Unit OPTICS OF VISION
- Course
- Optics and optometry
- Study-unit Code
- A002459
- Location
- TERNI
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Alessandro Zoppini
- Teachers
-
- Alessandro Zoppini
- Hours
- 42 ore - Alessandro Zoppini
- CFU
- 6
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2022
- Offered
- 2022/23
- Learning activities
- Caratterizzante
- Area
- Sperimentale e applicativo
- Academic discipline
- FIS/01
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
- - Introduction to Ocular Anatomy and Physiology
- Introduction to the fundamentals of visual optics
- Schematic models of the optics of vision
- Outline of ocular aberrations
- Introduction to psychophysics of vision
- Psychometric tests of visual optics
- Basic optometric tools - Reference texts
- Libri di testo necessari:
- Ottica Visuale; Zeri, Rossetti, Fossetti, Calossi; 2012
- Lenti & Occhiali; Anto Rossetti; 2008
- Manuale di Optometria e Contattologia; Rossetti, Gheller; 2003
- Materiale e Slides del corso
Libri di testo altamente consigliati:
- Elementi di ottica generale; Ferdinando Catalano; 2014
- Fondamenti di Ottica della Visione; Ferdinando Catalano; 2015
- Optometria A-Z; Lupelli; 2014 - Educational objectives
- The main objective of the course is to provide students with the basic theoretical knowledge of various aspects concerning the world of optometry.
The theoretical program of the course will therefore address the theoretical foundations of visual optics, with particular reference to the mathematical and physical models inherent to the vision developed over time, to the laws of psychophysics and psychology (hints) typical of optics of vision. In addition, topics of ocular anatomy and physiology will be dealt with in a concise but exhaustive way, as well as a discussion of commonly used tools in optometric practice.
The ultimate purpose of the course, for the student who will be suitable for the final test, will be to ensure that the student has acquired fundamental and necessary knowledge that will always allow him to possess a theoretical background essential for an effective approach to the various subjects. of the course of study, in addition to the mastery of a language typical of the optometric world. - Prerequisites
- Necessary and useful knowledge to be able to follow the "Optics of Vision" course are those concerning the course of Geometric Optics, Anatomy, especially ocular, and notions of Trigonometry and mathematical functions
- Teaching methods
- The course is articulated in theoretical lessons
- Other information
- Participation in the classroom is strongly recommended
- Learning verification modality
- To assess the suitability of students for the course, oral exams will be held through which they will have to demonstrate that they have understood and learned notions, terms and have mastery of the topics cove
- Extended program
- Ocular Anatomy and Physiology:
- Ocular adnexa (Ocular orbit; Ocular muscles; Eyelids; Conjunctiva; Lacrimal system; Lacrimal film)
- The eye and its structures [External tunic (Sclera and Cornea); Intermediate tunic or Uvea (Choroid, Ciliary body and Iris); Internal elements of the eye (Aqueous, Crystalline, Vitreous humor); Internal tunic (Retina) ]
- Superior visual structures (optic nerve; optic chiasm; lateral geniculate nucleus; optical radiation; occipital lobe; dorsal / ventral pathway)
Schematic eyes and Ametropia:
- Axes and eye angles (angles a / ¿ / k / ¿)
- Schematic models [finite and parasial eyes (schematic and reduced eye)]
- Spherical ametropias (refractive and axial ametropias; retinal image; circle of confusion; depth of field)
- Ametropia corrections (main optical instruments for the correction of ametropias (ophthalmic lenses, lac); anisometropie and knapp's law)
Astigmatism:
- Definition of astigmatism
- Characteristics (with respect to the meridians; to the refracting surface; to the orientation, to the refractive error)
- Detection (classical and transposed prescription; total and partial spherical equivalent)
Accommodation and Presbyopia:
- Definition (remote point, near point and clear vision range)
- Accommodation models (Young-Helmholtz theory; Tscherning-Schachar theory)
- Physiology of accommodation [elements useful for accommodation (chromatic range, spherical range, binocularity indicators); Ciuffreda's sensory-motor sequence; accommodative components (tonic, reflex, convergence, proximal); accommodative lag and leads]
- Presbyopia (factors related to presbyopia: Hofstetter's rule)
Ocular Aberrations:
- Types of Aberrations [chromatic and monochromatic aberrations (axial and extra-axial); 3rd order optics (spherical ab, coma, oblique beam astigmatism, field curvature, distortion); hints to Zernike polynomials]
- Aberrometry (principles of operation of aberrometers; corneal, internal and total aberrations)
- Optical Quality (hints regarding PSF; MTF; Strehl Ratio; Convolution; free-form optics)
Psychophysics of vision:
- General Laws of Psychophysics (definition of stimulus, sensation and perception; concept of threshold; laws of Weber, Fechner and Stevens)
- Detention of the Signal Theory (TDS) (hints to the concept of TDS and related indices)
- Contrast sensitivity (definition of contrast, lateral inhibition, square and sine wave; CSF)
- Measurement of Contrast Sensitivity (psychometric tests of the HF)
Chap. 7 Visual Acuity:
- Types of Visual Acuity [spatial visual acuity (visible, separable, localizable, legible) and temporal (FCF)];
- Limits of Visual Acuity (neural and physical limits; Rayleigh criterion; Nyquist theory)
- Psychometric tests in the measurement of Visual Acuity (types of optotype tables)
- Factors that influence Visual Acuity (luminance, crowding, contrast)
Colorimetry:
- Nature of color [physical properties (hints of radiometry and photometry); physiological (differences in photoreceptor absorption) and perceptual (simultaneous contrast)]
- Chromatic Theories (Young-Helmholtz's trichromatic theory; Hering's theory of chromatic opposites)
- Colorimetric models (additive and subtractive synthesis; hints of Grassman's laws, Munsell system and NCS system; CIE system)
- Defects and Chromatic Tests (definition of trichromatism and achromatism; test for the evaluation of chromatic abilities)
Instrumentation:
- Phoropter and test glasses operating principles
- Slit lamp operating principles
- Topographer operating principles
- Schiascope operating principles