations (2 hours). Cardiovascular system: embryogenesis of the heart (2 hours). Anatomy macroscopic of heart and pericardium (2 hours). Topography, reports, projection on the surface of the heart. Cardiac area. Hollow of the heart; osti, valve (1.5 hours). Elastic and muscular arteries, veins, capillaries. Ascending aorta, aortic arch, brachio-cephalic trunk, carotid artery (2 hours). Abdominal aorta: main collateral branches (2 hours). Lymphatic system. Macroscopic structure and microscopic lymph node (2 hours). Macroscopic, microscopic and topography of the spleen (2 hours). Topography of the skull; splanchno and neurocranio. Region of the tip of the nose. Nostrils, cavities nasal (2 hours). Nasal conches, respiratory and olfactory mucosa. Larynx, trachea (3 hours). Macroscopic anatomy of the lung. Subdivision of the parenchyma in lobes (2 hours). Microscopic structure, pulmonary lobule, alveolus. Distribution of blood vessels (1.5 hours). Anatomy macroscopic, topography of the kidney. Structure of the nephron (2 hours). Renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra (2 hours). Topography and macroscopical anatomy of the testis. Structure of twisted seminiferous tubules. Epididymis, spermatic cord. AA and VV. testicular (1.5 hours). Penis, corpora cavernosa, accessory sexual glands (2 hours). Embryonic development, topography, macroscopic anatomy of the ovary. Microscopic structure of the female gonad, cyclic changes, maturation of the follicle (3 hours). Topography, macroscopic anatomy, vasculature of the uterus. Wall structure: perimeter, myometrium, endometrium. Vagina, canal of delivery (2 hours). Topography, macroscopic anatomy of the stomach. Gastric blind background. Gastric glands (2.5 hours). Topography e macroscopic anatomy of the small intestine (2 hours). Wall texture of the small intestine. Intestinal villi, intestinal and duodenal glands (3 hours). Macroscopic anatomy and topography of the large intestine. Structure microscopic wall (2 hours). Topography and macroscopic anatomy of the liver. Hepatic lobule. Integumentary system: subcutis, dermis, epidermis (3 hours). Topography and anatomy macroscopic of the digestive system (2 hours). Annexes of the skin: hairs, gh. sweat and sebaceous. Odoriferous glands. Structures corneas: plinth (3 hours). Nervous system embryogenesis: neural tube, encephalic vesicles. Central and peripheral nervous system. Nervous system of relationship life and autonomic nervous system. Spinal cord: meninges, gray and white substance (2 hours). Nuclei of the base, midbrain, hemispheres, diencephalon. Brain blood circle (2 hours). Marrow cordons and direct and crusader bundles. Afferent and efferent pathways. Brain trunk (2 hours). PRACTICAL LECTURES: All the observation and dissection were made by the students under the supervision of the teacher. Observation and dissection of the heart. Identification of the aorta and the quarries (1 hour). Observation and dissection of: lymph nodes, spleen, thymus. Macroscopic characteristics, species identification, of the spleen (1 hour). Observation and dissection of the trachea. Macroscopic characteristics, species identification of the lung and lung lobes (1 hour). Observation and dissection of: kidney and ureter, bladder (1 hour). Observation and dissection of: testis, epididymis, spermatic cord, vas deferens, penis (1 hour). Observation and dissection of: ovary, oviduct, uterus (1 hour). Observation and dissection of: esophagus, stomach, small intestine (1 hour). Observation and dissection of the large intestine (1 hour). Observation and dissection of the liver and identification of the lobes (1 hour). Longitudinal and transversal section of the horse's head to highlight the airways, the buccal cavity, pharynx, brain and the meninges (1 hour).

OSTEO-ARTHRO-MYOLOGY

Code	GP005384
CFU	3
Teacher	Luisa Pascucci
Teachers	Luisa Pascucci
Hours	30 ore - Luisa Pascucci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline della struttura e funzione degli organismi animali
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Osteology, arthrology, myology of livestock and pets. Description of bones, joints and muscles of the skull, neck, trunk, and thoracic and pelvic limbs
Reference texts	R. Barone, Anatomia Comparata dei Mammiferi Domestici, Vol. I e II, EDAGRICOLE Gaetano V. Pelagalli, Virgilio Botte - Anatomia veterinaria sistematica e comparata vol.1 - Edi. Ermes
Educational objectives	D1. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY The student has to demonstrate adequate knowledge of the morphology, organization and orientation of bones, joints and muscles in different animal species. D2. ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING At the end of the course the student must have developed the following skills: - ability to identify bones, muscles and joints of the most common livestock (cattle, pig) and companion animals (horse, dog and cat) also in view of instrumental diagnostic techniques. - familiarity with normal structures essential to the recognition of pathological conditions; D3. AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT The student must be able to argue critically and independently the information provided by the teacher during the lessons and those derived from the recommended texts. D4. COMMUNICATION SKILLS At the end of the training activity, the student must be able to organize and expose the acquired knowledge supporting them with argumentative rigor, completeness, language properties, depth of analysis and connection skills both in written and oral form. D5. LEARNING SKILLS At the end of the training the student will be able to: - correlate, integrate and manage the acquired knowledge autonomously and in interdisciplinary fields; - use what has learned also in contexts not usual for the profession, including research; - to understand the contents of the subsequent teachings such as physiology and pathological anatomy, inspection, medical, surgical and obstetric clinic, instrumental imaging diagnostics.
Teaching methods	The course is organized as follows: - Lectures on all the topics of the course. Lectures will be carried out through Power Point slides that will be available to the students. - Practical lessons for bone and muscle observation will be carried out atosteo-miology hall at the Institute of Veterinary Anatomy. - Practical lessons in the necropsy room. At the end of the lesson, students will have free access to osteo-miology hall for further observation of bones and muscles.
Extended program	The first part of the course describes the aims of anatomy and the adequate anatomical terminology. Afterwards, the study of the locomotor system will be discussed. THEORETICAL LESSONS Introduction to the course. Subjects of veterinary anatomy. Anatomical terminology (1 hour). Cervical vertebrae, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, thorax (3 hours). Thoracic girdle skeleton (1 hour). Forelimb skeleton: humerus and radius, ulna and skeleton of the hand (3 hours). Pelvic girdle skeleton (1 hour). Pelvic limb skeleton: femur, tibia and fibula, tarsus, metatarsal and phalanges (3 hours). Neurocranius: occipital bone, sphenoid and ethmoid bone, temporal, frontal and parietal bones (2 hours). Splancnocranius (1 hour). Introduction to myology (0.5 hours). Shoulder muscles, brachial muscles, antibrachial and hand muscles (2 hours). Muscles of the pelvic girdle (1.5 hours). Muscles of the pelvic limb (1.5 hours). Thorax and abdomen muscles (1 hour). Introduction to Arthrology (0.5 hours) Forelimb joints: shoulder, elbow and hand joints (1 hour). Pelvic limb joints: hip, knee and foot joints (2 hours). Axial skeleton joints (1 hour). PRACTICAL LESSONS Bones of the axial skeleton (1 hour). Bones of the thoracic girdle and limb (1 hour). Bones of the pelvic girdle and limb (1 hour). Observation of muscles and joints of the limbs in the necropsy hall (1 hour).