Unit CHEMSTRY AND BUILDING MATERIALS
- Course
- Digital tools for the buildings, environment and territory sustainable management
- Study-unit Code
- A002896
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Stefano Falcinelli
- CFU
- 6
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2022
- Offered
- 2022/23
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa integrata
BUILDING MATERIALS
| Code | A002898 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 3 |
| Teacher | Luca Valentini |
| Teachers |
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| Hours |
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| Learning activities | Affine/integrativa |
| Area | Attività formative affini o integrative |
| Academic discipline | ING-IND/22 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | This module represents the first teaching of materials and examines the basic elements of Building Materials dealing with the properties and processes of these materials. The main objective of the teaching is to provide students with the foundations to address the selection of materials and evaluate the role in structural applications. The main knowledge acquired will be: - knowledge of the properties of the fracture mechanics of materials; - knowledge of the fundamental characteristics of the properties of ceramic and cementitious materials; - knowledge related to mechanical fatigue phenomena in materials; - processes related to cementitious materials. The main skills (i.e. the ability to apply the knowledge acquired) will be: - ability to analyze and describe materials from a qualitative and quantitative point of view with the ability to know how to perform calculations in terms of mechanical strength, fatigue and fracture; - ability to identify the most suitable materials with which to make structural components; - ability to choose compounds and optimal chemical-physical conditions for cementitious materials. |
| Reference texts | William Smith, Scienza e Tecnologia dei materiali, McGraw-Hill, 1993. |
| Educational objectives | Provide the tools for understanding the main mechanical properties of building materials for the design of structures and their process. |
| Prerequisites | In order to understand and know how to apply the topics and techniques described in the teaching, it is not necessary to have taken other exams of the degree course. However, the knowledge required to understand the course contents and achieve the expected training objectives are the following: Mathematical Analysis: concept of derivative and integral; Physics: knowing how to convert from the units of measurement of the cgs system to the mks system; being able to perform dimensional analysis within the International System of Units (SI) in order to verify the plausibility of the calculations made and the equations used. The knowledge of these techniques is a prerequisite for the student who wants to follow the course successfully. |
| Teaching methods | The course is organized as follows: - classroom lectures on all the topics of the course; - classroom exercises aimed at the correct application of the concepts studied for the resolution of numerical exercises and practical-applicative problems. Throughout the course we try to get the student used to reasoning not only qualitatively on the phenomena studied, but also quantitatively, evaluating the physical quantities involved. This is done not only through theoretical lectures but also through the carrying out in the classroom of experimental demonstrations, numerical exercises and in-depth discussions. |
| Other information | Frontal lessons: three hours per week with numerical exercises: one or two hours per week depending on the needs. The timetable of the frontal lessons, and the classroom where they will take place, can be found by connecting to the following web address: http://www.ing1.unipg.it/didattica/studiare/orario-delle-lezioni. Dates of start and end of didactic activities: First semester. The start and end dates of the educational activities are available by connecting to the following web address: http://www.ing1.unipg.it/didattica |
| Learning verification modality | The exam includes a written test on a problem of a practical nature and an oral test for each of the two modules that is consisting the whole Course. The written tests, for logistical reasons, will be taken in advance of the respective oral tests that can be taken in different sessions or simultaneously in the same session according to the schedule established by the CdS. The written test for the Building Materials module consists of 1-2 closed-ended problems. It lasts 1 hour and 30 minutes and is aimed at verifying: i) the ability to understand the problems proposed during the course, ii) the ability to correctly apply theoretical knowledge (Dublin 2 descriptor), iii) the ability to formulate in autonomy of judgment appropriate observations on possible modeling alternatives (Dublin 3 descriptor), iv) the ability to communicate effectively and relevantly in written form (Dublin 4 descriptor). The oral exam for the Construction Materials module consists of an open-ended interview with an open answer lasting about 20-30 minutes each, aimed at ascertaining: i) the level of knowledge of the theoretical-methodological contents of the course (descriptor of Dublin 1); ii) the level of competence in exposing possible solutions to the proposed technological problems regarding: properties and mechanical behavior of materials; tensile test; stiffness, strength, hardness, toughness; ductile and brittle breaking, resilience; properties and classification of cements, mortars and concretes (Dublin 2 descriptor); iii) the autonomy of judgment (Dublin 3 descriptor) in proposing the most appropriate approach for each theoretical-applicative area, with full awareness of the simplifying hypotheses adopted in the various chemical-technological applications addressed in the course, of the physical meaning of the quantities involved , the level of uncertainty of the results achieved. The oral tests also have the objective of verifying the student's ability to expose the themes proposed by the Commission with language properties, to sustain a dialectical relationship during discussion and to summarize the application results of the theories studied (Dublin 4 descriptor). The final evaluation will be carried out by the Commission out of thirty by averaging the results of the four tests of the two modules with the following weights for the Building Materials module: written test (Building Materials module), weight = 1/6; oral exam (Building Materials module), weight = 2/6. For information on support services for students with disabilities and / or SLD, visit the page http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa |
