Unit ANIMAL BIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOLOGY

ANIMAL BIOLOGY

Code	GP003571
Location	PERUGIA
CFU	6
Teacher	Maria Laura Belladonna
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline biologiche
Academic discipline	BIO/13
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

Cognomi A-L

CFU

6

Teacher

Giuseppina Mariucci

Teachers

• Giuseppina Mariucci
• Giuseppina Mariucci

Hours

• 42 ore - Giuseppina Mariucci
• 3 ore - Giuseppina Mariucci

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes and Viruses. The prokaryotic cell. The eukaryotic cell: structural and molecular organization and functions. Genetic information and its expression. The cell cycle and its control. The asexual and sexual reproduction. Principles of general genetics and elements of human genetics.

Reference texts

- G.De Leo et al. "BIOLOGIA e GENETICA" Ed. EdiSES
- Becker  "IL MONDO DELLA CELLULA" Ed. Pearson 

Educational objectives

The main objective of Animal Biology module is to provide students with basic knowledge of the cell biology. The course aimed at students of the first year also aims to introduce students to scientific methodology and to use an appropriate language to describe biological processes.

Prerequisites

To effectively follow and understand the topics covered in the course of Animal Biology is necessary for the student to have a basic knowledge of chemistry and biology as it is normally acquired in high school.

Teaching methods

Face-to-face.Lectures will be conducted with the aid of PowerPoint. A pdf copy of the presentation will be available to students a few days before each lesson.

Learning verification modality

The exam consists of an oral examination lasting about 30 minutes. It consists in a discussion on the topics covered in the course. The oral examination will enable to verify: the level of knowledge and understanding achieved by the student; the ability of the student to highlight the correlations between the various biological processes. In addition, the oral examination will assess the student's ability to communicate and expose with appropriate language the topics of the cellular biology.

Extended program

Cellular organization of living organisms. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Viruses.
The chemical components of the cell. Carbohydrates. Lipids. Proteins. Nucleic acids.
The genetic information and its expression.
DNA replication.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes and genomes.
Transcription. RNA processing. Messenger RNAs. Tranfer RNAs. Ribosomal RNAs and ribosomes.
Genetic code and translating genetic information: the protein synthesis.
Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes. The bacterial operon.
Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes: transcriptional and post-transcriptional control.
The eukaryotic cell.
Plasma membrane: chemical composition and structure; permeability and transport of ions and molecules. Intracellular compartments. The Endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi Complex. Lysosomes. Vesicular transport, exocytosis and endocytosis. Peroxisomes. Mithocondria.
Cell nucleus: chromatin, chromosomes and nucleoli.
The cytoscheleton: microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments.
Mechanisms of cell adhesion.
Cell signaling and communication. Membrane and intracellular receptors. Signal transduction.
The cell cycle and its control. Apoptosis.
The asexual and sexual reproduction. Meiosis. Genetic recombination. Gametogenesis and fertilization. Karyotype. Gene, chromosomal, genomic mutations.
Mendel's laws. Incomplete dominance and codominance. Multiple allelism. Pleiotropy. Interactions between genes. Quantitative characters. Continuous and discontinuous variation. Mendelian inheritance in man. Pedigree charts. Autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance, sex-linked inheritance.

Cognomi M-Z

CFU

6

Teacher

Maria Laura Belladonna

Teachers

• Maria Laura Belladonna
• Maria Laura Belladonna

Hours

• 42 ore - Maria Laura Belladonna
• 3 ore - Maria Laura Belladonna

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes and Viruses. The prokaryotic cell. The eukaryotic cell: structural and molecular organization and functions. Genetic information and its expression. The cell cycle and its control. The asexual and sexual reproduction. Principles of general genetics and elements of human genetics.

