Unit MOLECULAR AND CELLULARBASESOF LIFE

BIOCHEMISTRY

Code	GP005095
CFU	2
Teacher	Tommaso Beccari
Teachers	Tommaso Beccari
Hours	30 ore - Tommaso Beccari
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/10
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Cell biochemistry
Reference texts	Biochimica e Biologia per le professioni sanitarie Edizioni Mc Graw Education
Educational objectives	To understand the principle of biochemistry
Prerequisites	Principles of inorganic and organic chemistry - Biology of the cell
Teaching methods	Frontal lessons
Other information	None
Learning verification modality	Written exam
Extended program	Water and biological buffers - amino acids, peptides and proteins - tridimensinal strucure of proteins- protein functions - enzyme and enzyme catalysis - carbohydrates and glycobiology - monosaccharides- disaccharides and polysaccharides - nucleic acid - lipids- storage lipis - structural lipids- biological membranes - membrane transport - biosignaling - bioenergetics and metabolism- glycolisis and gluconeogensis - Krebs cycle - catabolism of fatty acids - aminoacids oxidation and urea cycle - oxidative phosphorilation - biosynthesis of carbohydrates - biosynthesis of aminoacids - hormonal regulation - protein metabolism -

APPLIED BIOLOGY AND GENETICS

Code	GP005097
CFU	2
Teacher	Cinzia Antognelli
Teachers	Cinzia Antognelli
Hours	30 ore - Cinzia Antognelli
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/13
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Flow of genetic information within a biological system and its regulation. Cell cycle and its control. Mutations: types and causes. Reproduction of multicellular living organisms: meiosis and gametogenesis. Basic concepts of formal genetics. Basic concepts of medical genetics. Blood types.
Reference texts	R. Roberti, G. Alunni Bistocchi, C. Antognelli, VN Talesa - Biochimica e Biologia per le professioni sanitarie – McGrawHill P. Bonaldo, S. Suga, R. Pierantoni, P. Riva, M.G, Romanelli- Biologia e Genetica – EdiSES
Educational objectives	The aim of the course is the integrated study of the cell and living organisms, with emphasis on the mechanisms involved in: organelles biogenesis and cellular structures, cell-cell interactions, cell-extracellular matrix interactions, DNA duplication, transmission of the genetic information, gene expression, cell proliferation, general and human genetics. The ability to learn, relate and integrate one concept to another will be considered fundamental issues in order to facilitate the understanding of the disciplines provided in the subsequent years of the Degree Course.
Prerequisites	Basic elements of chemistry.
Teaching methods	Face-to-face.
Other information	Site of the teacher: Nuova sede dei Dipartimenti di Medicina - Edificio B, 4° piano - P.le L. Severi 1 - Sant'Andrea delle Fratte - Perugia
Learning verification modality	Written and oral examination.
Extended program	The characteristics of living organisms. Biological macromolecules: proteins, lipids and glucides (general characteristics). Models of cellular organization: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Viruses: general characteristics. Animal eukaryotic cell. Plasma membrane: structure and functions. The main mechanisms of membrane transport and cellular communication; cytoplasm; ribosomes; rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus; lysosomes; peroxisomes; mitochondria and the energy problem; cytoskeleton (general characteristics), nucleus and nucleolus. DNA and RNA: structure and function. Organization of chromatin, chromosomes. The eukaryotic gene. Gene expression: transcription, maturation of primary transcripts, genetic code, translation. Regulation of gene expression: general characteristics. Cell cycle: interphase, DNA replication, mitosis. Cell cycle control: check-point and CdK-cyclines. Proto-oncogenes, oncogenes and tumor suppressor. Gene mutations (point mutations, missense, nonsense, neutral mutations), genomic mutations (aneuploidy and polyploidy mutations) and chromosomal mutations (deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation). Human normal and pathological karyotype. Heterochromatinization of the X chromosome. Reproduction of multicellular organisms; meiosis and its biological meaning, gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis). Basic concepts of formal genetics: allele, haploid and diploid organisms, genotype, phenotype, homozygous and heterozygous organisms, dominance, recessiveness, Mendel's laws and extensions to Mendelian analysis (incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles). Basic concepts of medical genetics: family trees, dominant and recessive autosomal inheritance, sex-linked inheritance (X-linked and Y-linked). Multifactorial and polygenic inheritance. Mitochondrial inheritance. Blood types.

PHYSIC

Code	GP005096
CFU	1
Teacher	Massimiliano Paolucci
Teachers	Massimiliano Paolucci
Hours	15 ore - Massimiliano Paolucci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze propedeutiche
Academic discipline	FIS/07
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Mechanics of rigid bodiesFluids ThermodynamicsElectrical phenomena Waves Applications of basic physical principles in medicine and human body
Reference texts	The topics can be found in the secondary school books, integrated by the transparencies of the course.For clinical applications and for medical-nursing subjects, we recommend the following texts: V. Monaco et al., Elementi di Fisica. McGraw HillP. Davidovits, Applicazioni della fisica alla biologia e alla medicina, Il pensiero scientifico editore. Roma G. Tosi et al., Fisica, biofisica e tecniche fisico - biomediche , Edizioni Sorbona, Milano. J.W. Kane et al., Fisica Biomedica, Editore E.M.S.I., Roma.
Educational objectives	Basic knowledge of physical laws that underlie the applications of physics in medicine and human body.
Prerequisites	Basic mathematics, use of quantities and measurement units
Teaching methods	Frontal lessons
Other information	///
Learning verification modality	Multiple choice written test and oral exam.
Extended program	Sizes - Units of measurementObject and method of experimental physics. Operational definition of size. Fundamental and derived quantities. Scalar and vector quantities: sum, difference, scalar and vector product of non-applied vectors. Units of measurement systems, measurement errors.MechanicsKinematics of the material point: definition of motion, trajectory, speed and acceleration. Uniform rectilinear motion, uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion and their graphical representation.DynamicsForce, Newton laws. Gravity, inertial and gravitational mass. Work and kinetic energy, potential energy. Conservation of mechanical energy.Mechanical power and efficiency. Metabolism.StaticsEquilibrium and stability: equilibrium of human body. Levers: physical principles and clinical applications: the levers in the human body. Traction.FluidsState aggregation of matter. Fluids: definition of fundamental quantities.Pressure: definition and measurement.Clinical applications: measurement of arterial pressureStatics of fluids: Stevin's law, Pascal's principle, Archimedes principle.Fluid dynamics: Bernoulli equation.Clinical applications: blood circulation, cardiovascular system, blood velocity, gravity in circulation.ThermodynamicsVariables and thermodynamic systems. Zero principle and definition of temperature, thermometric scales, thermodynamics principles. Thermal expansion: solid, liquid, gas.Heat propagation: conduction, convection, radiation.Clinical applications: thermography.Thermometers. Thermoregulation in the human body.Clinical applications: feverThe wave motionUnidimensional waves, periodic waves, sinusoidal waves, reflection and refraction, interference and diffraction. Sound waves.Ear: structure, perception of sound waves, sensitivity to tones, perception of sound waves.Doppler effect. Clinical applications: Doppler flow meter.Ultrasound. Clinical applications: Ultrasound, ecodopplerElectricityElectric charge, conductors and insulators, electric field, potential difference, electric current, resistance, capacity.Clinical applications: electrocardiogram.