Unit BLOOD DISEASES

Course
Biology
Study-unit Code
A001773
Curriculum
Biosanitario
Teacher
Cristina Mecucci
Teachers
  • Cristina Mecucci
  • Roberta La Starza (Codocenza)
  • Enrico Tiacci (Codocenza)
Hours
  • 7 ore - Cristina Mecucci
  • 38 ore (Codocenza) - Roberta La Starza
  • 7 ore (Codocenza) - Enrico Tiacci
CFU
6
Course Regulation
Coorte 2020
Offered
2020/21
Learning activities
A scelta dello studente
Area
A scelta dello studente
Academic discipline
MED/15
Type of study-unit
Opzionale (Optional)
Type of learning activities
Attività formativa monodisciplinare
Language of instruction
English
Contents
Hematopoiesis (erythropoiesis, granulocytopoiesis, monocytopoiesis, plateletopoiesis, lymphocytopoiesis). Characteristics of blood cells. Hematopoietic and leukemic stem cell. Mechanisms of gene regulation (gene mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, mutations in non-coding sequences with formation of new enhancers, gene silencing, methylation, role of telomeric and centromeric regions, oncogenes, tumor suppressors
Leukemogenesis. Clonal age-related hematopoiesis. Molecular bases and molecular mechanisms of: Chronic myeloproliferative syndromes
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Acute leukemia (lymphoid and myeloid)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (high and low degree; at B- and T- cell), Cellular plasma discrasias
Hereditary hematological malignancies, congenital syndromes with an increase risk of leukemia, predisposing abnormalities
Reference texts
Corso di malattie del sangue e degli organi emolinfopoietici (S.Tura, Esculapio Ed)
Introduzione alla Medicina Molecolare (D Ross, Springer Biomed)
Educational objectives
At the end of the course the student will have to know the main elements of genetics, and epigenetics, that underlie the pathogenesis and / or progression of onco-hematological diseases
Prerequisites
Knowledge of the main causes of the disease and the related etiopathogenetic mechanisms. Basic physiopathological mechanisms of the main systems and systems. Elements of pathological anatomy, histological and cytological examinations
Teaching methods
Lessons
excercises
Learning verification modality
Written open questions
Extended program
Hematopoiesis, stem cells, myeloid lineage differentiation and lymphonodes, organs of hematopoiesis (bone marrow, liver, spleen, yolk sac) lymphatic system; Blood: corpuscular elements, plasma.; Acute leukemias: LAM, LAL B cells, LAL T cells: clinical and diagnostic tests; chronic myeloproliferative diseases: chronic myeloid leukemia, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, idiopathic myelofibrosis, chronic eosinophilia leukemia; Myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with tyrosine kinase involvement FGFR1, PDGFRA, PDGFRB; Chronic lymphatic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, indolent and aggressive, B-cell and T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; Monoclonal gammopathies: MGUS, multiple-smoldering and symptomatic myeloma, solitary plasmacytoma of bone; medullary aplasia; Myelodysplastic syndromes
For each nosological entity the classification aspects that are based on internationally recognized criteria (WHO 2017) will be addressed, in particular I will focus on the bio-molecular aspects of diseases. The physiological and pathological functional aspects of oncogenes and suppressors involved in the pathogenesis and / or progression of the disease will be addressed. The mechanisms of deregulation of cellular functions (proliferation, self-maintenance, survival and differentiation) which underlie the leukemic transformation will also be discussed.
A focus will be made on the main signal transduction pathways that are deregulated in the main hematological neoplastic diseases and that represent potential targets of molecular therapy.
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