Unit CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY I

BIOCHEMISTRY I - MOD. 1

Code	GP001280
CFU	3
Teacher	Lanfranco Corazzi
Teachers	Lanfranco Corazzi
Hours	36 ore - Lanfranco Corazzi
Learning activities	Base
Area	Struttura, funzione e metabolismo delle molecole d'interesse biologico
Academic discipline	BIO/10
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Structure and chemical properties of biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and nucleic acids, aminoacids and proteins. Hemoglobin and myoglobin.
Reference texts	Biochimica Medica - Siliprandi e Tettamanti - Piccin editore I principi di Biochimica di Lehninger - Nelson, Cox. V edizione - Zanichelli Biochimica Medica - Lieberman, Marks - Casa editrice Ambrosiana Biochimica con aspetti clinici - Devlin 5/e - Edises
Educational objectives	Main knowledge acquired will be: ¿ properties of water and its importance as cell solvent; ¿ chemical components of cell; ¿ structure and function of cell macromolecules (proteins, sugars, lipids, and nucleic acids) ¿ respiratory proteins. The main competence will be: ¿ ability to understand the basic mechanisms of molecular transformations in cells.
Prerequisites	For an effective understanding of the topics of this integrated course, composed of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the basic knowledge of Chemistry and Biology at high school level is required. In particular, general knowledge of cell structure, atomic structure, simple inorganic and organic molecules structure is mandatory.
Teaching methods	The course is organized as follows: -lectures on all the subjects. Students are stimulated to interact with the teacher during the lectures. -3 biweekly meetings in the classroom, for clarifications and insights. During these meetings students will be required to solve multiple choice tests on the subjects already covered in the lectures. The tests will be discussed critically with the teacher.
Other information	Teaching activities: Perugia – School of Medicine - S. Andrea delle Fratte - Building B, Floor -2 See web site http://www.med.unipg.it/ccl/
Learning verification modality	The exam consists of a written test and an oral examination. The written, multiple choice test, comprises 30 questions covering all the topics of the teaching. The test lasts 60 minutes and is evaluated by assigning 1 point for each correct answer, 0 points for each question not answered, and applying a penalty of -0.5 points for every wrong answer. Students who achieve a score of at least 18/30 will be admitted to the oral exam. This test aims to assess the basic preparation to face the oral examination. The oral exam, lasting about 30 min, consists generally of three questions. The final evaluation takes into account mainly the oral exam, which aims to assess the level of Biochemistry knowledge, the ability to make connections and to integrate knowledge, also in relation to the professional activity. The oral exam will also test the student communication skills.
Extended program	Structure and chemical properties of biological molecules. CARBOHYDRATES. Monosaccharides and disaccharides. Omopolysaccharides (cellulose, starch and glycogen). Heteropolysaccarides (hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and heparin). LIPIDS. Fatty acids, acylglycerols, phospholipids, and glycolipids. Polyprenoids and cholesterol. Nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids. PROTEINS. Structure and properties of aminoacids. Peptide bond. Polypeptides. Structural hierarchy of proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. Determinant of protein folding: structural motifs. Denaturation of proteins. Techiques of protein separation and quantitation. Physico-chemical properties of proteins. Globular proteins. Fibrous proteins (Collagen, Keratin, Elastin). Conjugated proteins. Immunoglobulins. Myoglobin (structure and function). Hemoglobin (structure and function). Molecular mechanisms of oxygen transport. Hemoglobin and allosterism: effect of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Bohr effect. Buffering properties of haemoglobin. Role of hemoglobin in direct and indirect carbon dioxide transport. Glycated hemoglobin. Other hemoglobins. Structural modifications of hemoglobin S.

