Unit ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Course
- Pharmacy
- Study-unit Code
- 55012807
- Location
- PERUGIA
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Claudio Santi
- CFU
- 12
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2021
- Offered
- 2022/23
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa integrata
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -MOD. I
Code | A000705 |
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Location | PERUGIA |
CFU | 6 |
Teacher | Daniela Lanari |
Teachers |
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Hours |
|
Learning activities | Base |
Area | Discipline chimiche |
Academic discipline | CHIM/06 |
Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
Language of instruction | Italian |
Contents | Structure of organic molecules, nomenclature, synthesis and reactivity of functional groups, notions of stereochemistry, major reaction mechanisms |
Reference texts | Peter C. Vollhardt, Neil E. Schore CHIMICA ORGANICA Zanichelli 4a ed |
Educational objectives | Knowledge of the basics of organic chemistry, nomenclature of organic compounds, synthesis and chemistry of the main functional groups with reference also to the stereochemical aspect. Being able to apply the principles acquired to the study of molecules of biochemical and pharmaceutical interest. |
Prerequisites | The student should be familiar with the basic notions of general chemistry in particular must have passed the exam of General and Inorganic Chemistry |
Teaching methods | Frontal lectures where the professor will present all the topics of the course, and to teach a correct approach to the type of study required, during the lessons there will be exercises examples |
Other information | not available |
Learning verification modality | The student will be graded through an oral test either in presence or by remote, due to the persistence of the COVID emergency. The student will be asked to provide the correct nomenclature and configuration of organic molecules and to resolve exercises using notions he has learned on synthesis and reactivity. |
Extended program | Organic molecules structure. Atomic Orbital and Electronic Configuration. Chemical Bonding, Lewis Formulas, Molecular and Hybrid Orbitals, Bond Polarity, Intramolecular Forces, Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Character, Carboanion,Carbocation, Constitutional Isomerism Acids and bases: definition of acids and bases according to Brönsted and Lewis; acid-base equilibria; Alkanes: nomenclature and chemical-physical properties, conformational analysis, radical halogenation. The stereoisomerism Chirality concept, diasteroisomers and enantiomers, racemic mixtures, stereochemical descriptors (R, S), polarimetry, stereoselective and stereospecific reactions. Alkenes: nomenclature and physical-chemical properties, cis, trans, E / Z isomers, Markovnikov rule, Hammond's postulate. Double-bond electrophilic addition reactions, transposition of carbocation. Alkynes: nomenclature and chemical-physical properties, acidity and reactivity. Properties and reactions of halogenoalkanes: nomenclature and physical-chemical properties, SN2 and SN1 substitution reactions, E2, E1, Saytzev and Hoffmann rule parameters that influence the reaction rate of substitution and elimination. Alcohols and thiols:nomenclature and chemical-physical properties, hydrogen bond and acidity, alcohol synthesis: use of organometallic reagents and alcohol reactivity: nucleophilic oxidation and sustitution. Ethers and thioethers: nomenclature and chemical-physical properties, regio-and stereoselectivity in the ring opening of epoxides |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - MOD. 2
Code | A000706 |
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Location | PERUGIA |
CFU | 6 |
Teacher | Claudio Santi |
Teachers |
|
Hours |
|
Learning activities | Base |
Area | Discipline chimiche |
Academic discipline | CHIM/06 |
Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
Language of instruction | Italian |
Contents | Structure of organic molecules, nomenclature, synthesis and reactivity of carboxyl derivtives, carbonyl derivatives, aromatic compounds, heterocycles, carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins |
Reference texts | eter C. Vollhardt, Neil E. Schore CHIMICA ORGANICA Zanichelli 4a ed Brown, Iverson, Anslyn, Foote CHIMICA ORGANICA Edises, VI edizione |
Educational objectives | Knowledge of nomenclature and reactivity of gcarboxyl derivtives, carbonyl derivatives, aromatic compounds, heterocycles, amines, carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins, including stereochemical aspects. Being able to apply the acquired principles to the study of molecules of biochemical and pharmaceutical interest. |
Prerequisites | The student should be familiar with the basic notions of general chemistry (inorganic and organic), in particular must have passed the exam of General Chemistry and attended the first part of Organic Chemistry course |
Teaching methods | Frontal lectures where the professor will present all the topics of the course, introducing some exercises as example |
Other information | Extra exercises will be provided during the course, at the end of the course and before the summer session. Before the other sections, the teacher and the integrative teaching staff will be available to provide students clarification and explanation. |
Learning verification modality | The student will be graded through a written and oral test. The student will be asked to provide the correct nomenclature and configuration of organic molecules and to resolve exercises using notions he has learned on synthesis and reactivity. Changes in grading may be applied according to the COVID pandemic situation |
Extended program | Benzene and aromaticity: Nomenclature of benzene derivatives - Structure and resonance energy of benzene: a first look at the aromaticity - Molecular p orbitals of benzene - Hückel's rule - Synthesis of benzene derivatives: electrophilic aromatic substitution - Halogenation of benzene: the need for a catalyst - Nitration and sulfonation of benzene - Friedel-Crafts alkylation - Limits of Friedel-Crafts alkylations - Friedel-Crafts acylation. Control of regioselectivity of substituents: - Activating or deactivating effect of substituents on the benzene ring - Orienting electron-donor effects of alkyl groups - Orienting effects of substituents conjugated to the benzene-electrophilic ring on disubstituted benzenes Aldehydes and ketones: The carbonyl group - Nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones - The structure of the carbonyl group - Preparation of aldehydes and ketones - Reactivity of the carbonyl group: addition mechanisms - The addition of water and the formation of hydrates - The addition of alcohols and the formation of hemiacetals and acetals - Acetals as protective groups - Nucleophilic addition of ammonia and its derivatives - Deoxygenation of the carbonyl group - Addition of hydrogen cyanide to give cyanohydrins - Additions of phosphorus ylides: the Wittig reaction Oxidation with peroxocarboxylic acids : Baeyer-Villiger oxidation - Oxidative assays for aldehydes Enols, enolates and aldol condensation Aldehydes and ketones a, ß-unsaturated - Acidity of aldehydes and ketones: enolate ions - Keto-enol balances The halogenation of aldehydes and ketones - Alkylation of aldehydes and ketones - Attack of enolates to the carbonyl function : aldol condensation - Cross aldol condensation - Additions conjugated to aldehydes and ketones a, ß-unsaturated - Additions 1,2 and 1,4 of organometallic reagents - Conjugate addition of enolated ions: Michael's addition and Robinson's ringing Carboxylic acids - The nomenclature of carboxylic acids - Structural and physical properties of carboxylic acids - Acid and basic character of carboxylic acids - Methods for the introduction of the carboxylic functional group - Substitution of carboxylic carbon: the mechanism of addition-elimination - Derivatives of carboxylic acids: acyl halides and anhydrides - Derivatives of carboxylic acids: esters, amides, halides, anhydrides, sinetheses and reactivity - Reduction of carboxylic acids with lithium aluminum hydride - Bromination in the position adjacent to the carboxylic group: the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction - Biological activity of carboxylic acids Amines and their derivatives - Nomenclature of amines - Structural and physical properties of amines - Acidity and basicity of amines - Synthesis of amines - Reactions of amines. Chemistry of benzene substituents Alkylbenzenes, phenols and benzenamines Enolates of esters and Claisen condensation - Synthesis of ß-dicarbonyl compounds; equivalents of acyl-anions - Fatty Acids - Carbohydrates - Polyfunctional compounds in nature - Amino acids, peptides, proteins and nucleic acids |