| Extended program | CRYSTAL PATTERNS AND DEFECTS Arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice, lattice coordinates, cell unit , lattice parameter, directions and planes, Miller indices, interstitial sites, surface and volume packing factor. Lattice defects, vacancies, interstitial defects. Interface defects. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Ceramic materials, stress, strain, stress-strain curves, engineering and real stress and strains, Hooke's law, Young's modulus Concentration of efforts Safety factor FRACTURE Griffith's theory Effort on the tip of a crack Effort factor Toughness test Calculation of K. Considerations of the plastic zone Influence of the Y.S. Specimen thickness Test procedures Influence of the microstructure FATIGUE Introduction and types of fatigue Life and fatigue, fatigue cycles Crack initiation and growth Influencing factors, Paris law Non-cracked components Cracked components PHASE DIAGRAMS Introduction to phase diagrams. Variance. Gibbs phase rule. Liquidus, solidus and solvus lines. Eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic transformations. Leverage rule. Fe-C diagram. Solubility of C in Fe. Eutectic and eutectoid in the Fe-C diagram. Fe-C diagram. Ferrite alpha, delta, austenite and cementite. Hypoeutectoid, eutectoid, and hypereutectoid steels. Cast iron: hypoeutectic, eutectic and hypereutectic. Microstructures in the Fe-C diagram. CERAMIC MATERIALS Introduction chemical bonds in ceramics basic structural relationships structures of oxides silicate structures polymorphism processing of ceramics mechanical properties thermal properties glassy state glass structure BINDERS air binders stiffening process aerial lime quicklime shutdown the sand chalk hydraulic binders Portland cement hydration of the cement alterations pozzolanic cement |
BASICS OF CHEMSTRY
| Code | A002897 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 3 |
| Teacher | Stefano Falcinelli |
| Teachers |
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| Hours |
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| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Formazione chimica e fisica di base |
| Academic discipline | CHIM/07 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian. |
| Contents | Atomic theory and Stoichiometry. Gaseous phase. Thermodynamics. Phase equilibria and solutions. Chemical equilibrium. Electrochemistry. Chemical kinetics. Atomic structure; periodic properties. Chemical bond |
| Reference texts | D. W. Oxtoby, H. P. Gillis e L. J. Butler, Chimica moderna, V Edizione, EdiSES, Napoli 2018. |
| Educational objectives | This course represents the first teaching of Chemistry and examines the basic elements of General Chemistry, treating properties (composition and structure) and the transformations of matter. The main goal of such education is to provide students with the bases for the study of General Chemistry and to recognize and evaluate the role of chemical transformations and the microscopic structure of matter in technological applications. Main knowledge acquired will be: - Principles and methods of weight balance in chemical reactions; - Basic characteristics of the properties of the states of matter and the physical characteristics of phase equilibria; - Knowledge of thermodynamics, energetics and spontaneity criteria of chemical reactions; - Fundamentals of chemical equilibrium and deep understanding of redox processes, corrosion phenomena; - Knowledge on the microscopic structure of matter. The main competence (i.e. the ability to apply the acquired knowledge) will be: - to analyze and describe the main chemical reactions from a qualitatively and quantitatively point of view with the ability to perform predictive calculations in terms of weighted quantities and energy; - to evaluate materials and the optimal chemical-physical conditions suitable to prevent corrosion in building structures; - to be able to predict the main chemical-physical characteristics of the various substances based on the analysis of their constituent elements and of their existing chemical bond. |
| Prerequisites | In order to be able to understand and apply the majority of the techniques described within the course, it is not necessary to have passed any exams. Moreover, some topics matter of the module require the ability: i) to know how to perform conversions between cgs and mks unit systems; ii) knowing how to perform dimensional analysis adopting the International System of Units (SI) in order to check the correctness of the performed calculations and of the simple used equations. |
| Teaching methods | The course is organized as follow: - Lectures on all subjects of the course; - Classroom exercises aimed for a correct application of the concepts developed for the resolution of numerical exercises and problems of practical application. During the course the student is encouraged to work in a quantitative way over all the studied phenomena, using appropriately the involved physical and chemical quantities. This is done through the theoretical frontal lessons and carrying out in the classroom some experimental demonstrations, many numerical exercises and tutorial discussions. |
| Other information | Frontal lessons: two/three weekly hours. Tutorial discussions with experimental demonstrations and numerical exercises: one weekly hour depending on the necessity. The timetable and Classroom can be downloaded at the following Web address: http://www.ing1.unipg.it/didattica/studiare/orario-delle-lezioni |
| Learning verification modality | The exam consists of a written test and an oral test for each module of the Course. The written tests consist of the solution of some problems/multiple choice tests and/or short compositions. Each test has a duration of 1 hour and 30 minutes and is designed to evaluate the ability to correctly apply the theoretical knowledge, the understanding of the proposed issues, and the ability to communicate in written form. The oral tests consist on interviews of about 20-30 minutes long each one aiming to ascertain the knowledge level and the understanding capability acquired by the student on theoretical and methodological contents as indicated on the program. The oral exam will also test the student communication skill and his autonomy in the organization and exposure of the theoretical topics. The final evaluation will be carried out by the Commission by averaging the results of written and oral tests. For information on support services for students with disabilities and/or SLD, please, refer to: http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa |
| Extended program | Atomic theory of the matter: historical introduction; atomic theory of the matter; atom, isotopes and periodic table; formulas and chemical equations; mass balance; stoichiometric calculations. Gaseous phase: ideal gas; kinetic theory; the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of the molecular velocities. Thermodynamics: the I principle and the thermochemistry; the II principle and the entropy; criterions of spontaneity of the processes and the Gibbs free energy; the III principle and the absolute entropies. The basics of phase equilibria and solutions: vapor pressure; phase diagrams; solutions, concentration units. Chemical equilibrium: homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria; equilibrium constant; ionic equilibria in aqueous solutions (acids and bases). Electrochemistry: states of oxidation; redox reactions and concept of semireaction; galvanic cells and methods for conversion of chemical energy to electric energy. Chemical kinetics: reaction rates; kinetic equations; Arrhenius equation and effects of the temperature; activation energy; catalysis. Structure and properties of matter: atomic structure; fundamental concepts of chemical bonding; periodic properties of the elements. |