Reference texts

Becker "IL MONDO DELLA CELLULA" Ed. Pearson – 8th editionSolomon et al. "FONDAMENTI DI BIOLOGIA" Ed. EdiSES – 7th edition

Educational objectives

The main objective of Animal Biology module is to provide students with basic knowledge of the cell biology. The course aimed at students of the first year also aims to introduce students to scientific methodology and to use an appropriate language to describe biological processes.Main expected learning outcomes:acquisition by the students of an adequate knowledge of the organization and functions of the cell, focused on animal cellunderstanding of connections between different cell processesability to apply the acquired knowledge to understand the following teachingsability to express in clear and appropriate scientific language the acquired knowledge.

Prerequisites

To effectively follow and understand the topics covered in the course of Animal and Plant Biology is necessary for the student to have a basic knowledge of chemistry as it is normally acquired in high school. Furthermore, following in the mean time the teaching of General and Inorganic Chemistry will be of great help.

Teaching methods

Face-to-face

Learning verification modality

The exam consists of an oral examination lasting about 30-40 minutes for each "modulo" on the topics covered in the course. The oral examination will enable to verify: the level of knowledge and understanding achieved by the student; the ability of the student to highlight the correlations between the various biological (animal and/or vegetal) processes. In addition, the oral examination will assess the student's ability to communicate and expose with appropriate language the topics of the cell biology and plant biology. The exam will be performed at the end of the course according to the timetable of the examinations. The evaluation will be in thirtieths (minimum:18/30; maximum:30/30)

Extended program

Cell organization of living organisms. Chemical components of the cell: water and macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and lipids).Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, viruses and prions. Bioenergetics. Enzymes.The eukaryotic cell components: cell membrane (composition and structure, permeability, ion and molecule transport); mitochondria and chemotrophic energy metabolism; endomembrane system (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome; vesicular transport, exocytosis and endocytosis); peroxisome; cytoskeleton (microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filament); nucleus (chromatin, chromosomes, nucleolus). Cell adhesion mechanisms.Cell communication: electric signals, chemical signals, membrane and intracellular receptors, signal transduction.Genetic information and gene expression. Genes and genome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. DNA replication. Cell cycle phases and control. Apoptosis.Asexual and sexual reproduction. Meiosis. Gene recombination. Gametogenesis and fertilization. Karyotype. Gene, chromosome and genome mutations.Transcription. RNA maturation. Messenger RNA. Transfer RNA. Ribosomal RNA and ribosomes. Genetic code and translation of gene information: protein synthesis. Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes: bacterial operon. Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level.Principles of general and human genetics. Mendel's Laws. Incomplete dominance and codominance. Multiple alleles. Pleiotropy. Gene interaction. Quantitative traits. Continuous and discontinuous variation. Mendel's inheritance in humans. Genetic pedigrees (Family trees). Dominant and recessive autosomal heredity, sex linkage.

PLANT BIOLOGY

Code	50121104
Location	PERUGIA
CFU	5
Teacher	Rita Pagiotti
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline biologiche
Academic discipline	BIO/15
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

Cognomi A-L

CFU

5

Teacher

Rita Pagiotti

Teachers

• Rita Pagiotti

Hours

• 55 ore - Rita Pagiotti

Language of instruction

Italian

Contents

Plants organism how seat of biosynthesis process. Cytology: plant cell, microscopic and submicroscopic structure. Photosynthesis. Morphology and anatomy of the plant body. Outline plants taxonomy and systematics of the principal officinal species.

Reference texts

Maugini E., Manuale di Botanica Farmaceutica, Piccin, 1994 
M. Nicoletti, A. Bruni Bilogia Vegetale, Japadre, Roma, II Ed. 1994. 
A.Neil. Campbell JaneB. Reece Biologia, Ed. Zanichelli 2004 
A. Speranza, G.L. Calzoni Struttura delle piante in immagini Ed. Zanichelli 1996 

Educational objectives

The main objective of PlantBiology module is to provide students with basic knowledge of the cell biology. The course aimed at students of the first year also aims to introduce students to scientific methodology and to use an appropriate language to describe biological processes.Main expected learning outcomes:• acquisition by the students of an adequate knowledge of the organization and functions of the cell, with a focus on animal cell• understanding of connections between the various cellular processes• ability to apply the acquired knowledge for understand the following teachings• ability to express in clear and appropriate language the knowledge acquired.

