Unit HISTOLOGY
- Course
- School of dental medicine
- Study-unit Code
- GP003673
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Lorella Marinucci
- Teachers
-
- Lorella Marinucci
- Hours
- 60 ore - Lorella Marinucci
- CFU
- 10
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2022
- Offered
- 2022/23
- Learning activities
- Base
- Area
- Morfologia umana, funzioni biologiche integrate degli organi ed apparati umani
- Academic discipline
- BIO/17
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
- Optical microscopy. The preparation of tissue. Electron microscopy. Resolving power. The examination and interpretation of sections. Stains.
Histology: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue. Muscolar tissue and blood.
Histology of the tooth.
General embriology: gametogenesis, fertilization, segmentation, implantation of blastocyst. Derivatives of the three germ layers.
Organogenesis: development of the face and of branchial apparatus.
Development of tooth: odontogenesis. - Reference texts
- Istologia Umana - Autori vari - Casa Editrice Idelson-Gnocchi
Embriologia - Barbieri, Carinci ... - Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Anatomia funzionale e clinica dello splancnocranio - Luciano Fonzi - Casa Editrice Edi-Ermes.
Histology atlases racommended:
- Atlante di Istologia e Anatomia Microscopica, Ross et al., Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
- Istologia Funzionale, Kerr, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.
Buying a text atlas can help the student to the understanding of the microscopic slides, but it is not essential, if you follow regular classes and participate in exercises. Images of microscopic slides are also available in different websites , such as : http://web.unife.it/cdl/istomed/photo.htm. - Educational objectives
- At the end of the course the student must:
A) critical knowledge of the morphological characteristics of the cells and
normal tissues of the human body;
B) understand the mechanisms through which it is realized, in the course of
development, the structural organization of the human body in order to learn the
mechanisms of emergence of diseases on the basis of malformation;
C) demonstrate that they have acquired the knowledge necessary preliminary to
follow with profit the next courses.
D) acquire the ability to communicate essential, comprehensive and with suitable theoretical and practical knowledge learned during the course.
E) own autonomy in the use of the microscope;
F) have acquired knowledge on the main histological techniques used in the laboratory;
G) have acquired the ability to recognize critically the various tissues in histological preparations observed at the optical microscope. - Prerequisites
- In order to be able to understand the topics described within the Course, you must possess basic knowledge about Chemistry and Cell Biology.
- Teaching methods
- The course is organized in lectures in the classroom and theoretical-practical lessons in the laboratories.
The course of Histology provides, in addition to regular lectures, a series of exercises (about 18 hours/student) during students will learn the use of the optical microscope (
observation of histological preparations) and
they will attend cellular and molecular biology laboratories. - Other information
- Learning verification modality
- The examination includes the only oral exam. This test consists in a discussion lasting about 20 minutes aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge and understanding achieved by students on the theoretical contents regarding the issues addressed in teaching. The oral examination, also, permitted to verify the acquisition of the ability to integrate data from the study of the morphology of cells and tissues and its correlations between structure and function, as an essential cultural background for the future understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of organs and the human body systems.
- Extended program
- Brief history of Histology and its methods of study: the first means of investigations until microscope light. The optical microscope: the 'parts' of the optical microscope. Limits of light microscope. Resolving power. Notes on the fluorescence microscope and the microscope in phase contrast. The electron microscope: the basic structure. Theoretical resolving power and real resolving power. The scanning microscope. Technical set-up of the slides: fixation the inclusion. Freezing-drying. Artifacts. Dyes: classification and properties. Technical construction of the sections: microtome, ultramicrotome, cryostat. Signs on histochemical methods: localization of proteins, lipids and glucides. Strategies for recognition by light microscopy about epithelial tissue, glandular exocrine and endocrine epithelial; connective, cartilage, bone and blood; muscle tissue and nerve tissue.
The course includes two subjects of study: Istology and Embriology and it is performed according to the program shown below.
Hierarchical levels of aggregation : cell, tissue, organ, apparatus and body. Definition and classification of tissues.
Epithelium: simple epithelia, stratified epithelia, pseudostratidied epithelia, transitional epithelium. Cell adhesion in epithelial membranes. Specializations of the cell surface in epithelia (cilia, microvilli, stereocilia). Intercellular junctions. Basement membrane. Gland epithelium: unicellular and multicellular glands, exocrine and endocrine glands. Connective tissue proper: cells and extracellular matrix. Adipose tissue. Cartilage and bone. Development and growth of bone. Mesenchyme. Nervous tissue: nerve fibers and peripheral nerves. Axonal flow. Myelin sheath. Nevroglia. The synapse. Blood: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, plasma. Hemopoiesis. Muscle: smooth muscle, striated skeletal muscle, striated cardiac muscle. Muscle contraction.
Histology of the tooth: Enamel. Dentin. Dental pulp. Tissues of the periodontium: Cement. Periodontal ligament. Gingiva and alveolar mucosa.
General Embryology
Male genitalia and female gametogenesis: spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Ovarian cycle and uterine cycle. Fertilization and segmentation. Formation of the blastocyst and implantation in the uterus. Abnormal implants. Bilaminar and trilaminar embryo formation. Longitudinal and transverse folding of the embryo. Derivatives of the three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Organogenesis
Branchial apparatus: face, pharyngeal arches and their derivatives.
Development of tooth
Odontogenesis. Dentinogenesis and amelogenesis. Development of the periodontium.