BIOCHEMISTRY I - MOD. 2

Code	GP001282
CFU	3
Teacher	Lanfranco Corazzi
Teachers	Lanfranco Corazzi
Hours	36 ore - Lanfranco Corazzi
Learning activities	Base
Area	Struttura, funzione e metabolismo delle molecole d'interesse biologico
Academic discipline	BIO/10
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	ITALIAN
Contents	Enzymes. Vitamins and Coenzymes. Biological membranes. Thermodynamics of biochemical reactions. ATP. Biological oxidations and ATP synthesis.
Reference texts	Biochimica Medica - Siliprandi e Tettamanti - Piccin Editore I principi di Biochimica di Lehninger - Nelson, Cox. V edizione - Zanichelli Biochimica Medica - Lieberman, Marks - Casa editrice Ambrosiana Biochimica con aspetti clinici - Devlin 5/e - Edises
Educational objectives	The main aim of this module is to provide students with the knowledge on the function of enzymes and coenzymes and on the general organization of cellular metabolism. Main knowledge acquired will be: ¿ enzyme kinetics and regulation, molecular mechanisms of coenzymes; ¿ organization of cell metabolism and energy transfer in biochemical transformations; ¿ mitochondrial oxidations and ATP synthesis. The main competence will be: ¿ ability to understand the mechanisms of energy production in cells through the mitochondrial respiration.
Prerequisites	For an effective understanding of the topics of this integrated course, composed of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the basic knowledge of Chemistry and Biology at high school level is required. In particular, general knowledge of cell structure, atomic structure, simple inorganic and organic molecules structure is mandatory.
Teaching methods	The course is organized as follows: -lectures on all the subjects. Students are stimulated to interact with the teacher during the lectures. -3 biweekly meetings in the classroom, for clarifications and insights. During these meetings students will be required to solve multiple choice tests on the subjects already covered in the lectures. The tests will be discussed critically with the teacher.
Other information	Sede dell'attività didattica: Perugia – Scuola di Medicina - S. Andrea delle Fratte - Edificio B, piano -2 Svolgimento dell'attività didattica e degli esami: Come da calendario delle lezioni pubblicato nel sito del Corso di Laurea http://www.med.unipg.it/ccl/
Learning verification modality	The final evaluation of students is performed by carrying out an ongoing evaluation at the end of the 1st semester, on the subjects of General and organic Chemistry, and a final exam. The ongoing evaluation consists of a multiple choice test and an oral exam. The test includes 15 questions that require simple stoichiometric calculations on solution concentrations and pH, and 15 questions on the structure and properties of organic molecules and the reactivity of functional groups. The test lasts 2 hours, and students are admitted to the oral exam with 18 right answers. This test aims to evaluate the basic knowledge needed to face the oral examination. This will consist of an about 15 minutes critical discussion of the test. Nella valutazione complessiva della prova in itinere assume valore rilevante il colloquio. Di questa valutazione si terrà conto nell’esame finale. The oral exam is relevant for the evaluation, and will be taken into account in the final exam. The final exam, on Biochemistry, consists of a written test and an oral examination. The written, multiple choice test comprises 30 questions covering all the topics of the teaching. The test lasts 60 minutes and is evaluated by assigning 1 point for each correct answer, 0 points for each question not answered, and applying a penalty of -0.5 points for every wrong answer. Students who achieve a score of at least 18/30 will be admitted to the oral exam. This test aims to assess the basic preparation to face the oral examination. The oral exam, lasting about 30 min, consists of three questions, one on structural Biochemistry, one on the function of proteins and coenzymes, one on the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. The final evaluation takes into account mainly the oral exam, which aims to assess the level of Biochemistry knowledge, the ability to make connections and to integrate knowledge, also in relation to the professional activity. The oral exam will also test the student communication skills.
Extended program	ENZYMES. General concepts. Classification of enzymes. Mechanism of catalysis. The enzyme specificity: the active site. Kinetics. Michaelis-Menten equation. Isoenzymes. Competitive and non-competitive inhibition. Regulation of enzymatic activity. Allosteric control of enzyme activity. Clinical applications of enzymes. Isoenzymes. Constitutive and inducible enzymes. VITAMINS and COENZYMES. Nutrients and vitamin requirements. Water-soluble vitamins (Ascorbic acid, Biotin, Niacin, Thiamine, Pantothenic acid, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine, Folic acid, B12). Vitamin-like compounds (Choline, Carnitine, Taurine). Coenzymes. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF BILOGICAL MEMBRANES. Composition and structure of membranes. Movement of molecules through membranes. Channels and pores. Passive mediated transport system. Active mediated transport system. Na+, K+-ATPase pump. METABOLIC BIOCHEMISTRY. Catabolism and anabolism. Bioenergetics: energy-producing and energy-utilizing systems. Thermodynamics of biochemical reactions. Redox reactions. High-energy phosphate compounds and the role of ATP. Metabolic pathways. Pyruvate dehydrogenase. Krebs cycle: metabolic role and regulation. Respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Respiratory chain inhibitors and uncouplers

CHEMISTRY - MOD. 1

Code	50202503
CFU	3
Teacher	Pier Luigi Orvietani
Teachers	Pier Luigi Orvietani
Hours	36 ore - Pier Luigi Orvietani
Learning activities	Base
Area	Struttura, funzione e metabolismo delle molecole d'interesse biologico
Academic discipline	BIO/10
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

CHEMISTRY - MOD. 2

Code	50202002
CFU	2
Teacher	Pier Luigi Orvietani
Teachers	Pier Luigi Orvietani
Hours	24 ore - Pier Luigi Orvietani
Learning activities	Affine/integrativa
Area	Attività formative affini o integrative
Academic discipline	BIO/10
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)