Prerequisites

To effectively follow and understand the topics covered in the course of Animal and Plant Biology is necessary for the student to have a basic knowledge of chemistry as it is normally acquired in high school.

Teaching methods

face-to-face

Other information

Compulsory course attendance

Learning verification modality

The exam consists of an oral examination lasting about 30/40 minutes  on the topics covered in the course. The oral examination will enable to verify: the level of knowledge and understanding achieved by the student; the ability of the student to highlight the correlations between the various biological (animal and/or vegetal) processes. In addition, the oral examination will assess the student's ability to communicate and expose with appropriate language the topics of the cell biology and plant biology. The exam will be performed at the end of the course according to the timetable of the examinations. The evaluation will be in thirtieths (minimum:18/30; maximum:30/30).

Extended program

Plants organism how seat of biosynthesis process. Cytology: plant cell, microscopic and submicroscopic structure. Photosynthesis. Morphology and anatomy of the plant body. Outline plants taxonomy and systematics of the principal officinal species.

Cognomi M-Z

CFU

5

Teacher

Maria Carla Marcotullio

Teachers

• Maria Carla Marcotullio

Hours

• 40 ore - Maria Carla Marcotullio

Language of instruction

Italian. Some of the slides used are in English

Contents

General structure and functions of the plants. Secondary metabolites from plants. Plant systematics: main taxa and biological active species.

Reference texts

Stern, Bidlack, Jansky-Introduzione alla Biologia Vegetale-McGraw-Hill; Maugini E., Manuale di Botanica Farmaceutica, Piccin, 1994.M. Nicoletti, A. Bruni, Biologia Vegetale, Japadre, Roma, II Ed. 1994.TL Rost, MG Barbour, CR Stocking, TM Murphy, Biologia delle piante, Ed. Zanichelli 2008.A. Bruni, Biologia Farmaceutica, Pearson, 2014.

Educational objectives

To teach basic knowledge about plant structure and biosynthetic processes . Description of main taxa.

Prerequisites

To effectively follow and understand the topics covered in the course of Plant Biology is necessary for the student to have a basic knowledge of chemistry as it is normally acquired in high school. Furthermore, following in the mean time the teaching of General and Inorganic Chemistry will be of great help. these basic knowledge are verified at the beginning of the academic year by a specific test.

Teaching methods

Face-to-face teaching

Other information

Compulsory course attendance

Learning verification modality

Oral exam (30-40 min). The student will have to talk about a topic of cytology, one of histoly and one of plant physiology. Images of galss slides of tissues will be discussed.

Extended program

Cytology - Life origins. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell structure of prokaryotics and their classification: eubacteria and cyanobacteria. Cell structure of eukaryotic organisms. The plant cell. Plant cell wall chemical structure (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectic substances and glycoproteins). Primary and secondary cell wall; modifications of the secondary cell wall. Primary and secondary metabolism. Vacuole: structure, formation, differentiation and functions. Plastids. Chloroplast structure. Chemical structure and functions of starch. Leucoplasts and chromoplasts. Theories on the origin of plastids.Morphological organization of plants - Outlines of  Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and spermatophytes. Outline of sistematics in plantsHistology – Tissues and pseudo-tissues. Primary and secondary meristems. Parenchyma. Epidermal tissues (stomata and tricomes). Mechanical tissues (collenchyma and schlerenchyma). Transport tissues (xylem and phloem). Secretory cells and tissues. Vascular bundlesAnatomy –Morphology and anatomy of the stem, root and leaf. Primary and secondary structures. Structure of wood. Structures of Pteridophytes and Spermatophytes (Gymosperm and Angiosperm both Monocots and Dicots). Flower, fruit and plant reproduction. Seed germination.Elements of Plant Physiology - Photoautotrophy and chemioautotrophy. Autotrophy and heretrotrophy: symbiosis and parasitism. Photosynthesis: pigments, light and dark phase. C3, C4 and CAM plants.  Transpiration.